Traiter 2023-01-26 14:44

Family Taxon Text
Betulaceae Alnus Trees or shrubs , to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark brown, thin, smooth, close; lenticels often present, pale, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white, turning reddish upon exposure to air, moderately light and soft, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs uniform or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds stipitate (nearly sessile in Alnus subg. Alnobetula ), narrowly to broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, terete, apex acute to rounded; scales 2--3, valvate, or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) several, imbricate, smooth, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) sometimes none. Leaves borne on long or short shoots, 3-ranked to nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, thin to leathery, base variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially sometimes resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral, in racemose clusters or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) solitary, formed ( Alnus subg. Alnus and Clethropsis ) during previous growing season and exposed or enclosed in buds during winter, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) formed and expanding during same growing season, expanding before or with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, solitary or in relatively small racemose clusters, erect to nearly pendulous, ovoid to ellipsoid, firm; scales and flowers crowded, developing and maturing at same time as staminate catkins. Staminate flowers in catkins, 3 per scale; stamens (3--)4(--6); anthers and filaments undivided. Pistillate flowers usually 2 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales persistent long after release of fruits, with 5 lobes, greatly thickened, woody. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, leathery or membranaceous, reduced or essentially absent in some species. x = 7.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
bud_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: terete
shape: valvate
bud_surface surface: smooth
catkin_count_staminate low: 3, sex: staminate
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 0
fruit_lobe_count low: 5
fruit_wing_count low: 2, location: lateral
fruit_woodiness woodiness: woody
habit habit: branching
infructescence_scales_duration duration: persistent
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate
margin: serrulate
margin: entire
leaf_ranked_count low: 3
low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
surface: glandular
lenticel_color color: white
color: red
shrub_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
solitary_shape_staminate shape: pendulous, sex: staminate
shape: ovoid, sex: staminate
shape: ellipsoid, sex: staminate
stamen_count min: 3, low: 4, max: 6
trunk_branch_color color: gray
color: brown
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
twig_ranked_count low: 2
Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa Trees , to 20 m; trunks often several, crowns narrow. Bark dark brown, smooth, becoming darker and breaking into shallow fissures in age; lenticels pale, horizontal. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid to obovoid, 6--10 mm, apex obtuse; stalks 2--5 mm; scales 2--3, outer 2 equal, valvate, usually heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade obovate to nearly orbiculate, 3--9 × 3--8 cm, leathery, base obtuse to broadly cuneate, margins flat, coarsely and often irregularly doubly serrate to nearly dentate, major teeth acute to obtuse or rounded, apex often retuse or obcordate, or occasionally rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often more heavily on veins, both surfaces heavily resin-coated. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--5, 4--13 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--5. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to nearly globose, 1.2--2.5 × 1--1.5 cm; peduncles 1--10(--20) mm. Samaras obovate, wings reduced to narrow, thickened ridges. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 5, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_shape shape: obovate
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: retuse
shape: obcordate
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 2
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
leaf_tooth_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_venation venation: vein
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
stalk_shape shape: valvate
stalk_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus incana Trees and shrubs , to 25 m; crowns open. Bark light to dark gray, reddish, or brown, smooth, or in age broken into irregular plates; lenticels present or absent, conspicuous, enlarged or unexpanded. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid, 4--7 mm, apex rounded to nearly acute; stalk 1--3 mm; scales 2--3, equal, valvate, resin-coated. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to elliptic, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margins doubly serrate, with distinctly larger secondary teeth, apex acute or short-acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to nearly cylindric; peduncles relatively short and stout. Samaras elliptic to obovate, wings narrower than body, irregular in shape.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: red
color: brown
bark_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
fruit_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
lenticel_count low: 0
stalk_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
stalk_shape shape: valvate
stalk_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
tree_shrub_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus incana subsp. rugosa Shrubs , open, spreading, to 9 m. Bark dark grayish to reddish brown, smooth; lenticels whitish, prominent, horizontal. Winter buds parallel to twig, ellipsoid, 3--7 mm, apex acute or obtuse; stalks 2--4 mm. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 4--11 × 3--8 cm, firm, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margins usually coarsely doubly serrate, toothed to base, apex acute or short-acuminate to slightly obtuse; surfaces abaxially often glaucous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often more densely so on veins, slightly to not noticeably resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--4, 2--7 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--6. Infructescences ovoid, 1--1.7 × 0.8--1.2 cm; peduncles 1--5 mm. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: red-brown
bark_size length_high: 9.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bud_venation venation: parallel, part_as_loc: to twig
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 6, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: toothed, subpart_as_loc: to base
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
stalk_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia Shrubs or trees, to 12 m; shrubs ascending, open, spreading, trees small, shrubby. Bark light gray to dark brown, smooth; lenticels pale, orbiculate to elliptic. Winter buds nearly divergent, ellipsoid, 4--7 mm, apex obtuse; stalks 1--3 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 4--10 × 2.5--8 cm, thin, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margins distinctly doubly serrate to nearly crenate or lobulate, teeth relatively blunt or rounded, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, slightly to not noticeably resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3--5, 4--10 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--5. Infructescences ovoid, 1--2 × 0.8--1.3 cm; peduncles 1--5 mm. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 5, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
habit habit: ascending
habit: shrub
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: crenate
margin: lobulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: orbicular
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2
stalk_shape shape: valvate
stalk_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus maritima Shrubs or trees , to 10 m; crowns narrow. Bark light gray, smooth; lenticels small, inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5--5 mm, apex rounded; stalks 1--3 mm; scales 2--3, subequal, often poorly developed, heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, oblong, or narrowly obovate, 4.5--9 × 2--5 cm, leathery, base acute to cuneate, margins flat, teeth low, single, relatively distant, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded; surfaces abaxially mostly glabrous, resin-coated when young. Inflorescences: catkins formed during same season as flowering; staminate catkins in 1 terminal cluster of 2--4, 2--6 cm; pistillate catkins solitary in leaf axils proximal to staminate catkins. Flowering in late summer or early fall. Infructescences ovoid, 1.2--2.8 × 1.2--2.2 cm; peduncles 5--10 mm. Samaras elliptic, wings reduced to narrow, leathery ridges. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_staminate low: 1, sex: staminate, location: terminal
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate, location: terminal
fruit_shape shape: elliptic
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
stalk_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus oblongifolia Trees , to 30 m; trunks often several, crowns spreading. Bark dark gray, smooth, becoming blackish and breaking into shallow vertical plates in age; lenticels inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ovoid, 4--8 mm, apex rounded; stalks 1.5--4 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate, sometimes incompletely covering underlying leaves, moderately resin-coated. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5--9 × 3--6 cm, leathery, base narrowly to broadly cuneate or narrowly rounded, margins flat, sharply and coarsely doubly serrate, rarely evenly and densely short-serrate, major teeth sharp, acuminate, secondary teeth distinctly larger, apex long to short-acuminate, rarely acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent or infrequently villous, moderately resin-coated. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3--6, 3.5--10 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--7. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid, ellipsoid, or nearly cylindric, 1--2.5 × 0.8--1.5 cm; peduncles 5--10 mm. Samaras elliptic to obovate, wings narrower than body, irregular in shape, leathery.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: black
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 7, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: valvate
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2
stalk_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus rhombifolia Trees , to 35 m; trunks often several, crowns spreading, open. Bark light gray, smooth, becoming darker and breaking into scales in age; lenticels inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid to obovoid, 3--9 mm, apex rounded; stalks 3--5 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate, sometimes incompletely covering underlying leaves, moderately to heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to rhombic, rarely ovate, 4--9 × 2--5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins flat, finely serrate or serrulate, sometimes slightly lobed, without noticeably larger secondary teeth, apex acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to villous. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3--7, 3--10 cm, stamens 2, or 4 with 2 reduced in size; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--6. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to nearly cylindric, 1--2.2 × 0.7--1 cm; peduncles 1--10 mm. Samaras broadly elliptic, wings narrower than body, irregular in shape, leathery.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 6, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_count_staminate low: 4, sex: staminate
fruit_shape shape: elliptic
shape: bilaterally symmetric
infructescence_count_staminate low: 2, sex: staminate
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: valvate
shape: elliptic
shape: rhomboic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2
stalk_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
stamen_count_staminate low: 2, sex: staminate
stamen_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
tree_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus rubra Trees , to 28 m; trunks often several, crowns narrow or pyramidal. Bark gray, smooth, darkening and breaking into shallow rectangular plates in age; lenticels inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid, 6--10 mm, apex rounded, long; stalks 2--8 mm; scales 2--3, outer 2 equal and valvate, usually heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 6--16 × 3--11 cm, leathery, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, deeply doubly serrate or crenate, with distinctly larger secondary teeth, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--6, 3.5--14 cm; sistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3--8. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to nearly globose, 1--3.5 × 0.6--1.5 cm; peduncles 1--10 mm. Samaras ovate or elliptic, wings much narrower than body, irregularly elliptic to obovate, leathery. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_shape shape: rhomboid
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count low: 3, high: 8, count_group: cluster
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 14.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 2
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: crenate
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
stalk_shape shape: valvate
stalk_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_high: 28.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus serrulata Shrubs , open to rather densely ascending, to 10 m. Bark light gray, smooth; lenticels small, inconspicuous. Winter buds stipitate, ellipsoid to obovoid, 3--6 mm, apex mostly rounded; stalks 2--4 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate, moderately to heavily resin-coated. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 5--14 × 3.5--8 cm, leathery, base broadly to narrowly cuneate, margins flat, serrulate, without noticeably larger secondary teeth, apex obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to moderately villous, slightly to moderately resin-coated. Inflorescences formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--5, 3--8.5 cm, stamens 4; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3--5. Flowering before new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid-ellipsoid, 1--2.2 × 0.6--1.2 cm; peduncles 1--3(--5) mm. Samaras obovate, wings narrower than body, irregularly elliptic or obovate, leathery. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
catkin_count_pistillate low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
fruit_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
habit habit: ascending
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: villose
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: mm
stalk_scales_count low: 2
stalk_shape shape: valvate
stalk_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 4
stamen_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.5, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Alnus viridis Shrubs , spreading to compact, to 10 m. Bark smooth; lenticels scattered, conspicuous to inconspicuous, small, mostly unenlarged. Winter buds nearly sessile, ovoid, apex acuminate; stalks usually not over 1 mm; scales 4--6, unequal, imbricate. Leaf blade broadly to narrowly ovate or elliptic, 3--11 × 3--8 cm, base rounded, obtuse, or cuneate, sometimes nearly cordate, margins serrulate to coarsely doubly serrate, apex acute to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to tomentose, lightly to heavily resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins in 1 cluster of 2--4, formed late in growing season before flowering and exposed during winter; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2--10, formed season before blooming, enclosed in buds during winter, exposed with new growth in spring. Flowering with new growth in spring. Infructescences ovoid to ellipsoid or nearly cylindric; peduncles relatively long, thin. Samaras elliptic to obovate, wings wider than body, membranaceous.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bud_shape shape: ovoid
catkin_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 10, count_group: cluster, sex: pistillate
catkin_count_staminate low: 1, sex: staminate
fruit_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
inflorescence_count_staminate low: 2, high: 4, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
stalk_scales_count low: 4, high: 6
stalk_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm
Betulaceae Alnus viridis subsp. crispa Shrubs , spreading or rather compact, to 3(--4) m. Bark grayish brown; lenticels pale. Leaf blade dark green, broadly to narrowly ovate or elliptic, 3.5--6(--10) × 3--5(--7) cm, leathery, base rounded, obtuse, or cuneate, sometimes nearly cordate, margins serrulate or finely serrate, apex obtuse to acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous to velutinous or occasionally tomentose, moderately to heavily resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 2.5--9 cm. Infructescences 1.2--2 × 0.5--1.2 cm; peduncles 1--5 cm. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: m
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
Betulaceae Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa Shrubs , spreading, to 3(--6) m. Bark gray-brown; lenticels pale. Leaf blade dark green, broadly ovate, 5--8(--10) × 3--6(--7) cm, base rounded to nearly truncate or nearly cordate, margins flat, sharply and densely doubly serrate, apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, especially on veins, moderately to heavily resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 3.5--6 cm. Infructescences 1.2--2 × 0.5--1.2 cm; peduncles 1--3 cm. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: m
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 3.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_max: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata Shrubs , spreading, to 5(--10) m. Bark light gray to reddish brown; lenticels inconspicuous. Leaf blade light or yellowish green, narrowly to broadly ovate, 4--10 × 3--8 cm, thin, papery, base rounded to cordate, margins flat, sharply and coarsely doubly serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lightly to moderately resin-coated. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 2.5--13 cm. Infructescences 1.5--2.5 × 0.8--1.3 cm; peduncles 1--3 cm. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: red-brown
bark_size length_low: 5.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: m
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.5, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-green
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
Betulaceae Betula Trees or shrubs , to 30 m; trunks often several, branching excurrent, becoming deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches dark brown to chalky white, smooth, often exfoliating; lenticels dark, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white to reddish brown, light and soft to moderately heavy and hard, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots, sometimes with taste and odor of wintergreen. Winter buds sessile, slender, terete, apex acute; scales several, imbricate, smooth. Leaves mostly on short shoots, nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5--10(--14) × 0.5--8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate or serrate (or crenate to shallowly round-lobed in dwarf northern species); surfaces glabrous to tomentose, sometimes abaxially resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins mostly terminal on branchlets, solitary or in small racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and often exposed during winter, expanding with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, mostly solitary, erect, ovoid to cylindric, firm; scales and flowers crowded, enclosed within buds during winter, expanding with leaves. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale; stamens (1--)2--3(--4), filaments divided below anthers, nearly to base. Pistillate flowers (1--)3 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales usually deciduous with release of fruits (although persisting into winter in a few species), (1--)3-lobed, thickened or leathery but not woody. Fruits samaras, lateral wings 2, moderately wide to broad, membranaceous. x = 14.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_shape shape: slender
shape: terete
bud_surface surface: smooth
catkin_count_staminate low: 3, sex: staminate
count_suffix count_suffix: lobe
flower_count_pistillate min: 1, low: 3, sex: pistillate
fruit_lobe_count min: 1, low: 3
fruit_wing_count low: 2, location: lateral
fruit_woodiness woodiness: woody
habit habit: branching
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate
margin: crenate
leaf_margin_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: deltoid
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
surface: glandular
lenticel_color color: white
color: red-brown
scales_leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
shrub_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
solitary_shape_staminate shape: ovoid, sex: staminate
shape: cylindric, sex: staminate
stamen_count min: 1, low: 2, high: 3, max: 4
trunk_branch_color color: brown
color: white
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
twig_ranked_count low: 2
Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis Trees , to 30 m; trunks straight, crowns narrowly round. Bark of young trunks and branches dark reddish brown, in maturity tan, yellowish, or grayish, lustrous, smooth, irregularly exfoliating, or sometimes darkening and remaining close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs with odor and taste of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong with (9--)12--18 pairs of lateral veins, 6--10 × 3--5.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate or cordate, margins sharply doubly serrate, teeth coarse, rather irregular, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect, ovoid, 1.5--3 × 1--2.5 cm, generally remaining intact after release of fruits in late fall; scales sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe tapering to narrow tip, lateral lobes ascending or partially extended, broader, rounded. Samaras with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, not or only slightly extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 84.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_lobe_shape shape: tapering
fruit_scales_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_shape shape: orbicular
habit habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_count min: 9, low: 12, high: 18, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: red-brown
color: tan
color: yellow
color: gray
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_crown_shape shape: orbicular
trunk_shape shape: straight
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula cordifolia Trees or shrubs , large, irregular, to 20 m; trunks often several, trees with narrow crowns. Bark of young trunks and branches dark reddish brown, close, in maturity reddish white to reddish tan or bronze, exfoliating in paper-thin sheets; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often covered with conspicuous, warty, resinous glands. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate with 9--12 pairs of lateral veins, 6--10(--14) × 4--8 cm, base usually cordate, rarely rounded, margins coarsely or irregularly doubly serrate, apex short-acuminate, abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, sometimes velutinous or tomentose along major veins and in vein axils, covered with minute, resinous glands. Infructescences pendulous or nearly pendulous, cylindric, 2.5--5.5 × 0.6--1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe elongate, obtuse, lateral lobes ascending, shorter and slightly broader than central lobe. Samaras with wings broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28, 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_count low: 56
fruit_lobe_shape shape: elongate
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
fruit_shape shape: obtuse
habit habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 9, high: 12, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
shrub_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
trunk_branch_color color: red-brown
color: red-white
color: red-tan
color: bronze
trunk_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula glandulosa Shrubs , spreading or ascending, to 3 m. Bark dark brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, inconspicuous, unexpanded. Twigs without taste or odor of wintergreen, essentially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually conspicuously covered with large, warty, resinous glands. Leaf blade mostly obovate to nearly orbiculate with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 0.5--3 × 1--2.5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins dentate-crenate, teeth obtuse to rounded, apex obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often covered with resinous glands. Infructescences erect, cylindric, 1--2.5 × 0.5--1.2 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous, lobes diverging distal to middle, central lobe elongate, lateral lobes ascending, somewhat shorter and broader than central lobe. Samaras with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, extended slightly beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_lobe_shape shape: elongate
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: ascending
habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: dentate-crenate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula kenaica Trees , to 12 m; crowns narrow. Bark dark reddish brown, sometimes becoming pinkish or grayish white, smooth, in maturity exfoliating in thin sheets; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, slightly to moderately pubescent, often with scattered resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate to nearly deltate with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 4--5(--7.5) × 2.5--4.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins coarsely doubly serrate to dentate, teeth relatively sharp, apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered resinous glands. Infructescences erect to nearly pendulous, cylindric, 2--5 × 0.5--1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales ciliate, lobes diverging at middle, nearly equal in length, strongly divergent. Samaras with wings as broad as to somewhat narrower than body, broadest near middle, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 70.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
color: pink
color: gray-white
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_scales_margin margin: ciliate
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: deltoid
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 7.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula lenta Trees , to 20 m; trunks tall, straight, crowns narrow. Bark of mature trunks and branches light grayish brown to dark brown or nearly black, smooth, close, furrowed and broken into shallow scales with age. Twigs with taste and odor of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, usually covered with small resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate to oblong-ovate with 12--18 pairs of lateral veins, 5--10 × 3--6 cm, base rounded to cordate, margins finely and sharply serrate or obscurely doubly serrate, teeth fine, sharp, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially mostly glabrous, except sparsely pubescent along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect, ovoid to nearly globose, 1.5--4 × 1.5--2.5 cm, usually remaining intact for a period after release of fruits in fall; scales mostly glabrous, lobes diverging at or proximal to middle, central lobe short, cuneate, lateral lobes extended to slightly ascending, longer and broader than central lobe. Samaras with wings narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: cuneate
habit habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 12, high: 18, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
color: black
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_shape shape: straight
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula michauxii Shrubs , spreading, dwarfed, to ca. 0.5 m. Bark dark brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, inconspicuous, circular. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, moderately to densely pubescent, not conspicuously resin-coated, without large, warty, resinous glands. Leaf blade obovate--reniform, with 2--3 pairs of lateral veins, 0.5--1 × 0.5--1.2 cm, base cuneate, margins deeply crenate-dentate, apex broadly rounded to nearly truncate; surfaces abaxially usually glabrous. Infructescences erect, short-cylindric, 0.5--1 × 0.5--0.8 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales unlobed (lateral lobes sometimes present but greatly reduced), glabrous. Samaras with wings not apparent or reduced to narrow ridges.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 0.5, length_units: m, uncertain: True
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_scales_shape shape: unlobed
fruit_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: crenate-dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-reniform
leaf_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula minor Shrubs , erect, irregularly spreading, or depressed, to 5 m. Bark dark, reddish brown, smooth, close, not readily exfoliating; lenticels pale, horizontally expanded. Twigs without odor and taste of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often dotted with resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 1.5--5.5(--8) × 1.5--3(--5) cm, base rounded or cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely doubly serrate, teeth obtuse to rather sharp, toothed nearly to base, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous to moderately pubescent, usually more densely pubescent along major veins, often covered with small resinous glands. Infructescences erect, cylindric 1--3 × 0.5--1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging at middle, central lobe elongate, apex obtuse, lateral lobes ascending, as long as to nearly shorter and broader than central lobe. Samaras with wings equal to or broader than body, broadest near summit, extending beyond body apically. 2 n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
bark_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_apex_shape shape: obtuse
fruit_lobe_shape shape: elongate
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
habit habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: toothed, subpart_as_loc: to base
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.5, length_max: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula murrayana Trees , to 15 m; trunks usually several. Bark of mature trunk and branches dark red to reddish brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, conspicuous, horizontally expanded. Twigs with taste and odor of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, covered with small resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate with 7--10 pairs of lateral veins, 5--11 × 3--6 cm, base cuneate, margins sharply and obscurely doubly serrate, apex acute or only slightly acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Infructescences erect, ovoid, 2--4 × 1.5--3 cm, remaining intact for a period after release of fruits in late fall; scales sparsely pubescent to glabrous, lobes ascending, branching at middle, slightly unequal in length. Samaras with wings narrower than body, broadest near summit, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 112.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_scales_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
habit habit: ascending
habit: branching
infructescence_shape shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 7, high: 10, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: red
color: red-brown
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula nana Shrubs , sprawling, creeping, or upright, to 1 m. Bark gray to dark brown, smooth, close; lenticels inconspicuous, unexpanded. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely or moderately pubescent, with or without heavy resinous coating, sometimes covered with warty resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly orbiculate or obovate-orbiculate to reniform, with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, often broader than long, base rounded to nearly cordate, margins deeply crenate, apex rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely or moderately pubescent. Staminate and pistillate catkins produced season before flowering but retained in buds during winter, expanding along with new growth in spring. Infructescences erect, nearly cylindric, shattering with fruits in fall. Samaras with wings much narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
habit habit: creeping
habit: upright
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: crenate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obovate-orbicular
shape: reniform
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula nana subsp. exilis Shrubs , spreading, depressed, to 1 m. Bark reddish brown. Twigs glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, conspicuously resinous, with relatively few small, resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly orbiculate to reniform, 0.5--1.2 × 0.5--1.6 cm, base rounded to nearly cordate or cuneate; surfaces abaxially glabrous, occasionally with only a few small, resinous glands. Infructescences 0.5--1.2 × 0.5--0.7 cm; scales glabrous, lobes diverging distal to middle, held nearly parallel, center lobe ascending, slightly longer than lateral lobes. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
bark_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: m
habit habit: ascending
infructescence_scales_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.7, width_units: cm
infructescence_venation venation: parallel
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: reniform
leaf_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula nana subsp. nana Shrubs , procumbent, widely spreading, or upright, to 1 m. Bark dark brown. Twigs sparsely to densely pubescent, dull, without heavy resinous coating, without large, warty, resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly orbiculate or obovate-orbiculate to reniform, 0.8--1.5 × 0.8--2 cm, base rounded or cuneate to nearly cordate; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Infructescences 0.5--1.5 × 0.4--1 cm; scales glabrous, lobes diverging distal to middle, ascending, about equal in length. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: m
habit habit: procumbent
habit: upright
habit: ascending
infructescence_scales_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.4, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obovate-orbicular
shape: reniform
leaf_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula neoalaskana Trees , to 25 m, crowns narrow. Bark of young trunks and branches reddish brown, when mature becoming pinkish white to light red (starkly white in interior Alaska; D. F. Murray, pers. comm.), smooth, exfoliating in thin sheets. Twigs glabrous, covered with conspicuous resinous glands. Leaf blade deltate-ovate with 5--18 pairs of lateral veins, 3--8 × 2--6 cm, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margins coarsely doubly serrate, apex long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, pubescent along major veins and in vein axils, covered with small resinous glands. Infructescences pendulous, cylindric, 2--4 × 0.8--1.2 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous, margins ciliate, lobes diverging distal to middle, central lobe narrower and equal to or slightly shorter than lateral lobes, lateral lobes broadly angular, extended. Samaras with wings broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_lobe_shape shape: angular
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 5, high: 18, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: deltoid-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: red-brown
color: pink-white
color: red
color: white
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Betulaceae Betula nigra Trees , to 25 m; trunks often several, crowns round. Bark of mature trunks and branches grayish brown, yellowish, reddish, or creamy white, smooth, irregularly shredding and exfoliating in shaggy sheets when mature; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs without wintergreen taste or odor, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often with scattered, tiny, resinous glands. Leaf blade rhombic-ovate, with 5--12 pairs of lateral veins, 4--8 × 3--6 cm, base broadly cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely doubly serrate to dentate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially moderately pubescent to velutinous, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect, conic or nearly globose, 1.5--3 × 1--2.5 cm, shattering with fruits in late spring or early summer; scales often persistent into early winter, lobes 3, ascending, branching distal to middle, narrow, elongate, equal to somewhat unequal in length, apex acute. Samaras with wings narrower than body, usually broadest near summit, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_apex_shape shape: acute
fruit_lobe_count low: 3
fruit_scales_duration duration: persistent
fruit_shape shape: elongate
habit habit: ascending
habit: branching, location: distal
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_count low: 5, high: 12, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: rhomboic-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: gray-brown
color: yellow
color: red
color: white-white
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_crown_shape shape: orbicular
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula occidentalis Shrubs , spreading, to 10 m. Bark dark reddish brown to bronze, smooth, close, not readily exfoliating; lenticels pale, horizontally expanded. Twigs without the odor or taste of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, covered with conspicuous, reddish, resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 2--5.8 × 1--4.5 cm, base truncate to rounded or cuneate, margins sharply and coarsely serrate or irregularly doubly serrate, teeth mostly long and sharp, basal portion untoothed, apex acute to occasionally short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, covered with minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect to nearly pendulous, cylindric, 2--3(--3.9) × 0.8--1.5 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous, ciliate, lobes diverging at middle, central lobe narrower and longer than ascending lateral lobes. Samaras with wings broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
color: bronze
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 3.9, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
twig_color color: red
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Trees , to 30 m, usually 20 m or shorter; trunks often single, sometimes 2 or more, mature crowns narrowly round. Bark of young trunks and branches dark reddish brown, smooth, in maturity creamy to chalky white or pale to (infrequently) dark brown, readily exfoliating in paper-thin sheets; lenticels pale, horizontal, in maturity dark, much expanded, horizontal. Twigs without strong odor and taste of wintergreen, slightly to moderately pubescent, infrequently with scattered, small, resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate with 9 or fewer pairs of lateral veins, 5--9(--12) × 4--7 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or truncate, margins sharply to coarsely or irregularly doubly serrate or serrate-dentate, apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, often velutinous along major veins and in vein axils, covered with minute, resinous glands. Infructescences pendulous, cylindric, 2.5--5 × 0.6--1.2 cm, readily shattering with fruits in late fall; scales pubescent to glabrous, lobes diverging at or proximal to middle, central lobe narrowly elongate, obtuse, lateral lobes about equal in length to central lobe but several times broader, strongly divergent, held nearly at right angles to axis. Samaras with wings as broad as or slightly broader than body, extended nearly beyond body apically. 2 n = 56, 70, 84.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_count low: 2
fruit_count low: 70
low: 84
fruit_lobe_shape shape: elongate
fruit_scales_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: obtuse
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 9, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate-dentate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: red-brown
color: white
color: white
color: brown
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_count low: 1
trunk_crown_shape shape: orbicular
trunk_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula pendula Trees , to 25 m; trunks usually several, crowns spreading. Bark of mature trunks and branches creamy to silvery white, smooth, exfoliating as long strands; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Branches pendulous; twigs glabrous, usually dotted with small resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly ovate to rhombic with 5--18 pairs of lateral veins, 3--7 × 2.5--5 cm, base cuneate, rarely truncate, margins coarsely and sharply doubly serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, covered with minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect to nearly pendulous, cylindric, 2--3.5 × 0.6--1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales adaxially sparsely pubescent, lobes diverging at middle, central lobe obtuse, much shorter than lateral lobes, lateral lobes broad, rounded, extended. Samaras with wings much broader than body, broadest near center, extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28, 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_shape shape: pendulous
fruit_count low: 56
fruit_lobe_shape shape: obtuse
fruit_scales_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_shape shape: orbicular
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 5, high: 18, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic
shape: truncate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: white-silver-white
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Betulaceae Betula populifolia Trees , broadly pyramidal, to 10 m; trunks usually several. Bark when young dark reddish brown, in maturity becoming grayish white, smooth, close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, dotted with small, inconspicuous, resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly ovate to deltate or rhombic with 5--18 pairs of lateral veins, 3--10 × 3--8 cm, base truncate to cuneate, marginally coarsely, irregularly, or sometimes obscurely doubly serrate, apex abruptly long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, often covered with minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect to nearly pendulous, nearly cylindric, 1--2.5(--3) × 0.8--1 cm, shattering with fruits in early fall; scales adaxially densely pubescent, lobes diverging distal to middle, central lobe cuneate, acute, much shorter than lateral lobes, lateral lobes divergent, broad, irregularly angular. Samaras with wings much broader than body, broadest near middle, often extended beyond body both apically and basally. 2 n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
color: gray-white
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_lobe_shape shape: cuneate
fruit_scales_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_shape shape: acute
shape: angular
infructescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 5, high: 18, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: deltoid
shape: rhomboic
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
trunk_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula pubescens Trees and shrubs ; trunks 1--many. Bark when young dark reddish brown, in maturity light reddish brown to tan or brownish or grayish white, smooth, rather close or readily exfoliating in paper-thin sheets; lenticels pale, horizontal, in maturity dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, usually covered with short bristly hairs. Leaf blade ovate or rhombic-ovate, margins serrate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to velutinous, especially along major veins and in vein axils, without prominent resinous glands. Fruiting catkins pendulous or subpendulous, cylindric, shattering with fruits in late fall; scales puberulent to glabrous, often ciliate, lobes diverging at middle. Samaras with wings equal to or somewhat broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
color: red-brown
color: tan
color: brown
color: gray-white
bark_surface surface: smooth
catkin_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_scales_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic-ovate
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
trunk_count low: 1
Betulaceae Betula pubescens subsp. pubescens Trees , narrow, to 20 m; trunk usually 1, branches ascending or spreading. Twigs usually without conspicuous resinous glands. Leaf blade broadly ovate to rhomic-ovate, 3--4(--6) × 2--4(--6) cm, base rounded, truncate, or cuneate, margins finely to coarsely toothed or dentate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially moderately pubescent to velutinous, especially along major veins and in vein axils. Fruiting catkins 2--3 × 0.8--1.2 cm; scales puberulent and ciliate, lobes diverging at middle, central lobes ovate to delatate, apex acute to obtuse, lateral lobes divergent, about equal in length, several times broader. Samaras with wings somewhat broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
catkin_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
catkin_lobe_shape shape: ovate
catkin_scales_margin margin: ciliate
catkin_scales_surface surface: puberulent
catkin_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
habit habit: ascending
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: toothed
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
tree_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
trunk_count low: 1
Betulaceae Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa Shrubs , 1--12 m; trunks usually many, often interlacing, branches ascending. Twigs with numerous small resinous glands. Leaf blade ovate, rhombic-ovate, or suborbiculate-rhombic, 1--2.5(--3.5) × 1--2(--3) cm, base cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely serrate or dentate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially moderately pubescent. Infructescences 1--1.5(--2) × 0.4--0.8 cm; scales pubescent to glabrous, often ciliate, central lobe oblong or narrowly triangular, apex acute to obtuse, lateral lobes divergent and ascending, about equal in length but somewhat broader. Samaras with wings about equal in diameter to body, broadest near summit, usually extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
habit habit: ascending
habit: ascending, location: lateral
infructescence_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
infructescence_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: triangular
infructescence_margin margin: ciliate
infructescence_scales_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.4, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: orbicular-rhomboic
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_max: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
shrub_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Betula pumila Shrubs , coarse, irregular, or spreading, to 4 m. Bark dark reddish brown, smooth, close; lenticels pale, inconspicuous. Twigs without taste and odor of wintergreen, glabrous to moderately pubescent, with scattered small resinous glands, especially near nodes. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate, or nearly orbiculate (to sometimes reniform) with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 2.5--5(--7) × 1--5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins crenate to dentate, apex usually broadly acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous or slightly pubescent to heavily velutinous or tomentose, often with scattered resinous glands. Infructescences erect, cylindric, 0.8--1.5(--2) × 0.8--1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous to pubescent, lobes diverging slightly distal to middle, central lobe narrow, elongate, lateral lobes shorter and broader, extended. Samaras with wings slightly narrower than body, broadest near center, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
bark_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
fruit_shape shape: elongate
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: crenate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: reniform
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
shrub_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Betula uber Trees , slender, to 10 m. Bark dark brown, smooth, close. Twigs with taste and odor of wintergreen when crushed, glabrous, covered with small resinous glands. Leaf blade nearly orbiculate to broadly elliptic with 2--6 pairs of lateral veins, 2--5 × 2--4 cm, base rounded to cordate or truncate, margins irregularly serrate or dentate, apex broadly obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered resinous glands. Infructescences erect, ellipsoid-cylindric, 1--2 × 1--1.5 cm, shattering with fruits in fall; scales glabrous, lobes diverging distal to middle, central lobe ascending, shorter than lateral lobes. Samaras with wings narrower than to as wide as body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_scales_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: ascending
infructescence_shape shape: ellipsoid-cylindric
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: truncate
leaf_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: pairs, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
tree_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Betulaceae Betulaceae Trees and shrubs , deciduous. Winter buds stipitate or sessile, with either 2--3 valvate scales (stipules) or few to many imbricate scales (or occasionally naked); terminal bud absent. Leaves alternate, spirally arranged, 2--3-ranked, simple; stipules deciduous, distinct; petioles present. Leaf blade sometimes lobed, pinnately veined, margins toothed, serrate to nearly entire; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially often with resinous glands. Inflorescences unisexual; staminate catkins pendulous, elongate, cylindric, conspicuously bracteate, consisting of crowded, reduced, 1--3-flowered clusters; pistillate inflorescences either of erect to pendulous bracteate catkins, or of compact 2--3-flowered clusters subtended by leafy involucres; bracts often nearly foliaceous or woody in infructescences. Staminate flowers bracteate; stamens (1--)4--6; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, pollen sacs often ± distinct; pistillode sometimes present. Pistillate flowers small, highly reduced; pistil 1, 2(--3)-carpellate; ovary inferior, usually 2-locular proximally, 1-locular distally; placentation axile; ovules 1--2 per locule, pendulous; styles 2, distinct or nearly so; stigmas dry; staminodes usually absent. Fruits nuts, nutlets, or 2-winged samaras, 1-seeded, without multibracteate cupule, often subtended or enclosed by foliaceous hull developed from 2--3 bracts; seed coat membranous; endosperm present, thin at maturity; embryo straight, as long as seed; cotyledons flat or greatly thickened, oily.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_locular_count low: 2
bract_count low: 2, high: 3, location: subtended
bud_count low: 0, location: terminal
carpellate_count low: 2, max: 3
catkin_shape_pistillate shape: pendulous, sex: pistillate
catkin_shape_staminate shape: pendulous, sex: staminate
shape: elongate, sex: staminate
shape: cylindric, sex: staminate
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 3, sex: pistillate, location: subtended
flower_count_staminate low: 1, high: 3, sex: staminate
flower_locular_count low: 1, location: distal
fruit_count low: 2
infructescence_woodiness woodiness: woody
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: toothed
margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_ranked_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: veined
ovary_count low: 1, high: 2, per_part: locule
ovary_locular_count low: 2, location: proximal
ovary_shape shape: pendulous
pistil_count low: 1
seed_count low: 1
seed_shape shape: straight
seed_surface surface: membranous
stamen_count min: 1, low: 4, high: 6
low: 0
stigma_count low: 2
stipule_count low: 1
stipule_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
stipule_scales_shape shape: valvate
Betulaceae Betuloideae Trunks and branches terete. Bark thin, close or exfoliating in thin sheets, becoming thicker and frequently furrowed or broken in age; lenticels often present, prominent, sometimes becoming greatly expanded horizontally. Bark and wood strongly tanniferous. Young twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands; pith triangular in cross section. Leaves 3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked. Staminate flowers: perianth of 4(--6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous. Pistillate flowers 2--3 per scale, scales arranged in conelike catkins; perianth not obvious; ovules with 1 integument. Infructescences 1--4 cm, conelike, composed of many scales; scales either persistent or deciduous with fruits, crowded, small, woody or leathery. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, membranous, sometimes reduced to ridges; pericarp thin, leathery.
Trait Label Trait Data
catkin_scales_shape_pistillate shape: conelike, sex: pistillate
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, high: 3, sex: pistillate
flower_ranked_count low: 2
fruit_scales_duration duration: persistent
fruit_surface surface: membranous
fruit_wing_count low: 2, location: lateral
fruit_woodiness woodiness: woody
infructescence_count low: 1
infructescence_shape shape: conelike
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
pith_ranked_count low: 3
pith_shape shape: triangular
scales_leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
sepal_count low: 4, max: 6
trunk_branch_shape shape: terete
Betulaceae Carpinus Trees , 8--25 m; trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunk and branches irregularly longitudinally ridged, fluted. Bark of trunk and branches bluish to brownish gray, thin, smooth, close [thicker, broken or shredded]; lenticels generally inconspicuous. Wood nearly white to light brown, very hard and heavy, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs conspicuously 2-ranked; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds sessile, ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, apex acute; scales many, imbricate, smooth. Leaves on long and short shoots, 2-ranked. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or obovate with 10 or more pairs of lateral veins, 3--12 × 3--6 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate to serrulate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to tomentose, sometimes covered with small glands. Inflorescences: staminate catkins solitary or in small racemose clusters, lateral, formed previous growing season and enclosed [exposed] in buds during winter, expanding with leaves; pistillate catkins distal to staminate on short, leafy new growth, solitary, ± erect, elongate; bracts and flowers uncrowded. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale, crowded together on pilose receptacle; stamens 3(--6), short; filaments often distinct part way to base; anthers divided into 2 parts, each 1-locular, apex pilose, Pistillate flowers 2 per bract. Infructescences loose racemose clusters of paired bracts, clusters pendulous, elongate; paired bracts deciduous with fruit, expanded, (1--)3-lobed, variously toothed, foliaceous, each bract subtending 1 fruit. Fruits small nutlets, deltoid, longitudinally ribbed, often crowned with persistent sepals and styles. x = 8.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count_pistillate low: 2, sex: pistillate
bract_shape shape: pendulous
shape: elongate
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_count low: 4
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_surface surface: smooth
catkin_count_staminate low: 3, sex: staminate
flower_apex_surface_pistillate surface: pilose, sex: pistillate
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, per_part: bract, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 1, location: subtending
fruit_lobe_count min: 1, low: 3
fruit_margin margin: toothed
habit habit: branching
infructescence_locular_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
leaf_count low: 10, location: lateral
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrulate
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: deltoid
nutlet_venation venation: rib
receptacle_surface_staminate surface: pilose, sex: staminate
sepal_duration duration: persistent
solitary_shape_staminate shape: elongate, sex: staminate
stamen_count low: 3, max: 6
tree_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: blue
color: brown-gray
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_count low: 1
twig_ranked_count low: 2
Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana Trees , to 12 m; trunks short, often crooked, longitudinally or transversely fluted, crowns spreading. Bark gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. Wood whitish, extremely hard, heavy. Winter buds containing inflorescences squarish in cross section, somewhat divergent, 3--4 mm. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3--12 × 3--6 cm, margins doubly serrate, teeth typically obtuse and evenly arranged, primary teeth often not much longer than secondary; surfaces abaxially slightly to moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, with or without conspicuous dark glands. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences 2--6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1--2.5 cm. Infructescences 2.5--12 cm; bracts relatively uncrowded, 2--3.5 × 1.4--2.8 cm, lobes narrow, elongate, apex nearly acute, obtuse, or rounded, central lobe (1--)2--3 cm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: white
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_shape shape: elongate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
inflorescence_lobe_size length_min: 1.0, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
inflorescence_size_pistillate length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_venation venation: vein
tree_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana subsp. caroliniana Trees , to 8 m; trunks short, crooked, shallowly fluted, crowns open, spreading. Bark steel gray or brownish gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. Winter buds containing inflorescences squarish in cross section, 3--4 mm. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to oblong-ovate, 3--8.5(--12) × 3--6 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate, margins doubly serrate, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially slightly to moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, without small dark glands. Infructescences 2.5--7 cm; bracts relatively uncrowded, 2--3 × 1.4--2.3 cm, lobes narrow, elongate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown-gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_shape shape: elongate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.5, length_max: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
infructescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
tree_size length_high: 8.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana Trees , to 12 m; trunks short, crooked, shallowly to deeply and often irregularly fluted, crowns broadly spreading. Bark bluish gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (6--)8--12 × 3.5--6 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate, margins coarsely and unevenly doubly serrate, teeth sharp and slender, secondary teeth almost as large as primary teeth, apex usually abruptly nearly caudate, but sometimes long, gradually tapered; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, covered with numerous tiny, dark brown glands. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences 2--6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1--3 cm. Infructescences 4.5--12 cm; bracts 2.5--3.5 × 1.5--2.8 cm, lobes narrowly triangular, sharp-tipped. 2 n = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: blue-gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_lobe_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
inflorescence_size_pistillate length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_gland_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: slender
leaf_venation venation: vein
tree_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
Betulaceae Coryloideae Trunk and branches terete. Bark thin, close or becoming furrowed or broken into plates; lenticels not conspicuous. Bark and wood tanniferous. Young twigs and buds usually without prominent, large, resinous glands; pith circular to remotely triangular in cross section. Leaves 2-ranked. Staminate flowers: perianth absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per bract; perianth adnate to ovary, often visible as membranaceous fringe at summit; ovules with 2 integuments. Infructescences usually longer than 4 cm, consisting of relatively uncrowded clusters with large, nearly foliaceous bracts; bracts deciduous with fruits. Fruits tiny to moderately large nuts, not winged; pericarp thick and bony.
Trait Label Trait Data
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, per_part: bract, sex: pistillate
infructescence_count low: 2
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
perianth_count low: 0
pith_ranked_count low: 2
pith_shape shape: orbicular
shape: triangular
trunk_branch_shape shape: terete
Betulaceae Corylus Shrubs and trees , 3--15 m; tree trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunks and branches terete. Bark grayish brown, thin, smooth, close, breaking into vertical strips and scales in age; prominent lenticels absent. Wood nearly white to light brown, moderately hard, heavy, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds sessile, broadly ovoid, apex acute; scales several, imbricate, smooth. Leaves on long and short shoots, 2-ranked. Leaf blade broadly ovate with 8 or fewer pairs of lateral veins, 4--12 × 3.5--12 cm, thin, bases often cordate, margins doubly serrate, apex occasionally nearly lobed; surfaces abaxially usually pubescent, sometimes glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins on short shoots lateral on branchlets, in numerous racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and exposed during winter, expanding well before leaves; pistillate catkins distal to staminate catkins, in small clusters of flowers and bracts, reduced, only styles protruding from buds containing them at anthesis, expanding at same time as staminate. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale, congested; stamens 4, divided nearly to base to form 8 half-stamens; filaments very short, adnate with 2 bractlets to bract. Pistillate flowers 2 per bract. Infructescences compact clusters of several fruits, each subtended and surrounded by involucre of bracts, bracts 2, hairy [spiny], expanded, foliaceous, sometimes connate into short to elongate tube. Fruits relatively thin-walled nuts, nearly globose to ovoid, somewhat laterally compressed, longitudinally ribbed. x = 11.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_count low: 2, part_as_loc: to bract
low: 2
bract_margin margin: spiny
bract_surface surface: hairy
bract_tube_shape shape: elongate
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_surface surface: smooth
catkin_count_staminate low: 3, sex: staminate
flower_bract_flower_morphology_staminate flower_morphology: anthesis, sex: staminate, part_as_loc: from buds
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, per_part: bract, sex: pistillate
habit habit: branching
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 8, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
color: brown
lenticel_count low: 0
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
nut_venation venation: rib
shrub_tree_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
stamen_count low: 4
low: 8, subpart_as_loc: to base
trunk_branch_shape shape: terete
trunk_count low: 1
twig_ranked_count low: 2
Betulaceae Corylus americana Shrubs , open, upright, rounded, to 3(--5) m. Bark light gray, smooth. Branches ascending; twigs pubescent, covered with bristly glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences broadly ovoid, 3--4 × 3--4 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Leaves: petiole pubescent, densely glandular-bristly. Leaf blade broadly ovate, often with straight sides and slight lobes near apex, giving them squarish appearance, 5--16 × 4--12 cm, moderately thin, base narrowly cordate to narrowly rounded, margins sharply serrate or obscurely doubly serrate, apex abruptly to long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, velutinous to tomentose along major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral along branchlets on very short shoots, usually in clusters of 1--2, 4--8 × 0.5--0.8 cm; peduncles mostly 1--5 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--5, sometimes partially visible; bracts much enlarged, leaflike, distinct nearly to base, slightly longer than to 2 times length of nuts, apex deeply and irregularly laciniate; bract surfaces downy-pubescent, abaxially stipitate-glandular. 2 n = 22, 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_shape shape: orbicular
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_count low: 28
bract_surface surface: surface
surface: downy
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
branch_count_staminate low: 1, high: 2, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
habit habit: upright
habit: ascending
inflorescence_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_lobe_shape shape: straight
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
nut_apex_shape shape: laciniate
nut_count low: 2, high: 5, count_group: cluster
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_size_staminate length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Corylus avellana Shrubs , broadly spreading, to 5(--8) m. Bark coppery brown, smooth, sometimes exfoliating in thin papery strips. Branches ascending; twigs pubescent, covered with bristly glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences ovoid, 5--6 × 3--4 mm, apex obtuse. Leaves: petiole pubescent, covered with bristly glandular hairs. Leaf blade broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, often nearly angled to lobulate near apex, 5--12 × 4--12 cm, moderately thin, base narrowly cordate to narrowly rounded, margins coarsely and doubly serrate, apex abruptly acuminate, abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, velutinous to tomentose along major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral along branchlets on relatively long short shoots, usually in clusters of 2--4, 3--8 × 0.7--1 cm; peduncles mostly 5--12 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--4; bracts much enlarged, distinct nearly to base, expanded, shorter than to only slightly longer than nuts, apex deeply lobed; bract surfaces pubescent. 2 n = 22, 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_low: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_count low: 28
bract_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
branch_count_staminate low: 2, high: 4, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_apex_shape shape: obtuse
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_margin margin: lobulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
nut_count low: 2, high: 4, count_group: cluster
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
petiole_hair_surface surface: glandular
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Corylus cornuta Shrubs or trees , open-spreading, 4--8(--15) m. Bark light to dark brown, smooth. Branches ascending; twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent, sometimes with glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences ovoid, 3--5 × 3--4 mm, acute. Leaves: petiole glabrous to moderately pubescent, with or without glandular hairs. Leaf blade nearly orbiculate to narrowly ovate or ovate-oblong, often nearly angular and slightly lobulate near apex, 4--10 × 3.5--12 cm, thin to leathery, base narrowly cordate to narrowly rounded, margins coarsely and often irregularly doubly serrate, apex obtuse to acute or acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to moderately pubescent, usually pubescent on major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral along branchlets on short shoots, usually in clusters of 2--3, 4--6 × 0.5--0.8 cm; peduncles 0.5--10 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--6, completely concealed; bracts bristly, connate at summit, lengthened into extended tubular beak.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
beak_shape shape: tubular
branch_count_staminate low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: acute
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_margin margin: lobulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: angular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
nut_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: cluster
nut_size_staminate length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_hair_surface surface: glandular
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Corylus cornuta subsp. californica Shrubs or trees , open-spreading, to 8(--15) m; trunks usually several. Bark dark brown to blackish. Branches ascending; twigs sparsely to moderately pubescent, bearing glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences broadly ovoid, 3--5 × 3--5 mm, apex acute. Leaves: petiole pubescent, often bearing well-developed glandular hairs. Leaf blade nearly orbiculate or broadly elliptic, 4--7 × 3.5--7 cm, leathery, base nearly cordate, margins coarsely doubly serrate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxially moderately pubescent, villous to tomentose on major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins usually in clusters of 2--3, 4--6 × 0.5--0.8 cm; peduncles mostly 5--10 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--4; involucral tubular beak less than 2 times length of nuts, hispid. 2 n = 22.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
beak_shape shape: tubular
catkin_count_staminate low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_apex_shape shape: acute
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_axil_surface surface: villose
surface: tomentose
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
nut_count low: 2, high: 4, count_group: cluster
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: hispid
petiole_hair_surface surface: glandular
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
trunk_size length_low: 8.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: m
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Corylus cornuta subsp. cornuta Shrubs , open spreading, to (4--)6 m. Bark light brown, smooth. Branches ascending; twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent, without glandular hairs. Winter buds containing inflorescences ovoid, 3--5 × 3--4 mm, apex acute. Leaves: petiole glabrous to moderately pubescent, without glandular hairs. Leaf blade ovate to obovate or narrowly elliptic, often nearly angular and lobulate near apex, 5--12 × 3.5--9 cm, base narrowly cordate to narrowly rounded, margins coarsely and often irregularly doubly serrate, apex usually distinctly acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to moderately pubescent, usually pubescent on major veins and in vein axils. Inflorescences: staminate catkins usually in clusters of 2--3, 4.5--6 × 0.5--0.8 cm; peduncles mostly 0.5--2 mm. Nuts in clusters of 2--6; involucral tubular beak long, narrow, 2--3(--4) times length of nuts, densely bristly. 2 n = 22, 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_min: 4.0, length_low: 6.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
beak_shape shape: tubular
catkin_count_staminate low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster, sex: staminate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.8, width_units: cm, sex: staminate
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_apex_shape shape: acute
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_margin margin: lobulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: angular
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
nut_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: cluster
low: 28
nut_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_hair_surface surface: glandular
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Ostrya Trees , 9--18 m; trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunk and branches terete. Bark of trunk and branches brownish gray to light brown, thin, smooth, breaking and shredding into shaggy vertical strips and scales; lenticels generally inconspicuous. Wood nearly white to light brown, very hard and heavy, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs conspicuously 2-ranked; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds sessile, ovoid, somewhat laterally compressed, apex acute; scales many, imbricate, longitudinally striate. Leaves on long and short shoots, 2-ranked. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or obovate with 10 or more pairs of lateral veins, 2.5--13 × 1.5--6 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate to serrulate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to tomentose. Inflorescences: staminate catkins terminal on branches, mostly in small, racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and exposed during winter, expanding with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate on short, lateral, leafy new growth, solitary, ± erect, elongate, bracts and flowers uncrowded. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per bract, crowded together on pilose receptacle; stamens 3(--6), short; filaments often divided part way to base; anthers divided into 2 parts, each 1-locular, apex pilose. Pistillate flowers 2 per bract. Infructescences loosely imbricate, strobiloid clusters of closed inflated bracts; clusters pendulous, elongate; bracts deciduous with fruit, inflated, bladderlike, each bract enclosing 1 fruit. Fruits small nutlets, ovoid, longitudinally ribbed, often crowned with persistent sepals and styles. x = 8.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_apex_surface surface: pilose
anther_count low: 2
bract_flower_shape_staminate shape: elongate, sex: staminate
bract_shape shape: pendulous
shape: elongate
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_venation venation: striate
catkin_count_staminate low: 3, per_part: bract, sex: staminate
filament_locular_count low: 1
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, per_part: bract, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 1
habit habit: branching
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_count low: 10, location: lateral
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrulate
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_venation venation: rib
receptacle_surface_staminate surface: pilose, sex: staminate
sepal_duration duration: persistent
stamen_count low: 3, max: 6
tree_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: m
trunk_branch_color color: brown-gray
color: brown
trunk_branch_shape shape: terete
trunk_branch_surface surface: smooth
trunk_count low: 1
twig_ranked_count low: 2
Betulaceae Ostrya chisosensis Trees , to 12 m; crowns open, cylindric. Bark brownish gray, broken into narrow vertical strips. Twigs sparsely to moderately pubescent, without stipitate glands. Leaves: petiole glabrous or pubescent, without stipitate glands. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5--5 × 2--3 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate or cuneate, margins finely doubly serrate, apex obtuse to acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent, especially along veins. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 3--4 cm; pistillate catkins 0.8--1.5 cm. Infructescences 2--4 × 1.5--2.5 cm; bracts 1--1.8 × 0.5--1 cm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown-gray
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
catkin_size_pistillate length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
tree_shape shape: cylindric
tree_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Ostrya knowltonii Trees , to 9 m; crowns open, narrowly rounded. Bark brownish gray, broken into narrow vertical scales or rather ragged strips. Twigs sparsely to moderately pubescent, often with stipitate glands. Leaves: petiole covered with stipitate glands. Leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic or nearly orbiculate, 2.5--6.5 × 1.5--5 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate or cuneate, margins sharply and unevenly doubly serrate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pubescent, especially on veins. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 2--3 cm; pistillate catkins 0.6--1 cm. Infructescences 2.5--4 × 1.8--2.5 cm; bracts 1--1.8 × 0.5--1 cm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown-gray
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
catkin_size_pistillate length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
tree_shape shape: orbicular
tree_size length_high: 9.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana Trees , to 18 m; trunks short, crowns open, narrow to broadly rounded. Bark grayish brown or steel gray, shredding into narrow, sometimes rather ragged, vertical strips. Twigs sparsely pubescent to densely velutinous. Leaves: petiole glabrous to pubescent, without stipitate glands. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, (5--)8--10(--13) × 4--5(--6) cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate or cuneate, margins sharply and unevenly doubly serrate, apex usually abruptly acuminate, sometimes acute or gradually tapering; surfaces abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent (or sometimes densely villous), especially on major veins. Inflorescences: staminate catkins 2--5 cm; pistillate catkins 0.8--1.5 cm. Flowering with leaves in late spring. Infructescences 3.5--6.5 × 2--2.5 cm; bracts 1--1.8 × 0.8--1 cm. 2 n = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: gray
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
catkin_size_pistillate length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
infructescence_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: acute
shape: tapering
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: m
trunk_shape shape: orbicular
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Casuarinaceae Casuarina Young persistent branchlets distinguished from deciduous branchlets by shorter segments and differences in shape or size of leaves; furrows deep and closed, concealing stomates. Infructescences pedunculate, pubescent at least when immature; bracts thin in exposed portion, not vertically expanded; bracteoles ± protruding from surface of infructescence, never greatly thickened, always lacking dorsal protuberance. Samaras pale yellow-brown or grayish, dull, glabrous. x = 9.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_surface surface: surface
branch_duration duration: persistent
fruit_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
fruit_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana
Trait Label Trait Data
Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana Trees , 15-35 m, usually not suckering. Bark gray-brown, finely fissured and scaly. Branchlets drooping in vigorous specimens, erect in depauperate specimens; segments 6-9 × 0.4-0.6 mm, sparsely and minutely pubescent in furrows, not waxy, edges of furrows often marked (when dry) by slight ridge; longitudinal ridges angular with median rib; teeth marcescent, [6-]8-10, erect, 0.3-0.5 mm. Young permanent shoots with erect to spreading teeth. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate spikes 0.4-4 cm, 11-13 whorls per cm; anthers 0.4-0.7 mm. Infructescences sparsely pubescent; peduncles 2-9 mm; infructescence body 7-14 × 4-6 mm; bracteoles broadly acute [to acute]. Samaras 3-4 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_size length_low: 0.4, length_high: 0.7, length_units: mm
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: acute
shape: acute
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.4, width_high: 0.6, width_units: mm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
branch_tooth_duration duration: marcescent
branch_venation venation: rib
flower_count min: 6, low: 8, high: 10
flower_tooth_size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 0.5, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
spikes_count low: 11, high: 13
spikes_size_staminate length_low: 0.4, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
tree_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia
Trait Label Trait Data
Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. equisetifolia Trees , 7-35 m, not suckering. Bark gray-brown to black, scaly. Branchlets drooping; segments 5-8[-13] × 0.5-0.7[-1] mm, usually densely pubescent at least in furrows, not waxy; longitudinal ridges angular with median rib; teeth not marcescent, (6-)7-8, erect, 0.3-0.8 mm. Young permanent shoots with erect to spreading teeth. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plant. Staminate spikes 0.7-4 cm, 7-11.5 whorls per cm; anthers 0.6-0.8 mm. Infructescences sparsely pubescent [tomentose]; peduncles 3-10 mm; infructescence body 12-24 × 9-11 mm; bracteoles acute. Samaras 6-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 0.8, length_units: mm
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: black
bract_shape shape: acute
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.7, width_max: 1.0, width_units: mm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
branch_tooth_duration duration: marcescent
branch_venation venation: rib
flower_count min: 6, low: 7, high: 8
flower_tooth_size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 0.8, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
spikes_size_staminate length_low: 0.7, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Trees , 8-20 m, frequently producing root suckers. Bark gray-brown, finely fissured and scaly. Branchlets drooping; segments 8-20 × 0.9-1.2 mm, glabrous, occasionally waxy; longitudinal ridges flat to slightly rounded-convex; teeth usually marcescent, 12-17, erect, 0.6-0.9 mm. Young permanent shoots with long-recurved teeth. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate spikes 1.2-4 cm, 7-10 whorls per cm; anthers ca. 0.8 mm. Infructescences rust-colored to white-pubescent, becoming glabrous; peduncles 3-12 mm; infructescence body 9-18 × 7-9 mm; bracteoles broadly acute. Samaras 3.5-5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_size length_low: 0.8, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: acute
branch_shape shape: orbicular-convex
branch_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: mm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
branch_tooth_duration duration: marcescent
branch_tooth_shape shape: recurved
flower_count low: 12, high: 17
flower_tooth_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 0.9, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_color color: white
infructescence_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
spikes_count low: 7, high: 10
spikes_size_staminate length_low: 1.2, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
tree_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Trees [or shrubs], evergreen. Photosynthetic branchlets slender, wiry, with several very short, basal segments and 1-numerous elongate segments; segments terete [quadrangular], with as many longitudinal ridges as leaves; ridges separated by furrows containing stomates. Leaves reduced to small teeth in whorls of [4-]6-17 at apex of each segment of photosynthetic branchlets. Inflorescences of alternating whorls of flowers, each flower subtended by toothlike bract and 2 bracteoles, bracteoles usually persistent, lateral, scalelike; staminate inflorescences catkinlike spikes, short to elongate; pistillate inflorescences heads, globular to ovoid. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different plants. Staminate flowers : sepals deciduous at anthesis, 1-2, hooded, scalelike; stamen 1; anthers basifixed, 2-locular. Pistillate flowers : perianth absent; pistil 1, compound, 2-carpellate, 1 fertile, the other usually reduced or absent; ovules 2, an additional 2 abortive ovules in reduced carpel; styles 2-branched, reddish. Infructescences ± woody, cylindric, conelike; floral bracteoles 2, enlarged as lateral valves. Fruits compressed, winged nuts (samaras). Seeds 1 in each samara.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_locular_count low: 2
bract_count low: 2, location: subtended
low: 2
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_count low: 1, location: basal
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: elongate
carpel_color color: red
carpel_count low: 2
carpel_shape shape: branched
carpellate_count low: 2
flower_count low: 1
head_shape_pistillate shape: ovoid, sex: pistillate
infructescence_count low: 0
infructescence_shape shape: cylindric
shape: conelike
infructescence_woodiness woodiness: woody
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: terete
leaf_tooth_count min: 4, low: 6, high: 17, subpart_as_loc: at apex
ovary_count low: 2
low: 2
perianth_count low: 0
pistil_count low: 1
seed_count low: 1
sepal_count low: 1, high: 2
sepal_flower_morphology flower_morphology: anthesis
spikes_shape_staminate shape: elongate, sex: staminate
stamen_count low: 1
Fagaceae Castanea Trees or shrubs , winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn. Inflorescences staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flowers 1-3 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 6(-9). Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors); cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut(s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs; nuts 1-3 per cupule, plano-convex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_count low: 0, location: terminal
carpel_count low: 6, max: 9
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, high: 3, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 1
inflorescence_reproduction_pistillate reproduction: androgynous, sex: pistillate, location: distal
inflorescence_reproduction_staminate reproduction: androgynous, sex: staminate
inflorescence_shape_staminate shape: spicate, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: tooth
leaf_scales_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: ovoid
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
venation: vein
nut_count low: 2, high: 4
low: 1, high: 3
low: 3
nut_margin margin: spiny
nut_shape shape: branched
shape: convex
pistil_hair_surface surface: silky
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
solitary_hair_count low: 1
solitary_shape shape: orbicular
stamen_count low: 12, max: 18
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanea dentata Trees , often massive, formerly to 30 m, now persisting mostly as multistemmed resprouts to 5-10 m because of widespread destruction by blight. Bark gray, smooth when young, furrowed in age. Twigs glabrous. Leaves: petiole (8-)10-30(-40) mm. Leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 90-300 × 30-100 mm, base cuneate, margins sharply serrate, each tooth triangular, gradually tapering to awn often more than 2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces abaxially often without stellate trichomes, appearing glabrous but with evenly distributed, minute, multicellular, embedded glands between veins and sparse, straight, simple trichomes concentrated on veins, stellate or tufted trichomes absent. Staminate flowers with conspicuous pistillodes, whitish or yellowish straight hairs in center of flower. Pistillate flowers 3 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 4-valved, enclosing 3 flowers/fruits, valves irregularly dehiscing along 4 sutures at maturity, spines of cupule essentially glabrous, with a few scattered simple trichomes; nuts 3 per cupule, obovate, 18-25 × 18-25 mm, flattened on 1 or both sides, beak to 8mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
beak_count low: 1
beak_size length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
flower_count low: 3
flower_count_pistillate low: 3, sex: pistillate
flower_trichome_count low: 0
low: 1
fruit_count low: 4
fruit_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_valve_count low: 4
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: tooth
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: triangular
shape: tapering
shape: straight
leaf_size length_low: 90.0, length_high: 300.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 100.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_trichome_surface surface: surface
leaf_trichome_venation venation: vein
nut_count low: 3
nut_shape shape: obovate
nut_size length_low: 18.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 18.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: mm
pistil_hair_color_staminate color: white, sex: staminate
color: yellow, sex: staminate
pistil_hair_shape_staminate shape: straight, sex: staminate
pistil_trichome_count low: 1
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Castanea ozarkensis Trees, occasionally shrubs , previously often massive, to 20 m, now rarely more than 10 m, mostly resprouting following blight. Bark brownish, deeply or moderately fissured. Twigs glabrous when young. Leaves: petiole usually (8-)10-15 mm. Leaf blade narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, (40-)120-200(-260) × 30-100 mm, base rounded to slightly cordate or slightly cuneate, margins sharply serrate, each lateral vein terminating in cuneate, gradually acuminate tooth with awn usually more than 2 mm, apex acute or acuminate; surfaces abaxially densely to sparsely covered with appressed, whitish, minute, stellate trichomes, sometimes essentially glabrate, especially on shade leaves, veins glabrous or with a few simple trichomes. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower/fruit, valves irregularly dehiscing along 2 sutures, longest spines usually more than 10 mm; nut 1 per cupule, oval-conic, 9-19 × 8-14 mm, round in cross section, not flattened, beak less than 3mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: m
beak_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm
flower_count low: 1
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 2
fruit_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
fruit_valve_count low: 2
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: acuminate-tooth
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
leaf_trichome_count low: 1
leaf_trichome_shape shape: stellate
leaf_trichome_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_venation venation: vein
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 40.0, length_low: 120.0, length_high: 200.0, length_max: 260.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 100.0, width_units: mm
shrub_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Castanea pumila Shrubs or trees , to 15 m, often rhizomatous. Bark gray to brown, smooth to slightly fissured. Twigs puberulent with spreading hairs, occasionally glabrate with age. Leaves: petiole 3-7(-10) mm. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, 40-210 × 20-80 mm, base rounded to cordate, margins obscurely to sharply serrate, each abruptly acuminate tooth with awn usually less than 2 mm; surfaces abaxially typically densely covered with appressed stellate or erect-woolly, whitish to brown trichomes, sometimes essentially glabrate especially on shade leaves, veins often minutely puberulent. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower, valves irregularly dehiscing along 2 sutures, longest spines usually less than 10 mm; nut 1 per cupule, ovate-conic, 7-21 × 7-19 mm, round in cross section, not flattened, beak less than 3mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
beak_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm
flower_count low: 1
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
flower_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 21.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 19.0, width_units: mm
fruit_count low: 2
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: acuminate-tooth
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 210.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 80.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: puberulent
leaf_trichome_color color: white
color: brown
leaf_valve_count low: 2
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
twig_hair_surface surface: puberulent
twig_surface surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Chrysolepis Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Terminal buds present, ovoid or subglobose, scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, often persistent around buds. Leaf blade thick, leathery, margins entire or obscurely toothed, secondary veins obscure, branching and anastomosing before reaching margin. Inflorescences staminate or androgynous, axillary, clustered at ends of branches, spicate, ascending, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens (6-)12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flowers (1-)3 or more per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 3. Fruits: maturation in 2d year following pollination (termed biennial by many authors); cupule 2-several-valved, valves distinct, completely enclosing nuts, densely spiny, spines irregularly branched, interlocking, without simple hairs, with large, yellowish, multicellular glands; nuts (1-)3-several per cupule, 3-angled to rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts separated from each other by internal cupule valves. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_shape_staminate shape: spicate, sex: staminate
bud_duration duration: persistent
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
carpel_count low: 3
flower_count_pistillate min: 1, low: 3, sex: pistillate
fruit_hair_count low: 1
habit habit: branching
habit_staminate habit: ascending, sex: staminate
inflorescence_reproduction_pistillate reproduction: androgynous, sex: pistillate, location: distal
inflorescence_reproduction_staminate reproduction: androgynous, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: yellow
nut_count low: 2
min: 1, low: 3
low: 3
nut_margin margin: spiny
nut_shape shape: branched
shape: orbicular
pistil_hair_surface surface: silky
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
stamen_count min: 6, low: 12, max: 18
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Chrysolepis chrysophylla Trees or erect shrubs , to 45 m. Bark thick, rough. Twigs densely covered with tight, yellowish, peltate trichomes. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm. Leaf blade flat or folded upward along midvein, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces abaxially usually golden or brownish with dense glandular trichomes. Fruits: cupule yellowish, 20-60 mm thick, densely spiny, surface obscured; nut light brown, (6-)8-12(-15) mm, glabrous, completely enclosed by cupule until maturity.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_high: 45.0, length_units: m
fruit_color color: yellow
fruit_margin margin: spiny
fruit_size thickness_low: 20.0, thickness_high: 60.0, thickness_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: surface
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_trichome_color color: golden
color: brown
leaf_trichome_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
twig_trichome_shape shape: peltate
Fagaceae Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. minor
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Chrysolepis sempervirens Shrubs , rhizomatous-spreading, 0.2-1(-2.5) m. Bark gray or brown, thin, smooth. Twigs densely covered with tight, yellowish, peltate trichomes. Leaves: petiole 10-15 mm. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, to 75 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse, occasionally somewhat acute; surfaces abaxially rusty or golden pubescent, often becoming glabrate and glaucous with age. Fruits: cupule yellowish, 20-60 mm thick, densely spiny, surface obscured; nut light brown, 8-13 mm, glabrous, completely enclosed by cupule until maturity.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 1.0, length_max: 2.5, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_color color: yellow
fruit_margin margin: spiny
fruit_size thickness_low: 20.0, thickness_high: 60.0, thickness_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: surface
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_color color: golden
color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_high: 75.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_color color: brown
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
twig_trichome_shape shape: peltate
Fagaceae Fagaceae Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous. Winter buds sessile, with few to many imbricate scales (2 valvate scales enclosing imbricate scales in Castanea ); terminal bud present or absent. Leaves alternate, spirally arranged, simple; stipules deciduous (usually), distinct, scarious; petiole present. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, pinnately veined, margins serrate, dentate, or entire; surfaces usually pubescent, at least when young, sometimes with scales. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous catkins; staminate and androgynous catkins spicate or capitate, rigid, flexible, or lax, consisting of few- to many-flowered clusters, bracts present or absent; pistillate catkins rigid or flexible, with 1-several spicately arranged, rarely solitary, terminal cupules bearing 1-3(-15 or more) pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers bracteate, bracts often caducous; sepals (3-)4-6(-8); stamens (3-)6-12(-18 or more); petals absent; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, pollen sacs contiguous; pistillode often present and indurate, or vestigial as central tuft of trichomes. Pistillate flowers: calyx of 4-6 distinct or connate sepals; petals absent; pistil 1, 3(-6 or more)-carpellate; ovary inferior, locules as many as carpels; placentation axile; ovules pendulous, 2 in each locule, all but 1 in each pistil usually aborting; styles as many as carpels, distinct to base; stigmas dry; staminodes present or absent. Fruits nuts, sometimes winged, 1-seeded, subtended or enclosed individually or in groups of 2-3(-15) by scaly or spiny, multibracteate cupule; seed coat membranous; endosperm none; embryo straight, as long as seed; cotyledons fleshy, starchy or oily.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_locular_count low: 2
bract_count low: 18
bract_count_staminate low: 0, sex: staminate
bud_count low: 0, location: terminal
bud_scales_count low: 2
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
carpel_count low: 3
catkin_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
catkin_reproduction_staminate reproduction: androgynous, sex: staminate
catkin_reproduction_unisexual reproduction: androgynous, sex: unisexual
catkin_shape_staminate shape: spicate, sex: staminate
shape: capitate, sex: staminate
count_suffix count_suffix: flower
count_suffix: carpellate
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, high: 3, sex: pistillate, location: terminal
low: 15, sex: pistillate, location: terminal
habit_staminate habit: lax, sex: staminate
habit: caducous, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_shape shape: unlobed
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: dentate
margin: entire
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: veined
locule_count low: 2
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_margin margin: spiny, location: subtended
ovary_count low: 6
ovary_shape shape: pendulous
petal_count low: 0
low: 0
pistil_count low: 1
low: 1
seed_count low: 1
seed_shape shape: straight
seed_surface surface: membranous
sepal_count min: 3, low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
low: 4, high: 6
stamen_count min: 3, low: 6, high: 12
low: 0
stipule_count low: 1
Fagaceae Fagus Trees , winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
carpel_count low: 3
flower_count_pistillate low: 2, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 1
habit_staminate habit: lax, sex: staminate
inflorescence_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
inflorescence_shape_staminate shape: capitate, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: tooth
leaf_shape shape: acute
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
venation: vein
nut_count low: 4
low: 2
nut_surface surface: prickly
surface: surface
pistil_count low: 0
sepal_count low: 3
sepal_valve_count low: 0
stamen_count low: 6, high: 16
Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia Trees , to 20(-30) m. Bark gray, smooth. Twigs glabrous at maturity, or with scattered, straight, silky, simple hairs, prominent ringlike bud scale scars at beginning of each year's growth. Buds narrowly fusiform, to 15-20 mm, apex acute, scales few, silky light brown or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-12 mm. Leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, rarely obovate, 60-120 × 25-75 mm, base cuneate or subacute, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with scattered straight silky hairs, these often concentrated on midrib, occasionally glabrous or much more villous. Fruits: cupule brown to reddish brown, 15-20(-25) mm, opening at maturity to reveal nuts; nut 15-20 × 10-18 mm wide, glabrous or puberulent, often hollow even when full-sized.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: brown
bud_hair_count low: 1
bud_shape shape: fusiform
bud_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: silky
surface: silky
surface: glabrous
fruit_color color: brown
color: red-brown
fruit_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: subacute
leaf_hair_shape shape: straight
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: silky
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 60.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 25.0, width_high: 75.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
twig_shape shape: straight
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Lithocarpus Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Terminal buds present, ovate, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, persistent around buds. Leaf blade leathery, margins entire or obscurely toothed to serrate, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin. Inflorescences staminate and androgynous, axillary, often appearing terminal and branched by reduction of leaves, spicate, erect or ascending, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18 or more) typically surrounding indurated pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 2d year following pollination; cupule cup-shaped, without any indication of valves, covering proximal portion of nut, scaly, spines absent, scales strongly reflexed, hooked at tip; nut 1 per cupule, round in cross section, not winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_duration duration: persistent
bud_shape shape: ovate
carpel_count low: 3
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
fruit_shape shape: cup-shaped
habit_staminate habit: ascending, sex: staminate
inflorescence_reproduction_pistillate reproduction: androgynous, sex: pistillate, location: distal
inflorescence_reproduction_staminate reproduction: androgynous, sex: staminate
inflorescence_shape_staminate shape: branched, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
margin: serrate
leaf_shape_staminate shape: spicate, sex: staminate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_count low: 0
low: 1
nut_shape shape: orbicular
pistil_hair_count low: 18
pistil_hair_surface surface: silky
stamen_hair_count low: 12
Fagaceae Lithocarpus densiflorus Shrubs or trees , to 20(-45) m. Bark gray or brown, smooth or deeply furrowed. Twigs densely yellowish tomentose. Leaf blade adaxially convex, to 60-120 mm, leathery to brittle, margins often revolute, regularly toothed, teeth prominent to obscure; surfaces abaxially prominently and densely woolly, often glabrate at maturity, revealing gray or bluish green waxy surface, veins often distally impressed. Fruits: cup scales subulate, spreading to strongly recurved, hooked; nut yellowish brown, globose to cylindric-tapered, to 15-35 mm, extremely hard, densely tomentose, eventually glabrate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 45.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
fruit_scales_shape shape: subulate
fruit_shape shape: recurved
leaf_color color: gray
color: blue-green
leaf_margin margin: toothed
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: convex
leaf_size length_low: 60.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: distal
venation: impressed, location: distal
nut_color color: yellow-brown
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: cylindric
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus Trees , to 20(-45) m. Twigs densely tomentose. Leaves convex adaxially, to 120 mm, veins often impressed adaxially. Fruits: cup scales spreading to strongly recurved.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_scales_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: convex
leaf_size length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: impressed
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 45.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Lithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides Shrubs , ascending, to 2(-3)m. Twigs densely tomentose. Leaf blade usually flat, to 60mm, veins not deeply impressed. Fruits: cup scales usually strongly recurved.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_scales_shape shape: recurved
habit habit: ascending
leaf_size length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: impressed
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_size length_low: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus Trees or shrubs , evergreen or winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds spheric to ovoid, terete or angled, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules deciduous and inconspicuous (except in Quercus sadleriana ). Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, thin or leathery, margins entire, toothed, or awned-toothed, secondary veins either unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, or branching and anastomosing before reaching margin. Inflorescences unisexual, in axils of leaves or bud scales, usually clustered at base of new growth; staminate inflorescences lax, spicate; pistillate inflorescences usually stiff, with terminal cupule and sometimes 1-several sessile, lateral cupules. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens (2-)6(-12), surrounding tuft of silky hairs (apparently a reduced pistillode). Pistillate flower 1 per cupule; sepals connate; carpels and styles 3(-6). Fruits: maturation annual or biennial; cup variously shaped (saucer- to cup- or bowl- to goblet-shaped), without indication of valves, covering base of nut (rarely whole nut), scaly, scales imbricate or reduced to tubercles, not or weakly reflexed, never hooked; nut 1 per cup, round in cross section, not winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: terete
carpel_count low: 3, max: 6
count_suffix count_suffix: tooth
flower_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate, location: terminal
low: 1, sex: pistillate
habit habit: branching
habit_staminate habit: lax, sex: staminate
inflorescence_shape_staminate shape: spicate, sex: staminate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_shape shape: unlobed
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: orbicular
pistil_hair_surface surface: silky
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
plant_duration: biennial
stamen_count min: 2, low: 6, max: 12
Fagaceae Quercus Sect. Lobatae Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Bark gray to dark brown or black, smooth or furrowed. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually retuse, rarely apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx free from ovary, forming free skirt or flange; styles linear-spatulate. Acorns: maturation biennial, rarely annual; cup with scales distinct, flat, thin, rarely somewhat keeled or tuberculate; nut with inner wall silky-tomentose, abortive ovules apical (rarely in some species variable in position or subbasal), seed coat adhering to seed at maturity. Cotyledons distinct, rarely partially connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_shape shape: retuse
shape: apiculate
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
color: black
bark_surface surface: smooth
calyx_lobe_count low: 2, high: 6
calyx_shape shape: linear-spatulate
shape: keeled
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_shape shape: unlobed
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
ovary_surface surface: silky
surface: tomentose
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
plant_duration: annual
Fagaceae Quercus Sect. Protobalanus Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Bark grayish white to reddish brown, scaly to smooth with furrows. Leaf blade never lobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually spinose. Staminate flowers: calyx 5-6-lobed; anthers attenuate-apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles short and dilated to long and abruptly enlarged. Acorns: maturation biennial; cup pedunculate, cup scales distinct or laterally connate, base thickened and corky (tuberculate); nut with inner wall densely to sparsely tomentose, abortive ovules apical to lateral or basal, sometimes variable within individual plants, seed coats adhering to seed, sometimes to fruit wall at maturity. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_shape shape: attenuate-apiculate
bark_color color: gray-white
color: red-brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
calyx_lobe_count low: 5, high: 6
calyx_shape shape: dilated
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
ovary_surface surface: tomentose
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Quercus Sect. Quercus Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Bark nearly white, gray, brown, or black, smooth, scaly, flaky, or rarely furrowed. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present acute or spinose, never bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually somewhat apiculate, occasionally retuse. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles usually abruptly enlarged or dilated, sometimes gradually enlarged to subulate. Acorns: maturation annual; cup with scales distinct or laterally connate, keeled or with bases thickened and corky (tuberculate); nut with inner wall glabrate or minutely tomentulose near base and apex, abortive ovules basal, seed coats adhering to fruit wall at maturity. Cotyledons distinct or connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_shape shape: apiculate
shape: retuse
bark_color color: white
color: gray
color: brown
color: black
bark_surface surface: smooth
calyx_base_shape shape: keeled
calyx_lobe_count low: 2, high: 6
calyx_shape shape: dilated
shape: subulate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_shape shape: unlobed
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_tooth_shape shape: acute
nut_base_surface surface: glabrate
ovary_base_surface surface: tomentulose
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
Fagaceae Quercus acerifolia Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark dark gray to almost black, sometimes becoming rough and furrowed. Twigs grayish brown to reddish brown, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds gray to grayish brown, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 3.5-5.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 20-45 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade oblate to broadly elliptic, 70-140 × (60-)100-150(-180) mm, base cordate-truncate to obtuse, margins with 5-7(-9) lobes and 11-48 awns, lobes ovate-oblong or markedly distally expanded, the middle or apical pairs often overlapping, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with prominent axillary tufts of tomentum, occasionally with scattered pubescence, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to cup-shaped, 4-7 mm high × 10-20 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface light brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often with pale margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid to oblong, 10.5-20 × 9-15 mm, glabrous or pubescent, scar diam. 5-9 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: black
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: gray, location: terminal
color: gray-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate-truncate
shape: obtuse
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 7, max: 9
leaf_lobe_shape shape: ovate-oblong
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
length_low: 70.0, length_high: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 60.0, width_low: 100.0, width_high: 150.0, width_max: 180.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
color: red-brown
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 4.0, height_high: 7.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.5, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
petiole_lobe_count low: 11, high: 48
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus agrifolia Trees , evergreen, to 25 m. Bark gray to dark brown or black, ridges broad, rounded. Twigs brown to red-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., with scattered pubescence or uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, occasionally subconic, 3-6(-7) mm, glabrous except for cilia along scale margins. Leaves: petiole 4-15(-18) mm, sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to ovate or oblong, 15-75 × 10-40 mm, base rounded or cordate, margins entire or spinose, with up to 24 awns, apex blunt to attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with small axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially distinctly convex, rugose, glabrous, occasionally densely uniformly pubescent. Acorns annual; cup turbinate to cup- or bowl-shaped, rarely saucer-shaped, 9-13 mm high × 9-15 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent on innermost 1/3 to uniformly pubescent, scales acute, tips loose; nut ovoid to oblong or conic, 15-35 × 10-15 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 3.5-8 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
color: black
bark_shape shape: orbicular
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_cilia_surface surface: glabrous
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 24
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: convex
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 75.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_scales_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 9.0, height_high: 13.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 18.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus ajoensis Shrubs, rarely trees , evergreen, to 2-3 m. Bark gray, scaly or furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-2 mm diam., inconspicuously short stellate-pubescent or glabrate. Buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or globose, 1-1.5 mm, variously short stellate-pubescent, tomentose, or glabrate. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-4 m. Leaf blade ovate to narrowly ovate or oblong, (10-)15-35(-50) × (5-)10-20(-30) mm, rather leathery, base cordate, rarely rounded, margins crispate, sometimes flat, cartilaginous, with 4-6(-8) long-attenuate, spinose-awned teeth on each side, secondary veins 5-8 on each side, whitish, apex acute or obtuse with bristly distal teeth; surfaces abaxially blue-green, waxy-glaucous, microscopically papillose, glabrous, sometimes sparsely stellate-pubescent along midrib, adaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous or sparingly stellate-pubescent along midrib, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns solitary or paired on thin axillary peduncle (5-)30-50 mm; cup shallowly cup-shaped, thin, 3-4 mm deep × 6-8(-10) mm wide, enclosing only base of nut, scales brownish, moderately tuberculate, pubescent; nut oblong to narrowly ovoid, 12-15 × 5-8 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
shape: stellate
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_color color: white
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
leaf_count low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: attenuate
shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_max: 50.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 5.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 30.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_scales_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_max: 10.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_count low: 5, high: 8
petiole_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: m
trees_missing missing_part: rarely tree
twig_color color: brown
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus alba Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs green or reddish, becoming gray, 2-3(-4) mm diam., initially pubescent, soon glabrous. Buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (4-)10-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (79-)120-180(-230) × (40-)70-110(-165) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes often narrow, rounded distally, sinuses extending 1/3-7/8 distance to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green, with numerous whitish or reddish erect hairs, these quickly shed as leaf expands, adaxially light gray-green, dull or glossy. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 25(-50) mm; cup hemispheric, enclosing 1/4 nut, scales closely appressed, finely grayish tomentose; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (12-)15-21(-25) × 9-18 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: green
color: gray-green
leaf_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: white
color: red
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: arched
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_min: 79.0, length_low: 120.0, length_high: 180.0, length_max: 230.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 40.0, width_low: 70.0, width_high: 110.0, width_max: 165.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_min: 12.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 21.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_low: 25.0, length_max: 50.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 4.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: green
color: red
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus arizonica Trees , evergreen or subevergreen, small to moderate-sized trees, rarely to 18 m. Bark scaly. Twigs yellowish, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., persistently felty-tomentose, eventually dingy gray. Buds dull russet-brown, ovoid, distally subacute or rounded, 3 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 3-10 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong to narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, planar or moderately convex, to (30-)40-80(-90) × 15-30 mm, thick and leathery, usually stiff, base cordate or rounded and weakly cordate, margins entire or coarsely toothed especially near apex, cartilaginously revolute, teeth mucronate-tipped, obscure or prominent, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, branching, passing into teeth when present, apex acute to usually obtuse or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially dull, sparsely pubescent or subtomentose with curly branched hairs, reticulate from prominent, raised secondary veins, usually glaucous where exposed, adaxially dark or bluish green, moderately lustrous, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised or prominent within depressions or impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile, occasionally on peduncle to 15 mm; cup hemispheric or cup-shaped, 5-10(-15) mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/2 nut, base rounded, margin rather coarse, scales cream to brown, broadly ovate, evenly and strongly tuberculate, tomentose, tips closely appressed; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 8-12 mm, nearly glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subacute, location: distally
shape: orbicular
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: blue-green
leaf_count low: 7, high: 11
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: branched
leaf_hair_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: convex
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_scales_color color: white
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 30.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 80.0, length_max: 90.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus arkansana Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark black with long rough ridges separated by deep furrows. Twigs 1.5-3 mm diam., gray-pubescent, rarely glabrate. Terminal buds red-brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate on margins, especially at apex. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, pubescent, rarely glabrate. Leaf blade rhombic to obovate or obtrullate, 50-150 × 35-100 mm, base acute to cordate, margins entire or with 2-3 shallow lobes and up to 10 awns, apex broadly obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially uniformly pubescent to glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins prominent, adaxially planar or somewhat rugose with a few persistent hairs near base. Acorns biennial; cup thin, shallow goblet- to almost saucer-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10-16 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 10-15 × 9-15 mm, puberulent, scar diam. 5-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_duration duration: persistent
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: rhomboic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 35.0, width_high: 100.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: pubescent, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
petiole_lobe_count low: 10
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus austrina Trees , deciduous, to 20(-25) m. Bark pale gray, scaly, eventually divided into broad ridges. Twigs dark brown to somewhat reddish, 2-2.5 mm diam., often with prominent, corky, white lenticels. Buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, distally acute, 3-5 × 2-2.5 mm, puberulent. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm. Leaf blade green or grayish green, narrowly obovate or elliptic, (40-)70-100(-200) × (13-)30-50(-115) mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margins sinuately and irregularly shallowly lobed, lobes rounded, sometimes obtuse, secondary veins 4-6(-8) on each side, apex narrowly or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially loosely covered with semi-erect stellate hairs to 0.5 mm diam., glabrous at maturity, often with a few hairs remaining along veins near midrib, adaxially glabrous, glossy. Acorns subsessile or on stout axillary peduncle to 15 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet- or cup-shaped, 9-10 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, enclosing 1/3-1/2 nut, scales loosely appressed, gray, narrowly ovate, sometimes thickened near base, not tuberculate, canescent; nut ovoid or elliptic, 17 × 12 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: acute, location: distally
bud_surface surface: puberulent
cotyledon_size length_low: 17.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_units: mm
habit habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf_color color: green
color: gray-green
leaf_count low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: mm
length_min: 40.0, length_low: 70.0, length_high: 100.0, length_max: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 13.0, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 50.0, width_max: 115.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
nut_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: canescent
peduncle_hair_size diameter_high: 0.5, diameter_units: mm
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
color: red
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae Quercus berberidifolia Shrubs , subevergreen, 1-2(-4) m. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray, yellowish, rarely reddish, 1-3 mm diam. Buds reddish brown, globose or ovoid, 2-3 mm, minutely puberulent. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm. Leaf blade bicolored, obovate, elliptic, occasionally subrotund, planar or moderately convex, (10-)15-30 × (8-)10-20 mm, base truncate or rounded-attenuate, rarely cuneate, margins irregularly toothed and spinose, often sublobate, rarely entire, secondary veins (3-)4-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially waxy, light green or glaucous, with scattered minute, appressed, (4-)8(-10)-rayed hairs less than 0.2 mm diam. and sparse to dense yellowish, glandular hairs, adaxially glossy or dull green, glabrous or glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or turbinate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped, rim thick, 8-15 mm deep × 15-20(-22) mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales reddish or yellowish, usually strongly, irregularly tuberculate, puberulent or canescent; nut light to dark brown, ovoid, ellipsoid, or barrel-shaped, (10-)15-30 × (8-)10-20 mm, apex rounded, glabrous at maturity. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red, missing: True
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: puberulent
cotyledon_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 8.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
leaf_color color: green
color: glaucous
color: yellow
color: green
leaf_count min: 3, low: 4, high: 7
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: toothed
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: convex
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 8.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_scales_color color: red
color: yellow
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 22.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: canescent
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
solitary_hair_size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
solitary_ray_count min: 4, low: 8, max: 10
solitary_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
twig_color color: gray
color: yellow
Fagaceae Quercus bicolor Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray, scaly or flat-ridged. Twigs light brown or tan, 2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous. Buds light or dark brown, globose to ovoid, 2-3 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (4-)10-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (79-)120-180(-215) × (40-)70-110(-160) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins regularly toothed, or entire with teeth in distal 1/2 only, or moderately to deeply lobed, or sometimes lobed proximally and toothed distally, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or whitish, with minute, flat, appressed-stellate hairs and erect, 1-4-rayed hairs, velvety to touch, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous. Acorns 1-3(-5) mm, on thin axillary peduncle (20-)40-70 mm; cup hemispheric or turbinate, 10-15 mm deep × 15-25 mm wide, enclosing 1/2-3/4 nut, scales closely appressed, finely grayish tomentose, those near rim of cup often with short, stout, irregularly recurved and sometimes branched, spinose awns emerging from tubercle; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (12-)15-21(-25) × 9-18 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud_surface surface: glabrous
cotyledon_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: green
color: white
color: green
leaf_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_lobe_margin margin: toothed, location: distal
leaf_margin margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: arched
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
length_min: 79.0, length_low: 120.0, length_high: 180.0, length_max: 215.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 40.0, width_low: 70.0, width_high: 110.0, width_max: 160.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire, location: distal
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: recurved
shape: branched
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
length_min: 12.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 21.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_ray_count low: 1, high: 4
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
peduncle_size length_min: 20.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 70.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_min: 4.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
color: tan
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus boyntonii Shrubs, rarely small trees , deciduous or subevergreen, shrubs low, under 2 m, often trailing, rhizomatous, trees to 6 m. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs light brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., densely tomentulose. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-3(-4) mm, apex acute or rounded, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (4-)5-10(-15) mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, (39-)50-100(-125) × 20-60(-91) mm, base cuneate, margins minutely revolute, broadly 3-lobed distally or with 3-5 rounded, irregular lobes in distal 1/2, secondary veins curved, 6-8 on each side, apex broadly ovate or triangular-lobed; surfaces abaxially grayish or silvery, densely tomentulose-glandular with minute, appressed-stellate hairs, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, simple hairs. Acorns 1-2, on peduncle 2-10(-35) mm; cup deeply or shallowly cup-shaped, 5-10 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, including 1/3-1/2 nut, scales closely appressed, gray, tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid, 10-17 × 7-13 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
count_suffix count_suffix: lobe
leaf_apex_shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
color: silver
color: green
leaf_count low: 6, high: 8
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, location: distal
leaf_lobe_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: curved
leaf_size length_min: 39.0, length_low: 50.0, length_high: 100.0, length_max: 125.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 91.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentulose
surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_hair_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 35.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 3, high: 5, location: distal
petiole_size length_min: 4.0, length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 6.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus buckleyi Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark gray and smooth or black and furrowed. Twigs grayish brown to red-brown, rarely somewhat yellowish or gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds grayish brown to reddish brown, ovoid to subfusiform, (2.5-)3-7 mm, scales on apical 1/2 distinctly ciliate. Leaves: petiole 20-45 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade circular or broadly elliptic to obovate, 55-100 × 51-112 mm, base cuneate to truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 7-9 lobes and 12-35 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green or coppery green, glabrous or with small, axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially shiny or glossy, glabrous, veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup goblet- to cup-shaped, rarely saucer-shaped, 5-11.5 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface glabrous except for a few hairs around scar, scales acute, less than 4 mm, occasionally tuberculate, especially at base of cup, tips appressed; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely oblong, 12-18.5 × 8-14 mm, occasionally with faint rings of pits at apex, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 3.5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: black
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_color color: gray-brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate, location: apical
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
length_min: 2.5, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 7, high: 9
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: inequilateral
leaf_size length_low: 55.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 51.0, width_high: 112.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
nut_scales_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 11.5, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
petiole_lobe_count low: 12, high: 35
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
color: yellow
color: gray
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus carmenensis Shrubs or trees , deciduous, shrubs 0.5-2 m, rhizomatous, trees (on better sites) to l2 m, trunk 0.75 m diam. Bark light gray, checkered or furrowed. Twigs often strikingly red, 1-1.5 mm diam., sparingly (rarely densely) stellate-pubescent, somewhat glabrescent and gray 2d year. Buds light brown, nearly round, 1-1.5 mm, indumentum similar to twigs. Leaves: petiole usually strikingly red, (2-)5-l0 mm, ca. 1 mm diam. Leaf blade obovate or narrowly obovate, (20-)30-50 × l0-30 mm, thin to moderately leathery, base cuneate to rounded, margins shallowly and irregularly lobed or coarsely toothed in distal 1/2, rarely subentire, teeth mucronate, secondary veins 9-l2 on each side, branching or passing directly to teeth, apex acute, sometimes broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green or yellow-green, prominently pubescent with minute, erect velvety hairs, adaxially surfaces dark green, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or short-pedunculate (immature); cup (mature) unknown; scales (immature) light brown, tip acute, canescent. Nut unknown. Cotyledons unknown.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: orbicular
habit habit: branching, subpart_as_loc: to teeth
indumentum_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
color: yellow-green
color: green
leaf_count low: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_margin margin: toothed, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: stellate
leaf_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 30.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
petiole_color color: red
petiole_count min: 2, low: 5
shrub_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: m
solitary_scales_color color: brown
solitary_surface surface: canescent
solitary_tip_shape shape: acute
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
trunk_size diameter_low: 0.75, diameter_units: m
twig_color color: red
color: gray
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus chapmanii Shrubs , deciduous or subevergreen, 0.5-3(-6) m, often rhizomatous. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs yellowish, 1-2 mm diam., densely fine-tomentulose. Buds reddish brown, globose, 1-2(-3) mm, proximal scales densely tomentulose, distal scales glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1-3(-5) mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, 30-70(-85) × 14-30(-45) mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margins minutely revolute, entire or sinuately lobed, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed distally or with 3-5 rounded, irregular lobes in distal 1/2, secondary veins curved, 8-9 on each side, apex ovate or triangular-lobed, often retuse; surfaces abaxially grayish or yellowish, with yellowish, erect branched hairs, these soon shed, leaving matted glandular and waxy hairs except on ± glabrate yellowish veins, adaxially bright glossy, very reflective, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-2, on peduncle 1-6(-35) mm; cup hemispheric, 5-11 m deep × 10-15 mm wide, including 1/3-1/2 nut, scales closely appressed, gray, tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to barrel-shaped, 15-20 × 9-13 mm, apex rounded, glabrous or puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_scales_surface surface: tomentulose, location: proximal
surface: glabrous, location: distal
bud_shape shape: spheric
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
count_suffix count_suffix: lobe
leaf_apex_shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: yellow
leaf_count low: 8, high: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: yellow
leaf_hair_shape shape: branched
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: glabrate
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, location: distal
leaf_lobe_margin margin: entire
leaf_lobe_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: curved
shape: retuse
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 70.0, length_max: 85.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 14.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: m
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 35.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 3, high: 5, location: distal
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus chihuahuensis Shrubs or trees , deciduous, to 10 m. Bark gray, furrowed, checkered, or scaly. Twigs gray, 2-3(-4) mm diam., densely tomentose. Buds reddish brown, broadly ovoid, distally rounded, 2-2.5 mm, densely yellowish pubescent; scales gray-puberulent; stipules persistent, 1-4, subulate, pubescent, at base of terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 3-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong to ovate or obovate, (25-)40-50(-85) × (18-)20-30(-50) mm, base rounded or shallowly cordate, margins entire or toothed to sublobate, secondary veins 8 to 10 on each side, somewhat branching, apex broadly rounded to acute; surfaces abaxially yellowish or grayish, densely stellate with velvety hairs, adaxially green, sparsely soft-pubescent with prominent, spreading, stellate hairs, felty to touch, secondary veins somewhat prominent on both surfaces, even under dense tomentum. Acorns 1-3 on tomentose peduncle 15-35(-60) mm; cup hemispheric, 7-10 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut, scales proximally thickened, distally appressed, densely gray-puberulent, tips reddish, ultimately glabrate; nut ovoid, 14-18 × 10-12 mm, puberulent, eventually glabrate. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
color: yellow
bud_scales_color color: gray
bud_scales_surface surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: orbicular, location: distally
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow
color: gray
color: green
leaf_count low: 8, high: 10
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_min: 25.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 50.0, length_max: 85.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 18.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 50.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 14.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
nut_tip_color color: red
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_max: 60.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: mm
stipule_count low: 1, high: 4
stipule_duration duration: persistent
stipule_shape shape: subulate
stipule_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus chrysolepis Trees or shrubs , trees small to medium-sized, to 25 m, shrubs of variable size. Twigs branching at 60° angles or less, golden brown, 1-2 mm diam., flexible, densely pubescent 1st year, moderately so 2d year. Terminal buds conic, 2-8 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 3-14 mm, rusty-pubescent, adaxially flattened. Leaf blade oblong, acuminate, usually flat to slightly concave, 20-70 × 10-35 mm, thick, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, secondary veins 12 or more pairs, branching at ca. 50° angles, slightly raised abaxially, margins often slightly revolute with moderately thickened cell walls, entire to spinulose-dentate (especially on juvenile growth), regularly toothed, teeth terminating with mucronate to spinescent tip, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate to spinescent; surfaces abaxially glabrate to pubescent with bluish white wax layer, often obscured by golden glandular and multiradiate hairs, adaxially yellowish green, scurfy with multiradiate hairs, later in season slightly pubescent. Acorns solitary or paired, rarely in 3s or 4s; cup saucer-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 15-40 mm wide, rims often corky and thickened, scales appressed, deeply embedded in tomentum, often appearing swollen and keeled, tuberculate; nut ovoid, 15-30 × 10-20 mm, apex blunt, glabrous; nut scar 4-10 mm diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_count low: 1
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_color color: brown
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
habit habit: branching
habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: blue-white
color: yellow-green
leaf_count low: 12
leaf_hair_color color: golden
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: scurfy
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: dentate
margin: toothed
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: acuminate
shape: concave
shape: mucronate
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 70.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 35.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_tip_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 4.0, diameter_high: 10.0, diameter_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
solitary_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: keeled
solitary_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: golden-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus coccinea Trees , deciduous, to 30 m; lower trunk without stubs of dead branches. Bark dark gray to dark brown, irregularly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orangish pink. Twigs reddish brown, (1-)2-3.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, conic to ovoid, 4-7 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent distal to middle. Leaves: petiole 25-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate or obovate, 70-160 × 80-130 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-9 deep lobes and 18-50 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate to hemispheric, 7-13 mm high × 16.5-31.5 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface light to dark reddish brown, glossy, glabrous to puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, occasionally with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often tuberculate, base broad, glossy, margins strongly concave with tips tightly appressed, acute to attenuate; nut oblong to subglobose, 12-22 × 10-21 mm, glabrous, with 1 or more rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 6.5-13.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
color: orange-pink
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
color: silver, location: distal
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent, location: distal
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf_color color: glossy-green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 9
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 70.0, length_high: 160.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 80.0, width_high: 130.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: red-brown
color: brown
nut_count low: 1, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nut_margin_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: hemispheric
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: oblong
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 13.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 16.5, width_high: 31.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 21.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 13.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
petiole_lobe_count low: 18, high: 50
petiole_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus cornelius-mulleri Shrubs , evergreen or subevergreen, densely branched, 1-2(-3) m. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray, yellowish, or brownish, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely tomentulose, rarely glabrate. Buds dull brown, ovoid, 2.5-3 mm, glabrous except for margins of scales. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade strongly bicolored, ovate to oblong or narrowly obovate, 15-35 ×10-20 mm, rather thick and leathery, base cuneate or attenuate-rounded, margins entire or irregularly, shallowly toothed, teeth mucronate, rarely spinose, secondary veins 6-7 on each side, apex rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish, densely covered with minute, compact, appressed, (8-)10-14(-16)-rayed stellate hairs less than 0.2 mm diam. (lateral fusion of rays visible under high magnification), without glandular seriate hairs, adaxially dull, light green, grayish, or yellowish green, with scattered, appressed-stellate hairs to 0.2 mm diam. Acorns solitary or clustered, subsessile; cup deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, to 5-13 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, scales whitish or cream, strongly tuberculate especially near base of cup; nut dark brown, fusiform or cylyndric, 20-30 × 10-30 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_shape shape: branched
bark_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate-orbicular
leaf_color color: white
leaf_count low: 6, high: 7
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_units: mm, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: fusiform
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
solitary_color color: green
color: gray
color: yellow-green
solitary_hair_shape shape: stellate
solitary_hair_size diameter_high: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
solitary_hair_surface surface: glandular
solitary_ray_count min: 8, low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
solitary_scales_color color: white
color: white
solitary_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
solitary_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 12.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus depressipes Shrubs , evergreen or subevergreen, low, to 1 m, often forming dense thickets, rhizomatous. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs tan-brown, becoming reddish gray, 1-1.5 mm diam., glabrate or hairy. Buds tan or brown, subglobose, 1-1.5 mm, glabrate or scales inconspicuously ciliate. Leaves: petiole 1-2 mm, rarely longer. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 10-25(-60) × 8-25 mm, thick, leathery, base moderately to deeply cordate, petiole strongly depressed in basal sinus, margins inconspicuously toothed in distal 1/2, rarely entire, sometimes sublobate, somewhat revolute, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side with few intermediates, branching, apex broadly rounded to subacute; surfaces abaxially dull gray-green or glaucous, completely glabrous or with a few stellate hairs on midrib, adaxially similar to abaxial surface, secondary veins somewhat raised on both surfaces. Acorns paired on peduncle 7-15 mm; cup 4-7 mm deep × 8-13 mm wide, goblet-shaped, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base somewhat constricted or rounded, scales moderately tuberculate, proximally densely gray-tomentose, tips rather closely appressed, reddish brown, abaxially glabrous, ciliate; nut tan-brown, elliptic to ovoid or globose, to 10-l5 × 10-11 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_color color: tan
color: brown
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrate
bud_shape shape: subglobose
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
habit habit: branching
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 60.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray, location: proximal
color: red-brown
color: tan-brown
nut_count low: 10
nut_margin margin: ciliate
nut_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose, location: proximal
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
peduncle_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
petiole_base_shape shape: cordate
petiole_color color: gray-green
color: glaucous
petiole_count low: 5, high: 6
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
petiole_hair_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_hair_venation venation: midrib
petiole_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
petiole_margin margin: toothed, location: distal
margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: surface
surface: surface, location: abaxial
surface: surface
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
shrub_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: tan-brown
color: red-gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrate
surface: hairy
Fagaceae Quercus douglasii Trees , deciduous, with single trunks, sometimes with few to several trunks. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs reddish or yellowish, ca. 2 mm, densely or sparsely puberulent, occasionally glabrate with age. Buds reddish brown, rarely yellowish, broadly ovoid to rarely subglobose, (2-)3-5 mm; scales glabrous except for ciliate margins, sometimes sparsely or densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole blue-green, 2-6 mm. Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate, (20-)40-60(-80) × (15-)20-30(-40) mm, base rounded-attenuate or rounded, rarely cuneate, margins shallowly lobed or irregularly toothed, sometimes entire, lobes mucronate or rounded, secondary veins 6-10 on each side, apex rounded, rarely moderately acute; surfaces abaxially light green or blue-green, waxy, with scattered to crowded, semi-erect, (2-)4-6(-8)-rayed stellate hairs usually 0.2-0.6 mm diam. or larger, adaxially blue-green, glaucous or grayish, vestiture similar to abaxial surface. Acorns subsessile, solitary; cup hemispheric or cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 5-10 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing only base of nut, scales thin and not tuberculate to strongly and irregularly tuberculate, particularly toward base of cup; nut thin-walled, fusiform or subcylindric, 20-30 × 10-16 mm. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_color color: red-brown
color: yellow, missing: True
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
bud_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
cotyledon_shape shape: cylindrical
cotyledon_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
habit habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
color: blue-green
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: gray
leaf_count low: 6, high: 10
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_lobe_margin margin: toothed
leaf_lobe_shape shape: mucronate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: surface, location: abaxial
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: fusiform
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
petiole_color color: blue-green
petiole_size length_min: 20.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 80.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 40.0, width_units: mm
solitary_hair_size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_high: 0.6, diameter_units: mm
solitary_ray_count min: 2, low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
solitary_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
trunk_count low: 1
twig_color color: red
color: yellow
twig_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
twig_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus dumosa Shrubs , subevergreen, 1-2(-2.5) m, dense, divaricately branching, leaves brittle, often falling when branches disturbed. Bark smooth when young, eventually scaly. Twigs reddish or grayish, 1-1.5(-2) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, globose or ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous, rarely puberulent near apex. Leaves: petiole 1-2(-3) mm. Leaf blade undulate or strongly to moderately cupped, occasionally subplanar, 10-20(-25) × 6-15(-20) mm, base cordate or angular-cordate, margins irregularly spinose-toothed or shallowly lobed, rarely entire, often somewhat revolute, secondary veins 3-5(-6) on each side, irregularly branched, apex rounded or spinose-acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely covered with erect, curly, (2-)4(-6)-rayed fasciculate hairs to 0.5 mm, felty to touch in young leaves, adaxially glossy green, glabrate or with scattered stellate hairs, secondary veins somewhat impressed, puberulent. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup reddish, deeply cup-shaped, 5-8 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or less, scales long-acute, moderately or scarcely tuberculate at base; nut fusiform or subcylindric, 10-20(-30) × 5-10(-12) mm, apex acute. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_surface surface: puberulent
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
count_suffix count_suffix: tooth
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: angular-cordate
leaf_color color: glossy-green
leaf_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 6
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_size length_high: 0.5, length_units: mm
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrate
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: undulate
margin: entire
leaf_ray_count min: 2, low: 4, max: 6
leaf_shape shape: branched
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_scales_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: fusiform
shape: cylindrical
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_max: 12.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 2.5, length_units: m
solitary_color color: red
solitary_shape shape: cup-shaped
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red
color: gray
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_max: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus durata Shrubs , evergreen, 1-2(-3) m. Bark scaly. Twigs gray or yellowish, 1-3 mm diam., densely or sparsely tomentulose, often with prominent, yellowish, spreading hairs. Buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or globose, 1-2 mm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-5 mm. Leaf blade cupped or convex, rarely somewhat planar, (10-)15-40 × 7-15(-20) mm, base cuneate, rounded-attenuate, or truncate, margins entire or irregularly toothed, sometimes spinose, usually unevenly revolute, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, apex rounded or subacute; surfaces abaxially densely to sparsely covered with erect, stipitate, (1-)2-4(-6)-rayed hairs 1-4 mm, felty to touch, secondary veins prominent, adaxially grayish or yellowish, with dense or scattered, semi-erect or appressed hairs, secondary veins obscure or somewhat impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup reddish, hemispheric, deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, 4-6 mm deep × 12-18 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut or more, scales reddish or yellowish, weakly to strongly tuberculate, often somewhat glandular; nut globose, ovoid or cylindric, 15-25 × 10-25 mm, apex rounded or obtuse, persistently minute-puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
habit habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
color: yellow
leaf_count low: 4, high: 6
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: convex
shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: truncate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
nut_scales_color color: red
color: yellow
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 12.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glandular
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
solitary_color color: red
solitary_hair_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
solitary_ray_count min: 1, low: 2, high: 4, max: 6
solitary_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: yellow
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus durata var. durata Shrubs , densely branched. Leaf blade usually deeply cupped, margins revolute; surfaces abaxially with hairs usually 1-2 mm, rays curly, adaxially grayish or yellowish, with persistent stellate pubescence.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_color color: gray
color: yellow
leaf_duration duration: persistent
leaf_hair_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: stellate
shrub_shape shape: branched
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Quercus durata var. gabrielensis Shrubs , openly branched, scraggly. Leaf blade moderately cupped, sometimes almost planar; surfaces abaxially with hairs usually 2-4 mm, rays arched, curved or straight, not curly, adaxially green, glossy, usually glabrate or sometimes sparsely stellate-pubescent.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_ray_shape shape: arched
leaf_shape shape: curved
shape: straight
shape: stellate
leaf_surface surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
shrub_shape shape: branched
Fagaceae Quercus ellipsoidalis Trees , deciduous, to 20 m; lower trunk often with stubs of dead branches. Bark dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Twigs dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, often conspicuously 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent toward apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic, 70-130 × 50-100 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-7 deep lobes and 15-55 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup narrowly turbinate to deeply cup-shaped, 6-11 mm high × 10-19 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface reddish brown, puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, rarely with ring of pubescence around scar, scales with straight or slightly concave margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ellipsoid to ovoid, rarely subglobose, 10-20 × 9-15 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or more faint rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 4-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: orange
bud_apex_color color: silver
bud_apex_surface surface: pubescent
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf_color color: glossy-green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 7
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 70.0, length_high: 130.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 100.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: red-brown
color: brown
nut_count low: 1, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nut_margin_shape shape: straight
shape: concave
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 11.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 19.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 15, high: 55
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
tree_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus emoryi Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 15 m. Bark dark brown to black, deeply fissured. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds reddish brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-6.5 mm, glabrous except for tuft of hairs at apex, occasionally hairy on distal 1/2. Leaves: petiole 3-7(-10) mm, pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to narrowly oblong to obovate, planar, 28-95 × 15-45 mm, base cordate, margins entire or spinose, with up to 13 awns, apex blunt to acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for tuft of tomentum on each side of midrib at base of blade, rarely completely glabrous, adaxially not rugous, glabrous or with a few hairs along midrib. Acorns annual; cup cup-shaped, 5-7.5 mm high × 7-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface pubescent to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent to floccose, scale tips appressed, blunt; nut ellipsoid to oblong, 10-18 × 6-10 mm, glabrous to puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 3-5.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: hairy, location: distal
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 13
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 28.0, length_high: 95.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, subpart_as_loc: at base
surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at base
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: at base
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 7.5, height_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: floccose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus engelmannii Trees , subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray or whitish, closely furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, subspheric to broadly ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous or basal scales pubescent; stipules persistent about terminal buds. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-4(-6) mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, occasionally lanceolate or ovate, (20-)30-60(-80) × (5-)10-20(-25) mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire, undulate, sometimes irregularly toothed, especially toward apex, secondary veins 7-8(-10) on each side, branched, apex acute or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially blue-green or pale green, densely and loosely glandular-tomentose, quickly glabrate or persistently floccose, especially about base of midrib, at maturity strongly glaucous, adaxially gray-green or pale green, bluish green or glaucous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 5-6 mm; cup cup-shaped or shallowly cup-shaped, 8-l0 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut, scales 1.5-3 mm wide, strongly and regularly tuberculate near base of cup, gray-pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 15-25 × 12-14 mm, glabrate or puberulent about apex. Cotyledons connate. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: white
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous, location: basal
surface: pubescent, location: basal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: blue-green
color: green
color: glaucous
color: gray-green
color: green
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
leaf_count low: 7, high: 8, max: 10
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: branched
leaf_size length_min: 20.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 80.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 5.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 25.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
surface: floccose
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrate
surface: puberulent
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_count low: 8
nut_scales_size width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
stipule_duration duration: persistent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus falcata Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark brown to black, narrowly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orange. Twigs reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light reddish brown, ovoid, 4-8 mm, puberulent throughout. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 100-300 × 60-160 mm, base rounded or U-shaped, margins with 3-7 deep lobes and 6-20 awns, terminal lobe often long-acuminate, much longer than lateral lobes, apex acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely to uniformly tawny-pubescent, adaxially glossy and glabrous or puberulent along midrib, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-7 mm high × 9-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut subglobose, 9-16 × 8-15 mm, often striate, puberulent, scar diam. 5-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
color: orange
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 7
leaf_lobe_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 100.0, length_high: 300.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 60.0, width_high: 160.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 7.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 6, high: 20
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus fusiformis Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs often forming large clonal stands. Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, tomentulum often persistent in age. Buds reddish or dark brown, subglobose or ovate, 1.5-3 mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 2-8(-12) mm. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate, ± planar, (10-)35-90(-150) × (15-)20-40(-85) mm, base rounded to truncate or cordate, rarely cuneate, margins minutely revolute or flat, entire or irregularly 1-3 toothed on each side, teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 8-10 on each side, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup funnel-shaped, hemispheric, or deeply goblet-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 6-12(-15) mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, often with light brown longitudinal stripes, subfusiform and acute to narrowly barrel-shaped, rarely distally rounded, (17-)20-30(-33) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bud_color color: red
color: brown
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovate
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_min: 17.0, length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 33.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: white
color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 1, high: 3
low: 8, high: 10
leaf_hair_shape shape: fused-stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 35.0, length_high: 90.0, length_max: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_max: 85.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: brown
color: brown-longitudinal-stripes
nut_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular, location: distally
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_scales_color color: white
color: gray
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 6.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 15.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_tip_color color: red
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: gray
twig_duration duration: persistent
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus gambelii Shrubs or trees , deciduous, shrubs sometimes clumped and spreading, trees small or moderately large. Bark gray or brown, scaly. Twigs brown or reddish brown with few, inconspicuous lenticels, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or stellate-pubescent. Buds brown, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, apex acute or obtuse, sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrate. Leaves: petiole l0-20 mm. Leaf blade elliptic to obovate or oblong, deeply to shallowly 4-6-lobed, (40-)80-120(-160) × (25-)40-60(-100) mm, membranous, base truncate to cuneate, margins entire or coarsely toothed, lobes oblong, rounded or subacute, sinuses acute or narrowly rounded at base, reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, each passing into lobe, branched, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially dull green, sometimes glaucous, densely velvety with erect 4-6-rayed hairs, sometimes glabrate or persistently villous only near midribs, secondary veins prominent, adaxially lustrous dark green, appearing glabrate, microscopically pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 10(-30) mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, 5-8(-17) mm deep × 7-l5(-25) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base round, margin thin, scales closely appressed, ovate, markedly tuberculate, proximally gray-tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, (8-)12-15(-33) × 7-12(-18) mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 12.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 33.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 18.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 4, high: 6
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
shape: branched
leaf_sinus_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: villose
surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
lenticel_shape shape: stellate
lenticel_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
lenticel_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray, location: proximal
color: brown
nut_count low: 25
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 17.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentulose, location: proximal
peduncle_count low: 7
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 4, high: 6
petiole_size length_min: 40.0, length_low: 80.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 160.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 25.0, width_low: 40.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 100.0, width_units: mm
solitary_ray_count low: 4, high: 6
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
Fagaceae Quercus garryana Trees or shrubs , deciduous, trees to 15(-20) m, with solitary trunks, shrubs to 0.1-3 m, multitrunked. Bark light gray or almost white, scaly. Twigs brown, red, or yellowish, 2-4 mm diam., densely puberulent with spreading hairs or glabrate. Buds brown or yellowish, ovoid or fusiform and apex acute, 2-12 mm, glandular-puberulent or densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-10 mm. Leaf blade obovate, elliptic or subrotund, moderately to deeply lobed, 25-120(-140) × 15-85 mm, base rounded-attenuate or cuneate, rarely subcordate, often unequal, margins with sinuses usually reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, lobes oblong or spatulate, obtuse, rounded or blunt, larger lobes usually with 2-3 sublobes or teeth, veins often ending in retuse teeth, secondary veins yellowish, 4-7 on each side, the more distal veins often branching within distal lobes, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green or waxy yellowish, often felty to touch, densely to sparsely covered with semi-erect or erect, simple and (2-)4-8-rayed, fasciculate hairs 0.1-1 mm, secondary veins raised, adaxially bright or dark green, glossy or somewhat scurfy because of sparse stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile, rarely on peduncle to 10(-20) mm; cup saucer-shaped, cup-shaped, or hemispheric, 4-10 mm deep × 12-22 mm wide; scales yellowish or reddish brown, often long-acute near rim of cup, moderately or scarcely tuberculate, canescent or tomentulose; nut light brown, oblong to globose, (12-)25-30(-40) × (10-)14-20(-22) mm, apex blunt or rounded, glabrous or often persistently puberulent. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: white
bud_apex_shape shape: ovoid
shape: fusiform
shape: acute
bud_color color: brown
color: yellow
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glandular
surface: puberulent
surface: pubescent
cotyledon_count low: 1
cotyledon_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
habit habit: branching, location: distal
habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
color: green
color: yellow
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_size length_low: 0.1, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
leaf_hair_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
leaf_lobe_venation venation: vein, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: subcordate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 85.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_tooth_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_tooth_shape shape: retuse
leaf_tooth_venation venation: vein
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_ray_count min: 2, low: 4, high: 8
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: spheric
nut_size length_min: 12.0, length_low: 25.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 14.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 22.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_rim_shape shape: acute
peduncle_scales_color color: yellow
color: red-brown
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 12.0, width_high: 22.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: canescent
surface: tomentulose
petiole_count low: 4, high: 7
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 0.1, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_low: 15.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: brown
color: red
color: yellow
twig_hair_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae Quercus garryana var. breweri Shrubs , spreading and clonal, to 2-3 m, multitrunked. Twigs reddish, sparsely puberulent, often glabrate, without spreading hairs. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, glandular-puberulent. Leaf blade abaxially light green, velvety to touch, sparsely to densely covered with erect (2-)4-6-rayed hairs 0.2-0.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glandular
surface: puberulent
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 0.5, length_units: mm
leaf_ray_count min: 2, low: 4, high: 6
shrub_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red
twig_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus garryana var. garryana Trees , to 20 m, trunks usually solitary. Twigs yellowish or brown, persistently puberulent, with spreading hairs. Buds yellowish or cream, usually fusiform, 6-12 mm, apex acute, densely pubescent. Leaf blade abaxially light green, velvety to touch, sparsely to densely covered with erect simple and (2-)4-5(-6)-rayed hairs 0.3-1 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: yellow
color: white
bud_ray_count min: 2, low: 4, high: 5, max: 6
bud_shape shape: fusiform
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: yellow
color: brown
twig_surface surface: puberulent
Fagaceae Quercus garryana var. semota Shrubs or small multitrunked trees , spreading and clonal, to 1-5 m. Twigs reddish brown or tan, sparsely puberulent, without spreading hairs. Buds brown or light or brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, sparsely glandular-puberulent. Leaf blade abaxially light or yellowish green, waxy, not conspicuously velvety, but sometimes tightly felty, sparsely to densely covered with semi-erect 6-8-rayed hairs 0.1-0.3 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: brown
color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glandular
surface: puberulent
habit habit: semi-erect
leaf_color color: yellow-green
leaf_hair_size length_low: 0.1, length_high: 0.3, length_units: mm
leaf_ray_count low: 6, high: 8
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
color: tan
twig_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: puberulent
Fagaceae Quercus geminata Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous (if spreading rhizomatously, without numerous straight, short, erect stems emerging from gound, or if so, mixed with other larger branches, infertile, and without dimorphic or asymmetric leaf form). Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs yellowish, becoming light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, glabrate in 2d year. Buds reddish or dark brown, globose or ovoid, 1-2.5(-3) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 3-10(-20) mm. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, rarely orbiculate, convex-cupped, (10-)35-60(-120) × (7-)10-30(-45) mm, base narrowly cuneate, rarely truncate or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire, secondary veins 8-10(-12) on each side, apex acute, sometimes obtuse; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs (visible under magnification), and with additional scattered, erect, felty or spreading hairs (sometimes deciduous), or light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs, secondary veins moderately to deeply impressed. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 10-100 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, sometimes saucer-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 5-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, ovoid, barrel-shaped, or acute, (13-)15-20(-25) × (8-)9-12(-15) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bud_color color: red
color: brown
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_min: 13.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 8.0, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 15.0, width_units: mm
habit habit: dimorphic
hair_leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12
leaf_hair_shape shape: fused-stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: convex
shape: truncate
shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 35.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 7.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: acute
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_scales_color color: white
color: gray
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: saucerlike
shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 5.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_tip_color color: red
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm
shrub_shape shape: straight
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus georgiana Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark gray to light brown, scaly. Twigs deep red, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds red-brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-5 mm, glabrous or scales somewhat ciliate. Leaves: petiole 6-23 mm, glabrous or with a few persistent hairs. Leaf blade broadly ovate to elliptic or obovate, 40-130 × 20-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-5(-7) oblong lobes and up to 10 awns, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin, saucer-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 9-14 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface glabrous or with a few hairs around scar, scale tips appressed, acute; nut globose or ovoid, 9-14 × 9-14 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 4-7.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 130.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 90.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 4.0, height_high: 6.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
petiole_hair_duration duration: persistent
petiole_hair_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_lobe_count low: 10
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: mm
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus graciliformis Trees , tardily deciduous, to 8 m. Bark gray, furrowed. Twigs straw colored to brown or deep reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrate or somewhat pubescent at apex. Terminal buds glossy brown or red-brown, ovoid, 1.5-3 mm, minutely ciliate. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, glabrous or glabrate. Leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, widest proximal to middle, 45-90 × 10-25 mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire or with 8-10 teeth or shallow lobes with rounded sinuses, awns 1-9, apex acute to long-attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or occasionally with small axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous except for scattered pubescence near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to shallowly bowl-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 7-10 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent to glabrate, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scales appressed, acute, occasionally tuberculate at base; nut ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 9-18 × 7-10 mm, minutely puberulent, scar diam. 3-4.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 8.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: glossy-brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_base_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_sinus_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 90.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
leaf_tooth_count low: 8, high: 10
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 4.0, height_high: 6.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
petiole_count low: 1, high: 9
petiole_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrate
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrate, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
Fagaceae Quercus gravesii Trees , deciduous, to 13 m. Bark black, roughly furrowed. Twigs light brown to dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or glabrate. Terminal buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or ellipsoid to subconic, 2-5 mm, glabrous or with tuft of hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, glabrate. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 45-140 × 20-120 mm, base rounded (rarely subcordate) to obtuse or cuneate, margins with 3-5 acute lobes, 9-20 awns, apex broadly obtuse or acute to attenuate, occasionally falcate; surfaces abaxially light green or coppery green, glabrous with small axillary tufts of tomentum or pubescent along midrib and veins, adaxially shiny or glossy, glabrous except for scattered pubescence near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate or deeply cup-shaped, 4.5-8.5 mm high × 7.5-12 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrate, inner surface glabrous to pubescent on inner 2/3, scale tips appressed, less than 4 mm, acute; nut ovoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose or oblong, 9-16 × 5.5-11 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous to puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 3-6 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
bark_size length_high: 13.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf_base_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_lobe_shape shape: acute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 120.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.5, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: pubescent, location: axillary
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: axillary
venation: vein, location: axillary
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 4.5, height_high: 8.5, height_units: mm, width_low: 7.5, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 20
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrate
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus grisea Large shrubs or moderate trees , deciduous or subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray, fissured. Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely or densely stellate-tomentulose or tomentose when young. Buds dark red-brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1-2 mm, stellate hairs causing yellowish color, at least on outer scales; stipules persistent, 1-4, subulate, pubescent, at base of terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic or ovate, (15-)25-35(-80) × (7-)15-30(-40) mm, thick and leathery, base cordate or rounded, margins minutely revolute, entire or dentate with mucronate teeth, secondary veins 6-10 on each side, branched, apex acute, sometimes obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially dull gray-green or yellowish, minutely stellate-pubescent with interlocking hairs, secondary veins very prominent, adaxially dull green, very sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 0-30 mm; cup from deeply goblet- to deeply cup-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales broadly ovate to oblong, proximal scales slightly or markedly tuberculate and whitish canescent, tips closely appressed, red-brown, thin, glabrate; nut light brown, ovoid to narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-18 × 8-12 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_hair_color color: yellow
bud_hair_shape shape: stellate
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_shape shape: ellipsoid
cotyledon_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: yellow
color: green
leaf_count low: 6, high: 10
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: branched
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 15.0, length_low: 25.0, length_high: 35.0, length_max: 80.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 7.0, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
margin: dentate
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_color color: red-brown
color: brown
nut_scales_color color: white, location: proximal
nut_scales_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
nut_scales_surface surface: canescent, location: proximal
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrate
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stipule_count low: 1, high: 4
stipule_duration duration: persistent
stipule_shape shape: subulate
stipule_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus havardii Shrubs , deciduous, low, forming clones 0.3-1.5 × 10 m, rhizomatous. Bark light gray, scaly-papery. Twigs brown or grayish, 1-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or densely short grayish or yellowish tomentulose, glabrate in age. Buds dark red-brown, subglobose, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole to 7 mm. Leaf blade green, often turning brownish with age, polymorphic, oblong or elliptic or sometimes lanceolate to oblanceolate or ovate to obovate, (30-)50-100 × (10-)20-50 mm, rather thick and hard, base rounded to cuneate, margins flat to revolute, at least some undulate, 2-3 rounded teeth on each side, secondary veins 5-8 on each side, much branched, apex broadly rounded, rarely acute; surfaces abaxially densely grayish or yellowish tomentulose or stellate-pubescent, sometimes only sparsely pubescent, secondary veins quite prominent, adaxially lustrous, very sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrate, secondary veins very slightly if at all raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 10(-18) mm; cup from deeply cup-shaped to goblet-shaped, 10-12 mm deep × 15-25 mm wide, enclosing 1/3-1/2 nut, base rounded or slightly constricted, margin very thin and smooth, scales reddish brown, triangular-ovate to long-acute, proximally moderately to markedly tuberculate, pubescent, often canescent, tips loosely appressed; nut brown, ovoid, 12-25 × 14-18 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: m, width_low: 10.0, width_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: subglobose
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bud_surface surface: pubescent
cotyledon_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 14.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: brown
color: gray
color: yellow
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: undulate
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: branched
shape: acute
shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 30.0, length_low: 50.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 50.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentulose
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_tooth_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_margin_surface surface: smooth
nut_scales_color color: red-brown
nut_shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: canescent
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_max: 18.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 5, high: 8
petiole_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: gray
color: gray
color: yellow
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus hemisphaerica Trees , evergreen or tardily deciduous, to 35 m. Bark much like that of Q . laurifolia . Twigs light brown to dark red-brown, 1-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds reddish to purplish brown, ovoid, 2.5-5 mm, glabrous or with ciliate scale margins. Leaves: petiole 1-5(-6) mm, glabrous. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or elliptic to oblanceolate, 30-120 × 10-40 mm, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, rarely attenuate, margins entire or with a few shallow lobes or teeth near apex, awns 1-4 (rarely as many as 8-10 on 2d-flush growth), apex acute or acuminate, occasionally obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous, rarely with minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to bowl-shaped, rarely turbinate, 3-10 mm high × 11-18 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent at least 1/2 distance to rim, scales occasionally distinctly tuberculate, tips appressed, acute to obtuse; nut broadly ovoid to hemispheric, 9-16 × 9-16 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 6-9.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red, location: terminal
color: purple-brown, location: terminal
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 1, high: 4
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: attenuate
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: ovoid
shape: hemispheric
nut_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 11.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface, subpart_as_loc: to rim
surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: to rim
surface: glabrate
petiole_count low: 8, high: 10
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
taxon_like level: species, taxon_like: Q. laurifolia, relation: like
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus hinckleyi Shrubs , evergreen, low, to 0.75(-1.5) m, spreading rhizomatously in thickets, intricately branched. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs light brown, pruinose, becoming waxy-glaucous in 2d season, 1-1.5 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Buds minute, subrotund, 0.5-1 mm; scales reddish brown, glabrous except for ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole to 2 mm. Leaf blade subrotund or rotund, to 15 × 15 mm, thick, leathery, base cordate or auriculate, margins strongly crisped with 2-3 coarse, spinescent teeth on each side, cartilaginous-thickened secondary veins obscure, apex acute or obtuse, spine-tipped; surfaces abaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous, microscopically markedly papillose, adaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous, secondary veins slightly raised on both surfaces. Acorns solitary, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 4 mm; cup shallow, saucer-shaped, 1-3 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing base of nut only, margin irregularly undulate, scales closely appressed, minute, basally tuberculate-thickened, glabrous except for thin ciliate margins; nut ovoid, 10-20 × 8-12 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_scales_color color: red-brown
bud_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: crisped
leaf_margin_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_margin margin: undulate
margin: ciliate
nut_margin_surface surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
peduncle_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
shrub_shape shape: branched
shrub_size length_low: 0.75, length_max: 1.5, length_units: m
twig_color color: brown
color: glaucous
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus hypoleucoides Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 10 m. Bark black, deeply furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous except for ciliate scale margins, occasionally with tuft of hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1.5-13 mm, densely pubescent. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, 45-120 × 15-40 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or spinose with up to 11 awns, apex acute to attenuate; surfaces abaxially densely tawny- or white-tomentose, adaxially noticeably rugose, glabrous. Acorns annual or biennial; cup deeply saucer- or cup-shaped, 4.5-7 mm high × 6-13 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut or less, outer surface pubescent to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent to floccose, scales appressed, blunt; nut ellipsoid to oblong, 8-16 × 5-10 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 2.5-5.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: white
leaf_count low: 11
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 4.5, height_high: 7.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: floccose
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus ilicifolia Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 6 m. Bark dark gray, becoming shallowly fissured and scaly, inner bark pinkish. Twigs brown or yellowish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 2-4.5 mm, apex puberulent. Leaves: petiole (8-)10-25 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 50-120 × 30-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-7 acute lobes separated by shallow sinuses and 5-14 awns, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green to gray, tomentose, adaxially glossy dark green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10.5-17 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to subglobose, 9.5-16 × 8-11 mm, striate, puberulent, scar diam. 4.8-7 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: pink
bark_size length_high: 6.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_surface surface: puberulent
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf_color color: green
color: gray
color: glossy-green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 7
leaf_lobe_shape shape: acute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 90.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.5, width_high: 17.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.8, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_sinus_count low: 5, high: 14
petiole_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus imbricaria Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark grayish brown, fissures and ridges shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs greenish brown to brown, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, ovoid, 3-6 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, scales minutely ciliate on margins. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, usually widest near middle, 80-200 × 15-75 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, occasionally rounded, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially uniformly pubescent, adaxially lustrous, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup deeply saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown to reddish brown and glabrous or with a few hairs around nut scar, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to subglobose, 9-18 × 10-18 mm, often striate, having 1 or more indistinct rings of minute pits at apex, glabrate, scar diam. 5-9 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: pink
bark_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_margin_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 80.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 75.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
nut_count low: 1, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nut_hair_color color: brown
color: red-brown
nut_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: green-brown
color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus incana Trees , deciduous, to 10 m. Bark dark brown to black with square plates. Twigs brown to reddish brown, 1-2.5 mm diam., tomentose to sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light brown to reddish brown, narrowly ovoid to conic, 3.5-7 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, scales pubescent, often tuft of reddish or silvery hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 2-8(-10) mm, tomentose. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or elliptic to obovate, usually widest near middle, planar, 30-100 × 12-35 mm, base acute (rarely attenuate) to rounded, margins entire, with 1 apical awn (leaves on juvenile or 2d-flush growth may have 2-3 shallow lobes and 3-5 awns), apex acute or obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially densely tomentose, hairs in vein axils often reddish, easily distinguished from others, adaxially often glossy, sparsely pubescent, especially along midrib and near base, veins often raised. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to bowl-shaped, 4.5-8 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface pubescent or puberulent, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid (rarely subglobose) to broadly ellipsoid, 10-17 × 10-16 mm, occasionally striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5.5-10.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_hair_color color: red, subpart_as_loc: at apex
color: silver, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_scales_surface surface: pubescent
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_axil_color color: red
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 1, location: apical
low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_high: 35.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 4.5, height_high: 8.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 10.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 3, high: 5, location: apical
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus inopina Shrubs , evergreen, to 5 m. Bark gray. Twigs light to dark purplish brown, (1.5-)2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrate to sparsely pubescent, especially at apex. Terminal buds dark purplish brown, ovoid to subconic, 2-6 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, glabrous to tawny strigose on apical 1/3. Leaves: petiole 1.5-8.5 mm, glabrous, occasionally sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, occasionally spatulate, (25-)45-85 × (15-)25-45 mm, base acute to rounded or cordate, margins entire, strongly revolute, with 1 apical awn, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially yellow-scurfy, occasionally somewhat pubescent, rarely glabrous, adaxially distinctly convex, rugose, glabrous or with scattered hairs, especially along midrib and at base. Acorns biennial; cup cup-shaped to bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm high × 10-15 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface half to fully pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 10-14 × 9-13 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: purple-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous, location: apical
surface: strigose, location: apical
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: spatulate
shape: convex
leaf_size length_min: 25.0, length_low: 45.0, length_high: 85.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 25.0, width_high: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: scurfy
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: at base
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 8.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 8.5, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: purple-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus intricata Shrubs , evergreen, clonal, intricately branched. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray- or yellow-tomentose, darkened, 1-1.5 mm diam., persistently pubescent for several seasons. Buds dark reddish brown, 1-1.5 mm, apex round, sparsely pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm. Leaf blade oblong, sometimes ovate, often strongly cupped, 10-25 × 5-13 mm, extremely thick, leathery, base cuneate to cordate, margins very coarsely revolute, often undulate-crisped, entire, rarely with a few teeth, secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially brownish or buff, persistently tomentose with erect curly hairs, rarely glabrate in 2d season, midribs (and sometimes principal veins) glabrous and brown against tomentum, secondary veins sometimes prominently raised, usually obscured by tomentum, adaxially dark or gray-green, lustrous, sparsely or moderately stellate-pubescent, secondary veins impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 15 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, 7-8 mm deep × ca. 10 mm wide, base round, margin thin, scales ovate or narrower, proximally canescent-tomentose, moderately or markedly tuberculate, tips closely appressed, reddish, thin, nearly glabrous; nut light brown, ovoid, 9-12 × 8-10 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: brown
color: brown
color: gray-green
leaf_count low: 8, high: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: undulate-crisped
margin: entire
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
peduncle_base_shape shape: orbicular
peduncle_color color: red
peduncle_scales_shape shape: ovate
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: canescent, location: proximal
surface: tomentose, location: proximal
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
shrub_shape shape: branched
solitary_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: gray
color: yellow
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus john-tuckeri Shrubs , subevergreen or evergreen, 1-3(-5) m. Bark light gray or brown, scaly. Twigs yellowish or dingy gray, 1-1.5(-2) mm diam., densely tomentulose. Buds brown, ovoid or globose, 1.5-2(-3) mm, glabrous except for ciliate margins of scales; proximal scales often yellowish puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm. Leaf blade unicolored, elliptic or obovate, (10-)15-30(-40) × (8-)10-15(-20) mm, thick and leathery, often brittle, base truncate or rounded-attenuate, rarely subcordate, margins irregularly spinose-toothed, occasionally shallowly lobate, secondary veins (3-)4-7, often some veins branching near margin and passing into more than 1 tooth, apex acute or rounded; surfaces abaxially waxy grayish, light green, or yellowish, sparse to moderately dense (8-)10-12-rayed, (loosely) appressed-stellate hairs, often 0.2-0.5 mm diam., and sparse to crowded, yellowish, glandular hairs, adaxially dull grayish, with stellate hairs, similar to abaxial surface. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup cup-shaped or obconic to hemispheric, 5-7 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, thin, scales whitish or yellowish, moderately or scarcely tuberculate, puberulent; nut fusiform, ovoid, or conic, 20-30 mm, apex acute. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_scales_color color: yellow, location: proximal
bud_scales_surface surface: puberulent, location: proximal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
count_suffix count_suffix: tooth
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
leaf_color color: gray
color: green
color: yellow
color: yellow
color: gray
leaf_count min: 3, low: 4, high: 7
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: lobate
margin: tooth
leaf_margin_venation venation: vein
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 8.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: surface, location: abaxial
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: fusiform
shape: ovoid
petiole_margin_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
solitary_ray_count min: 8, low: 10, high: 12
solitary_scales_color color: white
color: yellow
solitary_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: obconic
shape: hemispheric
solitary_size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_high: 0.5, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
solitary_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_max: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus kelloggii Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown to black, ridges broad, irregular. Twigs brown to red-brown, (1.5-)2-3.5 mm diam., glabrate. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 4-10 mm, glabrous or with scales ciliate on margins. Leaves: petiole 10-60 mm, glabrous to densely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic to obovate, 60-200 × 40-140 mm, base cordate to obtuse, occasionally rounded, margins with 7-11 lobes and 13-45 awns, lobes acute to distally expanded, separated by deep sinuses, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous with small axillary tufts of tomentum to densely pubescent, adaxially glabrous to minutely pubescent, veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to deeply bowl-shaped, 13-27 mm high × 20-28 mm wide, covering 1/2-2/3 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface 1/3 to completely pubescent, scales more than 4 mm long, attenuate or acuminate to acute, smooth, occasionally tuberculate near base of cup, tips loose, especially at margin of cup; nut oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 21-34 × 14-22 mm, puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 5.5-10.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bark_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: obtuse
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 7, high: 11
leaf_lobe_shape shape: acute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 60.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 40.0, width_high: 140.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 10.5, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: pubescent, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_scales_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: attenuate
shape: acuminate
shape: acute
shape: oblong
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 13.0, height_high: 27.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 28.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 21.0, length_high: 34.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 14.0, width_high: 22.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: smooth
surface: puberulent
petiole_lobe_count low: 13, high: 45
petiole_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus laceyi Trees , deciduous, to 5-8(-10) m. Bark light colored, papery or scaly. Twigs gray, 1.5-2 mm diam., pubescent with erect stellate hairs, these soon shed, at maturity reddish and pruinose to tan and glabrous. Buds brown, ovoid to ovoid-lanceoloid, 1.5-3 × 1-2 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)5-9(-12) mm. Leaf blade blue-green, glaucous, obovate or elliptic, (20-)40-90(-210) × (20-)30-60(-110) mm, thin, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole to rounded or rarely somewhat cordate, margins thin, flat, entire to shallowly lobed or (rarely in shade forms) deeply lobed, lobes if present oblong, squarish, often retuse, secondary veins 6-9 on each side, each terminating in tooth or arching near margins, apex broadly rounded, retuse; surfaces abaxially whitish, with erect stellate hairs, hairs shed as leaves expand, becoming glabrous, glaucous, adaxially glabrous, glaucous. Acorns annual, solitary or paired, subsessile or on short peduncle to 10(-20) mm in leaf axil; cup saucer-shaped or shallowly cup-shaped, 4-7 mm deep × 10-12(-18) mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or less, scales moderately tuberculate, finely tomentose; nut oblong or barrel-shaped, often flattened at both ends, (11-)13-15(-20) × 9-11(-14) mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
cotyledon_size length_min: 11.0, length_low: 13.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 11.0, width_max: 14.0, width_units: mm
leaf_color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: white
color: glaucous
color: glaucous
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 18.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
peduncle_leafaxil_size length_low: 10.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
petiole_count low: 6, high: 9
petiole_lobe_margin margin: entire
petiole_lobe_shape shape: oblong
petiole_margin margin: tooth
petiole_shape shape: retuse
shape: retuse
petiole_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: mm
length_min: 20.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 90.0, length_max: 210.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 20.0, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 110.0, width_units: mm
petiole_venation venation: vein
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
twig_color color: gray
color: red
color: tan
twig_hair_shape shape: stellate
twig_hair_surface surface: pubescent
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus laevis Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark bluish gray, deeply furrowed, inner bark orangish or reddish. Twigs dark reddish brown with distinct grayish cast, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4) mm diam., sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous. Terminal buds light brown to reddish brown, conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5.5-12 mm, pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade circular or broadly ovate-elliptic, widest near or proximal to middle, 100-200 × 80-150 mm, base attenuate to acute, occasionally obtuse or rounded, blade decurrent on petiole, margins with 3-7(-9) lobes and 7-20 awns, lobes attenuate to falcate, occasionally oblong or distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially occasionally orange-scurfy, usually glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup somewhat goblet-shaped, 9-14 mm high × 16-24 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scales occasionally tuberculate, tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute, margin conspicuously involute; nut ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 17-28 × 12-18 mm, often faintly striate, glabrate, scar diam. 6-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: blue-gray
color: orange
color: red
bark_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
bud_size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: acute
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 7, high: 20
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 5.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 100.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 80.0, width_high: 150.0, width_units: mm
nut_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: involute
nut_shape shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 9.0, height_high: 14.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 16.0, width_high: 24.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 17.0, length_high: 28.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_color color: orange
petiole_lobe_count low: 3, high: 7, max: 9
petiole_lobe_shape shape: attenuate
shape: falcate
petiole_shape shape: oblong
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: surface
surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
petiole_venation venation: vein
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
color: gray
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus laurifolia Trees , tardily deciduous, to 40 m. Bark dark brown to black, ridges flat, furrows deep. Twigs red-brown, (1-)1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark red-brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-6 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, glabrous or with tuft of reddish hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1.5-5 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade rhombic or broadly elliptic to obovate, occasionally oblong or spatulate, 30-120 × 15-45 mm, thin, base attenuate or cuneate, rarely obtuse, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous, veins raised. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped to deeply bowl-shaped, 3.5-9 mm high × 11-17 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent at least 1/2 distance to rim, scale tips appressed, acute or attenuate; nut globose or ovoid, 8.5-16 × 10-16 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 6.5-11.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bark_size length_high: 40.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_hair_color color: red, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_margin_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: rhomboic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 3.5, height_high: 9.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 11.0, width_high: 17.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.5, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 11.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface, subpart_as_loc: to rim
surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: to rim
surface: glabrate
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus lobata Trees , deciduous, to 25(-35) m, usually with solitary trunks. Bark gray, scaly, deeply checkered in age. Twigs yellowish, gray, occasionally reddish, 2-4 mm diam., densely or sparsely tomentulose. Buds yellowish or light brown, ovoid, (2-)3-5(-6) mm, apex occasionally acute, densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-12 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or elliptic, moderately to deeply lobed, (40-)50-100(-120) × 30-60(-75) mm, base rounded-attenuate, cuneate, or truncate, rarely subcordate, margins with sinuses usually reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, lobes oblong or spatulate, obtuse, rounded, or blunt, secondary veins 5-10 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially whitish or light green, densely to sparsely covered with interlocking appressed or semi-erect, 8-10(-14)-rayed stellate hairs, adaxially dark green or grayish, glossy or somewhat scurfy because of sparse stellate hairs. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup deeply cup-shaped, hemispheric or turbinate, rim thick, 10-30 mm deep × 14-30 mm wide, scales grayish or cream, more acute near rim, strongly and irregularly tuberculate, especially toward base of cup; nut light brown, oblong or fusiform, 30-60 × (12-)15-25 mm, tapering to acute or rounded apex. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: yellow
color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
habit habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
leaf_color color: white
color: green
color: green
color: gray
leaf_count low: 5, high: 10
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
shape: subcordate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_min: 40.0, length_low: 50.0, length_high: 100.0, length_max: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 75.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: tapering
shape: acute
shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: fusiform
nut_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 12.0, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
solitary_ray_count low: 8, high: 10, max: 14
solitary_rim_shape shape: acute
solitary_scales_color color: gray
color: white
solitary_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
solitary_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 14.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_low: 25.0, length_max: 35.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
color: red
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus lyrata Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark light gray, tinged with red, with thick plates underlying scales. Twigs grayish or reddish, (2-)3(-4) mm diam., villous, soon glabrate. Buds 3 mm, gray-puberulent. Leaves: petiole 8-20(-25) mm. Leaf blade obovate or broadly obovate, 100-160(-200) × 50-100(-120) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes somewhat to sharply angular or spatulate, often with 2-3 teeth, sinuses nearly to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or somewhat glaucous, tomentose, tomentum persisting or soon falling, adaxially dark green or dull gray, sparsely puberulent to glabrate. Acorns 1-2 on axillary peduncles to 40 mm; cup goblet-shaped, burlike, or spheroid, 15-20 mm deep × 20-30 mm wide, usually completely enclosing nut or merely apex visible, rarely enclosing only 1/2 nut, orifice smaller than nut diameter, often splitting irregularly at maturity, scales closely appressed, especially about margin, laterally connate, broadly triangular, keeled-tuberculate, finely grayish tomentose; nut light brown or grayish, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (15-)25-50 × (10-)20-40 mm, finely puberulent or floccose. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: red
bark_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: gray
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
color: gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_shape shape: angular
shape: spatulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: arched
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 100.0, length_high: 160.0, length_max: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 100.0, width_max: 120.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
color: gray
nut_shape shape: triangular
shape: keeled
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 20.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
length_min: 15.0, length_low: 25.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
surface: floccose
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2, location: axillary
peduncle_size length_high: 40.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
petiole_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: gray
color: red
twig_size diameter_min: 2.0, diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Trees , deciduous, to 30(-50) m. Bark dark gray, scaly or flat-ridged. Twigs grayish or reddish, 2-4 mm diam., often forming extensive flat, radiating, corky wings, finely pubescent. Buds 2-5(-6) mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (6-)15-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, often fiddle-shaped, (50-)70-150(-310) × (40-)50-130(-160) mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins moderately to deeply lobed, toothed, deepest sinuses near midleaf (at least in proximal 2/3), sinuses reaching nearly to midrib, longer lobes grading into shallow lobes or merely simple teeth distally, shallower, compound lobes proximally, secondary veins arched, divergent, 4-5(-10) on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or whitish, with minute appressed-stellate hairs forming dense, rarely sparse, tomentum, erect felty hairs absent, adaxially dark green or dull gray, sparsely puberulent to glabrate. Acorns 1-3 on stout peduncle (0-)6-20(-25) mm; cup hemispheric or turbinate, (8-)15-50 mm deep × (10-)20-60 mm wide, enclosing 1/2-7/8 nut or more, scales closely appressed, laterally connate, broadly triangular, keeled, tuberculate, finely grayish tomentose, those near margins often with soft awns to 5-10 mm or more, forming fringe around nut; nut light brown or grayish, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (15-)25-50 × (10-)20-40 mm, finely puberulent or floccose. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 30.0, length_max: 50.0, length_units: m
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: white
color: green
color: gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: arched
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_min: 50.0, length_low: 70.0, length_high: 150.0, length_max: 310.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 40.0, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 130.0, width_max: 160.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_count low: 1, location: distal
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
color: gray
nut_hair_count low: 0
nut_margin_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
nut_shape shape: triangular
shape: keeled
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm
width_min: 10.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 60.0, width_units: mm
length_min: 15.0, length_low: 25.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
surface: floccose
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
peduncle_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 4, high: 5, max: 10
petiole_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: gray
color: red
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus margarettae Small trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 12 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs green or reddish, becoming gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-3(-6) mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: petiole 3-10(-15) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate, (25-)40-80(-135) × 20-40(-80) mm, base cuneate to rounded-attenuate, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or spatulate, sometimes middle or distal 2 lobes compound, with secondary lobe on proximal side, divergent at right angles, forming cruciform pattern, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green, with interlocking, erect, 2-4(-6)-rayed stellate hairs, velvety to touch, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or sparsely stellate, not harsh to touch. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 20 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, basally rounded or constricted, (7-)9-12 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, enclosing to 3/4 nut, scales loosely appressed, finely grayish pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid, 15-25(-30) × 9-13(-16) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, location: distal
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: cruciform
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 25.0, length_low: 40.0, length_high: 80.0, length_max: 135.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_max: 80.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_ray_count low: 2, high: 4, max: 6
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_min: 7.0, length_low: 9.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 12.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 13.0, width_max: 16.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: orbicular, location: basally
peduncle_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 3, high: 5
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: green
color: red
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_max: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus marilandica Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark almost black, with irregular or rectangular blocks, inner bark orangish. Twigs ashy brown, (1-)2-4(-5) mm diam., pubescent to tomentose. Terminal buds conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm, densely to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade obovate to obtrullate, (50-)70-200 × (40-)70-200 mm, base rounded or cordate, blade not decurrent, margins with 3-5 shallow, often very broad lobes and 3-10 awns, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially scurfy or with scattered pubescence, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate, 6-10 mm high × 13-18 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute or acuminate; nut broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-20 × 10-18 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. 2 n = 12. [R. C. Friesner 1930. J. W. Duffield (1940) suggested that Friesner was counting bivalents; if so, then 2 n = 24, consistent with all other reports for Quercus .]
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
color: orange
bark_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: rhomboid
bark_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: m
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 10
leaf_margin_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_min: 50.0, length_low: 70.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 40.0, width_low: 70.0, width_high: 200.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 13.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_max: 5.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus michauxii Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark light brown or gray, scaly. Twigs brown or reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., with sparse spreading hairs or glabrate. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, apex rounded or acute, glabrous or minutely puberulent. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, (60-)100-280 × 50-180 mm, base rounded-acuminate or broadly cuneate, margins regularly toothed, teeth rounded, dentate, or acuminate, secondary veins 15-20 on each side, parallel, straight or somewhat curved, apex broadly rounded or acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green or yellowish, felty to touch because of conspicuous or minute, erect, 1-4-rayed hairs, adaxially glabrous or with minute simple or fascicled hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or more often on axillary peduncle to 20-30 mm; cup hemispheric, broadly hemispheric or even short-cylindric, 15-25 mm deep × 25-40 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut or more, scales very loosely appressed, distinct to base, gray or light brown, moderately to heavily tuberculate, tips silky-tomentose; nut light brown, ovoid or cylindric, 25-35 × 20-25 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: gray
bark_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-acuminate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: yellow
leaf_count low: 15, high: 20
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_margin margin: toothed
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: straight
shape: curved
leaf_size length_min: 60.0, length_low: 100.0, length_high: 280.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 180.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_tooth_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
color: brown
nut_hair_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 25.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 25.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_tip_surface surface: silky
surface: tomentose
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: hemispheric
shape: cylindric
peduncle_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_ray_count low: 1, high: 4
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_hair_surface surface: glabrate
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae Quercus minima Shrubs , subevergreen or evergreen, low, rhizomatous, forming clonal patches of straight, often unbranched stems 0.2-0.7(-2) m. Bark light gray or brown, smooth. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or very finely tomentulose and glabrate in 2d year. Buds dark gray-brown, globose, 0.5-1(-1.5) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves dimorphic; petiole 1-4(-10) mm. Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes orbiculate or lance-ovate, often asymmetric, 40-120 × 20-50 mm proximally on shoots, narrowly elliptic, 20-60 × 5-20 mm distally on shoots, base cuneate, rarely truncate or cordate, margins minutely revolute or flat, coarsely and irregularly 1-5 toothed on each side (proximal leaves of shoots) or entire (distal leaves on shoots), teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 4-10(-12) on each side, usually 4-6 in proximal leaves, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, (8-)10-15 mm deep × 6-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, narrowly ovoid or subcylindric, 13-22(-25) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_color color: gray-brown
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: spheric
bud_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_max: 1.5, length_units: mm
habit habit: dimorphic
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 1, high: 5, location: proximal
low: 4, high: 10, max: 12
low: 4, high: 6, location: proximal
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: fused-stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: toothed, location: proximal
margin: entire, location: distal
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 50.0, width_units: mm, location: proximal
length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm, location: distal
length_min: 8.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: cylindrical
nut_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 22.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_scales_color color: white
color: gray
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 6.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_tip_color color: red
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
stem_shape shape: straight
stem_size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 0.7, length_max: 2.0, length_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus mohriana Shrubs or trees , evergreen or deciduous, shrubs erect, rhizomatous, trees small, 0.5-3 m. Bark pale, rough and deeply furrowed. Twigs yellowish or whitish, 1-2 mm diam., felty-tomentose. Buds dark red-brown, round-ovoid, 2 mm, glabrous, occasionally puberulent on outer scales, not subtended by persistent, hairy, subulate stipules. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade usually strongly bicolored, oblong or elliptic, (15-)30-50(-80) × (10-)20-30(-35) mm, leathery, base rounded, rarely cuneate or cordulate, margins entire or toothed or denticulate, undulate or flat, secondary veins 8-9 on each side, apex rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially densely gray- or white-tomentose with semi-erect curly, stellate hairs, secondary veins rather prominently raised, adaxially dark or dull green, lustrous or somewhat glaucous, with minute, scattered, semi-erect or appressed-stellate, (4-)6 or many rayed hairs, not felty to touch, secondary veins slightly raised or prominent within depressions. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or peduncle sometimes 10-15 mm, tomentose like twigs; cup shallowly to very deeply cup-shaped, 5-12 mm deep × 8-18 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut, base rounded or flat, margin thin, scales triangular-ovate to oblong, proximal scales coarsely tuberculate and canescent-tomentose, distal ones usually elongate and narrowed, tips appressed, reddish, thin, nearly glabrous; nut light brown, ellipsoid to ovoid, 8-15 × 5-12 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_scales_surface surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: orbicular-ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
cotyledon_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
habit habit: semi-erect
habit: semi-erect
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray
color: white
color: green
color: glaucous
leaf_count low: 8, high: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
margin: denticulate
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 15.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 50.0, length_max: 80.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 30.0, width_max: 35.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: red
color: brown
nut_scales_shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: oblong
nut_scales_surface surface: canescent, location: proximal
surface: tomentose, location: proximal
nut_shape shape: elongate
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
solitary_ray_count min: 4, low: 6
stipule_duration duration: persistent
stipule_shape shape: subulate
stipule_surface surface: hairy
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
color: white
twig_shape shape: cup-shaped
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus montana Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray or brown, hard, with deep V-shaped furrows. Twigs light brown, 2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous. Buds light brown, ovoid, (3-)4-6 mm, occasionally apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)10-30 mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (100-)120-200(-220) × 60-100(-120) mm, base subacute or rounded-acuminate, often unequal, margins regularly toothed, teeth rounded or rarely somewhat acute, secondary veins ± parallel, straight or moderately curved, 10-14(-16) on each side, apex broadly acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green, appearing glabrous but with scattered minute, asymmetric, appressed-stellate hairs and usually visible, larger, simple or fascicled erect hairs along veins, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, simple hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle 8-20(-25) mm; cup shallowly cup-shaped to hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, rim thin, often flared and undulate, helmetlike, 9-15 mm deep × 18-25 mm wide, scales often in concentric or transverse rows, laterally connate, gray, broadly ovate, tips reddish, glabrous; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 15-30 × 10-20(-25) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
cotyledon_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: subacute
shape: orbicular-acuminate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: straight
shape: curved
leaf_size length_min: 100.0, length_low: 120.0, length_high: 200.0, length_max: 220.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 60.0, width_high: 100.0, width_max: 120.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_color color: brown
nut_hair_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 25.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_color color: gray
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_margin margin: undulate
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
shape: ovate
peduncle_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 18.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_tip_color color: red
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus muehlenbergii Trees , deciduous, moderate to large, to 30 m, occasionally large shrubs (ca. 3 m) on drier sites. Bark gray, thin, flaky to papery. Twigs brownish, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., sparsely fine-pubescent, soon becoming glabrate, graying in 2d year. Buds brown to red-brown, subrotund to broadly ovoid, 20-40 × (10-)15-25 mm, apex rounded, very sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (7-)10-30(-37) mm. Leaf blade usually obovate, sometimes lanceolate to oblanceolate, (32-)50-150(-210) × (10-)40-80(-106) mm, leathery, base truncate to cuneate, margins regularly undulate, toothed or shallow-lobed, teeth or lobes rounded, or acute-acuminate, often strongly antrorse, secondary veins usually (9-)10-14(-16) on each side, ± parallel, apex short-acute to acuminate or apiculate; surfaces abaxially glaucous or light green, appearing glabrate but with scattered or crowded minute, appressed, symmetric, 6-10-rayed stellate hairs, adaxially lustrous dark green, glabrate. Acorns 1-2, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 8 mm; cup hemispheric or shallowly cupped, 4-12 mm deep × 8-22 mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base rounded, margin usually thin, scales closely appressed, moderately to prominently tuberculate, uniformly short gray-pubescent; nut light brown, oblong to ovoid, (13-)15-20(-28) × l0-13(-16) mm. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
cotyledon_size length_low: 13.0, length_max: 16.0, length_units: mm
count_suffix count_suffix: lobe
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: apiculate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count min: 9, low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: undulate
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: acute-acuminate
shape: symmetric
leaf_size length_min: 32.0, length_low: 50.0, length_high: 150.0, length_max: 210.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 10.0, width_low: 40.0, width_high: 80.0, width_max: 106.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_ray_count low: 6, high: 10
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 22.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_min: 7.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 37.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: m, uncertain: True
tree_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus myrtifolia Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 12 m. Bark gray and smooth distally, dark and shallowly furrowed near base. Twigs dark red-brown, 1-2.5(-3) mm diam., persistently pubescent, rarely almost glabrous. Terminal buds reddish to purplish brown, ovoid, 2-5.5 mm, glabrous or with tuft of tawny hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1-5 mm, glabrous, occasionally sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly or broadly obovate, occasionally spatulate, 15-50(-70) × 10-25(-35) mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, somewhat revolute, with 1-4 awns, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for axillary tufts of tomentum, occasionally yellow-scurfy, adaxial surface planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly goblet-shaped, 4-7 mm high × 8.5-14.5 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface half to fully pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to globose, 9.5-14 × 8-13 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray, location: distal
bark_size length_high: 12.0, length_units: m, location: distal
bark_surface surface: smooth, location: distal
bud_color color: red, location: terminal
color: purple-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_count low: 1, high: 4
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: spatulate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 50.0, length_max: 70.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_max: 35.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: scurfy
surface: surface, location: adaxial
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
nut_size height_low: 4.0, height_high: 7.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 8.5, width_high: 14.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_max: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus nigra Trees , deciduous or tardily deciduous, to 30 m. Bark grayish black, fissures irregular, shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs dark red-brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds reddish brown, ovoid, 3-6.5 mm, puberulent throughout, occasionally densely pubescent on apical 2/3. Leaves: petiole 2-9 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade distinctly obtrullate, rarely elliptic or merely obovate, widest near apex, 30-120(-160) × 15-60(-70) mm, base attenuate or cuneate, rarely rounded, margins entire with 1 apical awn or with 2-3 shallow lobes and 2-5 awns (leaves on juvenile or 2d-flush growth may be deeply lobed with more awns), apex obtuse to blunt or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute or conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins rarely raised, adaxially glabrous with secondary veins somewhat impressed. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped, 2.5-5.5 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/4 nut or less, outer surface puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid, 9.5-14 × 9.5-14.5 mm, often faintly striate, glabrate, scar diam. 6-11.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-black
color: pink
bark_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: puberulent
surface: pubescent, location: apical
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, high: 5, location: apical
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_margin_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 160.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 70.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 2.5, height_high: 5.5, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.5, width_high: 14.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus oblongifolia Trees , evergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray or whitish, closely furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, subspheric to broadly ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous or basal scales pubescent; stipules persistent about terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 2-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, occasionally lanceolate or ovate, (20-)30-60(-80) × (5-)10-25(-30) mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire, undulate, sometimes irregularly toothed especially toward apex, secondary veins 7-8(-10) on each side, branched, apex acute or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially densely and loosely glandular-tomentose, quickly glabrate or persistently floccose, especially about base of midrib, at maturity strongly glaucous, adaxially dull pale green, bluish green, or glaucous, sparsely stellate-tomentose, quickly glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 4-12 mm; cup cup-shaped, about 6-8(-l3) mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/3 nut, scales to 1-1.5 mm wide, moderately, regularly tuberculate near base of cup, gray-pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 12-17(-19) × (7-)10-12 mm, glabrate or puberulent about apex. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: white
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous, location: basal
surface: pubescent, location: basal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_margin margin: toothed
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: green
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
leaf_count low: 7, high: 8, max: 10
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: branched
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 20.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 80.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 5.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_max: 30.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrate
surface: puberulent
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_scales_size width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: mm
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 17.0, length_max: 19.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 7.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_count low: 6, high: 8
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: mm
stipule_duration duration: persistent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus oglethorpensis Trees , deciduous, to 18(-25) m. Bark light gray or whitish, scaly. Twigs brownish red, ca. 1 mm diam., sparsely pubescent, glabrate with age. Buds reddish brown, globose, to 2-2.5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-7 mm. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, ± planar, not strongly convexly cupped, 50-150 × 20-45 mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire or on vigorous shoots sometimes sinuate near apex, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex rounded, obtuse or broadly acute; surfaces abaxially yellowish green, covered with persistent velvety branched hairs, adaxially dark green, dull or glossy, sparsely stellate, often somewhat sandpapery with harsh hairs. Acorns 1-2, subsessile or on peduncle to 7 mm; cup turbinate, somewhat constricted proximally, 8 mm deep × 10 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or more, scales closely appressed, finely tan-pubescent; nut gray brown, ovoid, 9-11 × (5-)7-9 mm, finely puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: white
bark_size length_low: 18.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: spheric
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_margin margin: sinuate
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-green
color: green
leaf_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_duration duration: persistent
leaf_hair_shape shape: branched
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 45.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: tan
color: gray-brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 5.0, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2
peduncle_shape shape: turbinate
peduncle_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown-red
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_units: mm, uncertain: True
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus pacifica Shrubs, rarely small trees , subevergreen, shrubs to 2 m, trees to 5 m or taller. Bark scaly on older branches and trunk. Twigs brownish or reddish, minutely puberulent, becoming glabrate and gray with age. Buds light or chestnut brown, ovate or globose, 2-3 × 1-2 mm. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblong, planar to moderately convex or undulate, 15-40 × 7-20(-40) mm, base cuneate or rounded, attenuate-decurrent along petiole, margins minutely cartilaginous, entire or with 1-5 irregular teeth on each side, secondary veins obscure, 1-5 on each side, apex blunt or rounded, occasionally subacute with mucronate tip; surfaces abaxially waxy, glandular, with scattered minute, flat, appressed, ± 8-rayed stellate hairs, not obscuring surface, adaxially green, glossy, glabrate or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns paired or solitary in leaf axil, subsessile, rarely pedunculate in teratological forms; cup hemispheric to turbinate, to 15 mm deep × 20 mm wide, enclosing only 1/4-1/2 nut, scales moderately to heavily tuberculate, irregularly formed; nut light brown, acute-cylindric or fusiform, tapered, (15-)20-30 × (6-)9-15 m, apex acute, glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovate
leaf_count low: 1, high: 5
leaf_margin margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: spheric
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: convex
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: mm
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: acute-cylindric
shape: fusiform
nut_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_min: 15.0, length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: m, width_min: 6.0, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: m
nut_surface surface: glabrate
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
petiole_color color: green
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
petiole_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 40.0, width_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: surface
surface: glabrate
petiole_tip_shape shape: subacute
shape: mucronate
petiole_tooth_count low: 1, high: 5
petiole_tooth_margin margin: entire
petiole_tooth_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
petiole_venation venation: vein
shrub_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: m
solitary_ray_count low: 8
solitary_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
tree_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: brown
color: red
color: gray
twig_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus pagoda Trees , deciduous, to 40 m. Bark nearly black with narrow and noticeably flaky ridges, often resembling that of wild black cherry, inner bark orange. Twigs yellowish brown, 2-3.5 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light reddish brown, ovoid, 4-9 mm, strongly 5-angled in cross section, puberulent throughout. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrate or pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 90-300 × 60-160 mm, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, margins with 5-11 lobes and 10-25 awns, lobes oblong, rarely falcate, terminal lobe rarely exceeding lateral lobes in length, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale, tomentose, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-7 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut subglobose, 9-15 × 8-16 mm, often striate, puberulent, scar diam. 5-9 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
color: black
color: orange
bark_size length_high: 40.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 11
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 90.0, length_high: 300.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 60.0, width_high: 160.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 7.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 10, high: 25
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: yellow-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus palmeri Small trees and shrubs , to 2-3 m. Twigs rigid, divaricately branched at 65-90° angles, reddish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent, sparsely so in 2d year. Terminal buds ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm, round in cross section, glabrous to sparsely fasciculate-pubescent. Leaf blade suborbiculate, elliptic to round-ovate, 20-30(-50) × 20-40 mm, crisped, leathery and brittle, base obtuse to strongly subcordate, secondary veins 5-8(-12) pairs, each terminating in spine, basal pairs recurving, others branching at 45° angles, raised abaxially, margins spinose-dentate to occasionally entire, with highly thickened cell walls, spines cartilaginous, (1-)1.5-2 mm, apex broadly rounded or subacute, spinose; surfaces abaxially glaucous with waxy layer, often obscured by golden brown glandular hairs, adaxially grayish dark green, scurfy with fasciculate erect and twisting hairs. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup turbinate to saucer-shaped, margins involute, often irregular, 7-10 mm deep × 10-25(-35) mm wide, scales appressed, embedded, often appearing laterally connate into concentric rings with only tip of scale visible, tuberculate, densely golden-tomentose throughout; nut oblong to fusiform, 20-30 × 10-15 mm, apex acute.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: subcordate
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: gray-green
leaf_count low: 5, high: 8, max: 12, count_group: pairs
leaf_hair_color color: golden-brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: scurfy
leaf_margin margin: crisped
margin: dentate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: recurving
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 50.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
length_min: 1.0, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: fusiform
nut_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
petiole_shape shape: orbicular
shape: fasciculate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
solitary_color color: golden
solitary_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: involute
solitary_shape shape: turbinate
shape: saucerlike
shape: bilaterally symmetric
solitary_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_max: 35.0, width_units: mm
solitary_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_shape shape: branched
twig_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus palustris Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark grayish brown, fissures broad, shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs reddish brown, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., soon becoming glabrous. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, glabrous or with a few fine hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 50-160 × 50-120 mm, base cuneate to broadly obtuse or truncate with basal pair of lobes often somewhat recurved, margins with 5-7 lobes and 10-30 awns, lobes acute or attenuate or distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin, saucer-shaped, 3-6 mm high × 9.5-16 mm wide, covering 1/4 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface glabrous or with a few hairs around scar, scale tips tightly appressed, acute to obtuse; nut globose or ovoid, 10-16 × 9-15 mm, often conspicuously striate, glabrous, scar diam. 5.5-9 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: pink
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 7
leaf_lobe_shape shape: recurved
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 160.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 120.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 6.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 9.5, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_lobe_count low: 10, high: 30
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus phellos Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. Twigs reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy. Leaf blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: orange
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_margin_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: linear
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 25.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: hemispheric
nut_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 6.5, height_units: mm, width_low: 7.5, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6.5, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_venation venation: striate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: hairy
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus polymorpha Trees , subevergreen, to 20 m. Bark gray to brown, scaly. Twigs reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 3-10 mm, apex acute, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole (6-)15-25 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate or lance-ovate, sometimes obovate, 50-100(-150) × 30-60(-80) mm, base rounded or cordate, margins entire or obscurely or prominently serrate-toothed in distal 1/3 blade, revolute, secondary veins moderately curved, 10-12(-14) on each side, apex rounded, acuminate or retuse, sometimes with prominent drip-tip; surfaces abaxially light green, sometimes rather glaucous, veinlets raised, forming raised reticulum, floccose or tomentose with erect, golden hairs, soon glabrate, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, floccose or tomentose when immature, soon glabrate, secondary and tertiary veins impressed. Acorns 1-2 on peduncle 5-30 mm; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 10-13 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, including ca. 1/2 nut, scales appressed, thickened basally, gray-canescent; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 14-20(-25) × 8-13 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
count_suffix count_suffix: tooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
leaf_count low: 10, high: 12, max: 14
leaf_hair_color color: golden
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: distal
margin: serrate, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: curved
shape: acuminate
shape: retuse
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 100.0, length_max: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 30.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 80.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 12.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: canescent
surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 2
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus prinoides Shrubs , deciduous, (0.5-)1-3(-5, 10?) m, sometimes spreading-rhizomatous. Bark gray, thin, flaky to papery. Twigs brownish, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., sparsely fine-pubescent, soon becoming glabrate, graying in 2d year. Buds brown to red-brown, subrotund to broadly ovoid, 1-3 mm, apex rounded, very sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (7-)8-15(-25) mm. Leaf blade lanceolate to oblanceolate or usually obovate, 40-140 × 20-60(-80) mm, leathery, base truncate to cuneate, margins regularly undulate, toothed or shallow-lobed, teeth usually acute, sometimes rounded, or acute-acuminate, often strongly antrorse, secondary veins usually 5-8(-9) on each side, ± parallel, apex short-acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glaucous or light green, appearing glabrate, with scattered or crowded minute, appressed, symmetric, 6-10-rayed, stellate hairs, adaxially lustrous dark green, glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 3-8 mm; cup deeply or shallowly cup-shaped, 9-12 mm deep × 13-17(-22) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/3 nut, base rounded, margin usually thin, scales rather tightly appressed, moderately tuberculate, uniformly short gray-pubescent; nut light brown, oblong to ovoid, (13-)15-20 × l0-13 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_count low: 10
bud_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bud_color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
cotyledon_size length_low: 13.0, length_units: mm
count_suffix count_suffix: lobe
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 5, high: 8, max: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: undulate
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: acute-acuminate
shape: symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 60.0, width_max: 80.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_shape shape: acute
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_base_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 13.0, width_high: 17.0, width_max: 22.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_min: 7.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm
shrub_count low: 5
solitary_ray_count low: 6, high: 10
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus pumila Shrubs , deciduous or tardily deciduous, to 1 m. Bark gray to dark brown. Twigs gray-brown to reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds brown to red-brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous or with ciliate scale margins. Leaves: petiole 1.5-4.5 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade oblong to narrowly obovate, 25-100 × 10-33 mm, base acute to rounded, margins entire, revolute, with 1 apical awn, apex acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially uniformly gray-brown pubescent, rarely glabrate, adaxially somewhat convex, rugose, glabrous or with scattered hairs along midrib. Acorns annual; cup deeply saucer-shaped to turbinate, 5-12 mm high × 10-15 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2(-2/3) nut, outer surface pubescent, inner surface densely pubescent, scales rarely involute, often tuberculate, tips tightly appressed, acute; nut globose to ovoid or broadly oblong, 9.5-15 × 9-12 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray-brown
leaf_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: convex
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 33.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
nut_scales_leaf_folding leaf_folding: involute
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
shape: acute
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 12.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: annual
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus pungens Shrubs or moderate-sized trees , evergreen or subevergreen. Bark light brown, papery. Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., short velvety-tomentose, glabrate with age. Buds dark red-brown, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-40(-90) × 10-20(-40) mm, rather thick, leathery, stiff, base rounded or minutely cordate, very rarely cuneate, margins regularly undulate-crisped, not revolute, coarsely toothed or incised with acute teeth or spinose lobes, secondary veins 5-8(-14) on each side, usually branched before passing into teeth, apex acute or obtuse, rarely rounded, spine-tipped; surfaces abaxially canescent, usually densely stellate-pubescent, and mixed with stiff, harsh, stellate hairs, often sandpapery to touch, rarely glabrate, adaxially yellowish green, glossy, usually rough and sandpapery because of minute, persistent hair bases, rarely glabrate. Acorns subsessile or on peduncle to 3 mm; cup shallowly to deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, to 8 mm deep × l3 mm wide, covering ca. 1/4 nut, margin thin, scales reddish brown, moderately tuberculate or keeled, densely gray-tomentose; nut light brown, broadly ovoid to subcylindric, to 10 × 10 mm, apex rounded to subacute, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-green
leaf_count low: 5, high: 8, max: 14
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_duration duration: persistent
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: undulate-crisped
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 40.0, length_max: 90.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_max: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: canescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_margin margin: toothed
leaf_tooth_shape shape: incised
shape: acute
shape: branched
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_scales_color color: red-brown
nut_shape shape: keeled
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindrical
nut_size length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
peduncle_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus robur Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs brown, 2-3 mm diam., glabrous. Buds dark brown, ovoid, distally obtuse, 2-3 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (some cultivars oblanceolate), (50-)70-150(-200) × (20-)35-85(-100) mm, base strongly cordate, often minutely revolute or folded, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or retuse distally, sinuses extending 1/3-7/8 distance to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, glabrous at maturity, adaxially deep green to light green or gray, dull or glossy. Acorns 1-3, on very thin (1-2 mm diam.), flexuous peduncle (25-)35-65(-100) mm; cup hemispheric to deeply goblet-shaped, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut or more, scales closely appressed, often in concentric rows, finely grayish tomentose; nut brown, ovoid, oblong, or cylindric, 15-30(-35) × 12-20 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: obtuse, location: distally
bud_surface surface: glabrous
cotyledon_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 35.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_color color: green
color: green-green
color: gray
leaf_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
shape: retuse
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: arched
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
length_min: 50.0, length_low: 70.0, length_high: 150.0, length_max: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 20.0, width_low: 35.0, width_high: 85.0, width_max: 100.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: cylindric
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
peduncle_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
length_min: 25.0, length_low: 35.0, length_high: 65.0, length_max: 100.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus robusta Trees , deciduous, to 13 m. Bark brown or black, roughly furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., densely pubescent or glabrate. Terminal buds glossy light brown, acutely ovoid, 4-7 mm, glabrous or pubescent on apical 1/2. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm, pubescent or glabrate. Leaf blade acutely ovate to elliptic, widest at or proximal to middle, 55-120 × 20-50 mm, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins with 6-8 teeth or shallow lobes with rounded sinuses, rarely entire, 1-10 awns, apex acute or attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for small axillary tufts of tomentum or pubescent along midrib, adaxially glabrous or persistently pubescent near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup deeply cup-shaped, 6-9 mm high × 8-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent or glabrate, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scales tightly appressed, acute or attenuate; nut oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 10-22 × 7-10 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 3.5-4.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bark_size length_high: 13.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: glossy-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous, location: apical
surface: pubescent, location: apical
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_base_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_sinus_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 55.0, length_high: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 50.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: pubescent, location: axillary
leaf_tooth_count low: 6, high: 8
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: axillary
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: oblong
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
petiole_count low: 1, high: 10
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus rubra Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark gray or dark gray, ridges wide, shiny, separated by shallow fissures, inner bark pinkish. Twigs reddish brown, 2-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, 4-7 mm, glabrous or with tuft of reddish hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 25-50 mm, glabrous, often red tinged. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 120-200 × 60-120 mm, base broadly cuneate to almost truncate, margins with 7-11 lobes and 12-50 awns, lobes oblong, occasionally distally expanded, separated by shallow sinuses, sinuses usually extending less than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, often glaucous, glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially dull green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to cup-shaped, 5-12 mm high × 18-30 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales less than 4 mm, often with dark margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse; nut ovoid to oblong, 15-30 × 10-21 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 6.5-12.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray
color: pink
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_color color: red, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 7, high: 11
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_sinus_venation venation: midrib
leaf_size length_low: 120.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 60.0, width_high: 120.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.5, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
color: red-brown
nut_scales_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: obtuse
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 12.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 18.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 21.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: red-tinged
petiole_lobe_count low: 12, high: 50
petiole_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus rugosa Shrubs or trees , evergreen, usually moderate-sized, rarely large. Bark light or dark brown, scaly. Twigs brown, turning gray with age, 1-2 mm diam., tomentose to tomentulose, variously glabrate or persistently pubescent. Buds brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent or eventually glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 7 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or panduriform to orbiculate or elliptic, rarely narrowly obovate, usually cupped, strongly concave proximally, sometimes planar, to 100 × 70 mm, stiff, leathery, base deeply or shallowly cordate, margins usually somewhat revolute, cartilaginously thickened, undulately crisped or flat with inconspicuous or coarse mucronate teeth near apex, secondary veins 8-10(-12) on each side, branched, apex broadly rounded, rarely subacute; surfaces abaxially dull, glaucous, or densely brownish tomentose, becoming nearly glabrate or pubescence persistent, especially about midribs, secondary veins very prominently raised, reticulate, adaxially dark green, lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent especially about base of midrib, secondary veins impressed. Acorns 1-3 or more on slender axillary peduncle 30-60 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, to 9 mm deep × 15 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales loosely appressed, characteristically somewhat spreading, brown, ovate, tuberculate-thickened or only slightly so, tomentose or obscurely tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to elliptic, to 20 × l5 mm, glabrous or minutely villous. Cotyledons distinct, often reddish or purple.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_color color: red
color: purple
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: stellate
leaf_base_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: brown
color: green
leaf_count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
duration: persistent
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: concave
shape: branched
shape: subacute
leaf_size length_low: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 70.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_margin margin: crisped
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: impressed
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
nut_size length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: villose
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3, location: axillary
peduncle_shape shape: slender
shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
peduncle_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus sadleriana Shrubs , evergreen, to 1-3 m, rhizomatous. Bark gray, smooth. Twigs reddish or brown, pruinose, 3-4 mm diam., glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent around buds. Buds yellowish or tan, broadly ovoid or globose, 8-10 mm; scales loose, acute-ovate, silky. Leaves persisting on branches 2-3 years old; stipules often persistent, to 15 mm, golden-silky; petiole 15-25 mm. Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, 70-140 × 35-80 mm, base rounded or rounded-acuminate, rarely subcordate, margins serrate, not deeply lobed, teeth antrorse-acuminate, sharply mucronate, secondary veins prominent, parallel, straight, (8-)10-15 on each side, apex acuminate or acute; surfaces abaxially light green, waxy, with sparse or scattered, minute, asymmetric, appressed, 4-8-rayed stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm diam., and prominent raised stomates giving surface minute granular appearance, adaxially dark green, glabrous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 7-9 mm deep × 10-18 mm wide, scales gray, moderately tuberculate, tips reddish brown; nut light brown, ovoid or subglobose, 15-20 × 10-15 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
branch_count low: 2, high: 3
bud_color color: yellow
color: tan
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
shape: acute-ovate
bud_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: silky
cotyledon_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular-acuminate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_count min: 8, low: 10, high: 15
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: subcordate
shape: mucronate
shape: straight
leaf_size length_low: 70.0, length_high: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 35.0, width_high: 80.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: surface
surface: granular
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
solitary_hair_size diameter_low: 0.1, diameter_high: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
solitary_ray_count low: 4, high: 8
solitary_scales_color color: gray
solitary_shape shape: hemispheric
solitary_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
solitary_tip_color color: red-brown
stipule_color color: golden
stipule_duration duration: persistent
stipule_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
stipule_surface surface: silky
twig_color color: red
color: brown
twig_size diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae Quercus shumardii Trees , deciduous, to 35 m. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, shallowly fissured with scaly or light-colored flat ridges, inner bark pinkish. Twigs gray to light brown, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to grayish brown, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 4-8 mm, often noticeably 5-angled in cross section, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 100-200 × 60-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, occasionally acute, margins with 5-9 lobes and 15-50 awns, lobes oblong or distally expanded, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for prominent axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 7-12 mm high × 15-30 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface light-brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often with pale margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid to oblong, occasionally subglobose, 14-30 × 10-20 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 6.5-12 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
color: pink
bark_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: gray, location: terminal
color: gray-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf_count low: 5
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 9
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 100.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 60.0, width_high: 150.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
color: red-brown
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: subglobose
nut_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 12.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 14.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
petiole_lobe_count low: 15, high: 50
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: gray
color: brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus similis Trees , deciduous, to 25 m, with single straight trunk. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs grayish, 2-3 mm diam., persistently tomentulose. Buds brown, ovoid, 2-3 mm, apex acute or rounded, proximally pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm. Leaf blade obovate or narrowly obovate, (50-)75-120(-150) × 50-65(-80) mm, base rounded-attenuate or acute, margins flat, shallowly 2-3-lobed on each side, lobes usually simple, oblong or rounded, rarely spatulate, not cruciform, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly ovate or acute; surfaces abaxially grayish, sparsely glandular and sparsely appressed-stellate, adaxially dark green, glossy, sparsely stellate. Acorns 1-3, subsessile; cup 6-7 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, scales closely appressed, grayish, finely tomentulose; nut light brown or dark reddish brown, ovoid or oblong, 12-16 × 8-12 mm, puberulent or glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent, location: proximal
cotyledon_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: ovate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: gray
color: green
color: gray
leaf_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
shape: cruciform
shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 50.0, length_low: 75.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 50.0, width_high: 65.0, width_max: 80.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: tomentulose
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
color: red-brown
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
petiole_lobe_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
trunk_count low: 1
trunk_shape shape: straight
twig_color color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
Fagaceae Quercus sinuata Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 15(-20) m, with solitary or multiple trunks. Bark gray to light brown, flaky to papery and exfoliating. Twigs light gray or gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent. Buds brown or reddish brown, broadly ovoid, 2-3 mm, essentially glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, or narrowly rhomboid, or cuneiform, or rounded-3-dentate, (25-)30-120(-140) × (15-)25-60 mm, base acute, cuneate, attenuate-rounded, or obtuse, margins entire to irregularly toothed or moderately, sinuately lobed, flat, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, apex broadly rounded, rarely attenuately narrowed or obscurely 3-lobed; surfaces abaxially silvery or dull green, with scattered to crowded, minute, appressed-stellate, 8-10-rayed hairs, or glabrate or glabrous, especially in shade forms, adaxially green or dull green, glabrous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 1-7 mm; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 2-8 mm deep × 8-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/8-1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin, scales closely appressed, grayish with reddish margins, ovate, flat, obtuse, not tuberculate; nut light brown, depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-15 × 7-12(-17) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bud_color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: silver
color: green
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 3
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: rhomboid
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate-orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 25.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 25.0, width_high: 60.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: brown
nut_margin_color color: gray
color: red
nut_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: obtuse
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 17.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_lobe_count low: 3
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_count low: 7, high: 11
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size length_low: 15.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: m
solitary_ray_count low: 8, high: 10
twig_color color: gray
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_max: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
Fagaceae Quercus sinuata var. breviloba Shrubs or trees , rarely small, usually moderate, (0.5-)1-3(-5) m, often clonal with multiple trunks. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm. Leaf blade (25-)30-60(-100) × (15-)20-40(-60) mm. Acorns: cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, to 3-8 mm deep × 8-12 mm wide, enclosing 1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin; nut depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-12(-15) × 7-10 mm, glabrous.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
leaf_size length_min: 25.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_max: 60.0, width_units: mm
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus sinuata var. sinuata Trees , to 15(-20) m, with solitary trunks. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade 50-120(-140) × (20-)25-60 mm. Acorns: cup very shallowly saucer-shaped and flat abaxially and adaxially to shallowly cup-shaped with constricted bases, 2-5 mm deep × (9-)10-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/4 nut or less; nut subrotund to ovoid or elliptic, 12-15(-18) × 8-12(-17) mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_base_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 120.0, length_max: 140.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 20.0, width_low: 25.0, width_high: 60.0, width_units: mm
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
width_min: 9.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 18.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 17.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: mm
tree_size length_low: 15.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus stellata Trees , deciduous, to 20(-30) m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs yellowish or grayish, (2-)3-5 mm diam., densely stellate-pubescent. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, to 4 mm, apex obtuse or acute, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-15(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate, elliptic or obtriangular, 40-150(-200) × 20-100(-120) mm, rather stiff and hard, base rounded-attenuate to cordate, sometimes cuneate, margins shallowly to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or spatulate, usually distal 2 lobes divergent at right angles to midrib in cruciform pattern, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially yellowish green, with crowded yellowish glandular hairs and scattered minute, 6-8-rayed, appressed or semi-appressed stellate hairs, not velvety to touch, adaxially dark or yellowish green, dull or glossy, sparsely stellate, often somewhat sandpapery with harsh hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 6(-40) mm; cup deeply saucer-shaped, proximally rounded or constricted, 7-12(-18) mm deep × (7-)10-15(-25) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-2/3 nut, scales tightly appressed, finely grayish pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or globose, 10-20 × 8-12(-20) mm, glabrous or finely puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-green
color: yellow-green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: yellow
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, location: distal
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
shape: cruciform
leaf_lobe_venation venation: midrib, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obtriangular
shape: cuneate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 150.0, length_max: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 100.0, width_max: 120.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
nut_ray_count low: 6, high: 8
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_max: 18.0, length_units: mm
width_min: 7.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 25.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: orbicular, location: proximally
peduncle_size length_low: 6.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 3, high: 5
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_min: 2.0, diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 5.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus tardifolia Trees , evergreen. Bark gray, furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., densely pubescent. Terminal buds brown or reddish brown, ellipsoid or ovoid, 3.5-5.5 mm, apex hairy, scales with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, pubescent or glabrate. Leaf blade broadly elliptic or obovate, widest at or distal to middle, planar, 50-100 × 20-70 mm, base cordate or occasionally rounded, margins with 3-4 lobes with shallow sinuses, 6-12 awns, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially conspicuously tomentose, primary and secondary veins raised, adaxially somewhat rugose, glabrate. Acorns biennial, immature acorns in pairs, mature acorns not known.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bud_apex_surface surface: hairy
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 4
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 100.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 70.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
petiole_count low: 6, high: 12
petiole_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus texana Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. Twigs red-brown to gray, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: gray, location: terminal
color: gray-brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_margin margin: ciliate, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 6, high: 11
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: inequilateral
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 75.0, length_high: 200.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 55.0, width_high: 130.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: axillary
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_base_surface surface: surface
nut_color color: orange
nut_shape shape: acute
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 16.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 22.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 26.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 13.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
petiole_lobe_count low: 9, high: 24
petiole_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus tomentella Trees , to 20 m. Twigs branching at 45° angles, reddish brown, 3-4 mm diam., somewhat rigid, densely tomentose, persistent into 2d year. Terminal buds conic, 7-10 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm, rusty-villous, flattened adaxially. Leaf blade wavy or distinctly concave, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, (30-)70-10(-120) × 25-40 mm, leathery and brittle, base obtuse to cordate, secondary veins 8-10(-12) pairs, branching at 45-50° angles, strongly pinnate, raised abaxially, often sunken adaxially, margins often strongly revolute, with slightly thickened cell walls, entire or crenate to dentate with mucronate teeth, apex rounded or acute, mucronate; surfaces abaxially densely tomentose with whitish nonglandular hairs, midrib pilose, adaxially glossy dark green, sparsely pubescent. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup shallowly cup-shaped, 4-8 mm deep × 15-30 mm wide, scales laterally connate, appressed, deeply imbedded in tomentum, with only thin, brown, elongated apices visible, tuberculate, densely whitish brown tomentose throughout; nut ovoid, 20-30 × 15-20 mm, apex rounded.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_color color: brown
bud_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
habit habit: branching
habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: glossy-green
leaf_count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12, count_group: pairs
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: tomentose
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: concave
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf_size length_min: 30.0, length_low: 70.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 120.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 25.0, width_high: 40.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
margin: crenate
margin: dentate
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: pinnate
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 15.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
solitary_color color: brown
color: white-brown
solitary_shape shape: cup-shaped
solitary_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 15.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: mm
solitary_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_duration duration: persistent
twig_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: m
diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Quercus toumeyi Shrubs or small trees , deciduous or subevergreen. Bark dark gray to almost black, scaly. Twigs brownish, 1-2 mm, usually persistently pubescent. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, ca. 1 mm. Leaves: petiole 2-3.5 mm. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, 15-25(-30) × (6-)8-12(-15) mm, base obtuse or cuneate, rarely subcordate, margins strongly cartilaginous, entire, sometimes sparsely mucronate-dentate toward apex, secondary veins 7-8 on each side, apex acute, sometimes rounded; surfaces abaxially dull gray, microscopically pubescent with long, soft, white or yellow hairs concentrated in tufts along midvein and base, adaxially glossy green, sparsely minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 2 mm; cup cup-shaped, 6 mm deep × ca. 8-9 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/3 nut, scales moderately tuberculate; nut light brown, narrowly ovoid or elliptic, 8-15 × 6-8 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: black
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_shape shape: ovoid
cotyledon_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_margin margin: mucronate-dentate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: gray
color: glossy-green
leaf_count low: 7, high: 8
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: white
color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: subcordate
shape: orbicular
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 6.0, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_max: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_shape shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
twig_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus turbinella Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or subevergreen, to 4 m. Bark light gray or brown, scaly. Twigs brown to gray, 1-3 mm diam., usually tomentulose, sometimes glabrous, becoming glabrate. Buds brown, round to ovoid, 1-2 mm, minutely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, (1.5-)20-30 × (5-)10-15(-20) mm, thick, leathery, base cordate or rounded, margins planar or slightly crisped-undulate, coarsely 3-5-toothed or very shallowly lobed on each side, teeth spinose with spines 1-1.5 mm, secondary veins 4-8 on each side, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially yellow or reddish, usually glaucous, minutely stellate-puberulent, adaxially grayish, glaucous, or yellowish glandular, glabrous or sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Acorns solitary or several, on axillary peduncle 10-40 mm; cup hemispheric or shallowly cup-shaped, 4-6 mm deep × 8-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, scales tightly appressed, ovate, moderately tuberculate, grayish or yellowish puberulent; nut light brown, ovoid, to 20 × 11 mm, minutely puberulent or glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown
bud_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: yellow
color: red
color: glaucous
color: gray
color: glaucous
color: yellow
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_lobe_count low: 3, high: 5, leaf_margin: tooth
leaf_margin margin: crisped-undulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 1.5, length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 5.0, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_max: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 11.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrate
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: mm, location: axillary
petiole_count low: 4, high: 8
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
twig_color color: brown
color: gray
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus vaccinifolia Shrubs , low spreading to often prostrate, to 1.5 m. Twigs branching at 45° angles or less, reddish brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., flexible, glabrous to sparsely pubesent. Terminal buds conic, 2.5 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm, sparsely pubescent, flattened adaxially. Leaf blade oblong-ovate, 10-35 × 7-15 mm, flat, thin, leathery, base slightly rounded to acute, secondary veins inconspicuous, 6-8 pairs, branching at 45-60° angles, with weakly thickened cell walls, margins entire or indistinctly and irregularly mucronately toothed, apex acute or rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially whitish green with waxy layer, glabrous or slightly pubescent with stellate hairs, adaxially dull gray-green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with stellate hairs. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup shallowly saucer-shaped to slightly turbinate, 3-4 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, scales appressed, slightly embedded, moderately silvery brown-pubescent; nut ovoid, 8-17 × 5-10 mm, apex acute; nut scar to 3 mm diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_margin margin: ciliate
bud_scales_color color: brown
bud_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm
habit habit: prostrate
habit: branching
habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_color color: white-green
color: gray-green
leaf_count low: 6, high: 8, count_group: pairs
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaf_shape shape: oblong-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_color color: silver-brown
solitary_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
solitary_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
solitary_surface surface: pubescent
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus vaseyana Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark dark brown, furrowed and exfoliating in long strips. Twigs reddish or grayish brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., short stellate-tomentose or tomentulose, later glabrate or persistently pubescent, rarely glabrous. Buds dark red-brown or gray, round-ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 5 mm. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to usually oblong, mostly planar or slightly convex, 20-60(-90) × 10-20 mm, often rather leathery, base cuneate to rounded, margins coarsely 3-5-toothed on each side or shallowly lobed or entire, with teeth or lobes acute or obtuse, mucronate-tipped, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, usually branched, apex acute, rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially densely stellate with minute appressed hairs, rarely glabrate and lustrous green, adaxially dark green, lustrous, glabrous or very sparsely stellate-puberulent. Acorns subsessile or on peduncle 2-3 mm; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-4 mm deep × 10 mm wide, margin thin, scales reddish brown, strongly, regularly tuberculate; nut light brown, ovoid to oblong or subcylindric, to 12 × 12 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bud_color color: red-brown
color: gray
bud_shape shape: orbicular-ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
cotyledon_size length_low: 12.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_lobe_margin margin: entire
leaf_lobe_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_margin_count low: 3, high: 5, leaf_margin: tooth
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: convex
shape: mucronate
shape: branched
shape: obtuse
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 90.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: cylindrical
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_scales_color color: red-brown
peduncle_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm
petiole_count low: 4, high: 6
petiole_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red
color: gray-brown
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrate
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Quercus velutina Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown to black, deeply furrowed, ridges often broken into irregular blocks, inner bark yellow or orange. Twigs dark reddish brown, (1.5-)2.5-4.5(-5) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds ovoid or ellipsoid to subconic, 6-12 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny- or gray-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 25-70 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to obovate, (80-)100-300 × 80-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, inequilateral, margins with 5-9 lobes and 15-50 awns, lobes oblong or distally expanded, separated by deep sinuses, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous except for small axillary tufts of tomentum or with scattered pubescence, especially along veins, adaxially glossy, dark green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup cup-shaped or turbinate, 7-14 mm high × 12-22 mm wide, covering 1/2 nut, cup margins not involute, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute to acuminate; nut subglobose to ovoid, 10-20 × 10-18 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5.5-12 mm. n = 12 ± 1; 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
color: yellow
color: orange
bark_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bark_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: gray
bud_count low: 5
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 9
leaf_lobe_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: inequilateral
leaf_size length_min: 80.0, length_low: 100.0, length_high: 300.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 80.0, width_high: 150.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous, location: axillary
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
nut_count low: 1
nut_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: involute
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 14.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 12.0, width_high: 22.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
petiole_lobe_count low: 15, high: 50
petiole_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 70.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_max: 5.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus viminea Trees , evergreen or drought-deciduous, to 10 m. Twigs brown to dark reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, acutely ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, widest at or proximal to middle, 35-60[-150] × 7-10 mm, base usually rounded or obtuse, often oblique, occasionally somewhat cordate, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with prominent tufts of tomentum near base of blade, adaxially glabrous or with pubescence along midrib and scattered on blade. Acorns (not known within our range) biennial; cup cup-shaped, 5-8 mm high × 8-10 mm wide, covering ca. 1/3 nut, inner surface pubescent, scales with appressed, obtuse tips; nut ovoid, 9-15 × 7-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_margin_count low: 1, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblique
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 35.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
nut_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 8.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
nut_tip_shape shape: obtuse
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Quercus virginiana Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 35 m, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous. Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs yellowish to light gray, 1-3 mm diam., minutely puberulent or stellate-pubescent, glabrate in 2d year. Buds reddish or dark brown, subglobose or ovate, 1-2 mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-10(-20) mm. Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes orbiculate or lance-ovate, ± planar, (10-)35-90(-150) × (15-)20-40(-85) mm, base cuneate to rounded, rarely truncate or cordate, margins minutely revolute or flat, entire or irregularly 1-3-toothed on each side, teeth mucronate, secondary veins obscure, 6-9(-12) on each side, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle (3-)10-20 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, base often constricted; scales whitish or grayish, proximally thickened, keeled, tomentulose, tips reddish, acute-attenuate, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, barrel-shaped, ovoid, or obcylindric, 15-20(-25) × 8-15 mm, apex rounded or blunt, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: black
bud_color color: red
color: brown
bud_margin_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
bud_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovate
bud_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: white
color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
leaf_count low: 1, high: 3, leaf_margin: tooth
low: 6, high: 9, max: 12
leaf_hair_shape shape: fused-stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_min: 10.0, length_low: 35.0, length_high: 90.0, length_max: 150.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 15.0, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 40.0, width_max: 85.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrate
surface: glabrous
leaf_tooth_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_venation venation: vein
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 1, high: 3
peduncle_scales_color color: white
color: gray
peduncle_shape shape: hemispheric
shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
peduncle_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
width_low: 8.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
peduncle_tip_color color: red
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: yellow
color: gray
twig_shape shape: stellate
twig_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: puberulent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrate
Fagaceae Quercus wislizenii Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 22 m. Bark nearly black, deeply furrowed with broad scaly ridges. Twigs brown to red-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown to dark reddish brown, ovoid to conic, 3-9 mm, glabrous or with tuft of minute hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 3-20 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade circular to oblong, usually ovate, planar, 25-70 × 20-50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins entire or spinose with up to 16 awns, apex acute to rounded; surfaces abaxially and adaxially glabrous, veins little raised on either surface. Acorns biennial; cup deeply and narrowly cup-shaped or U-shaped, 9-19 mm high × 7-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2(-2/3) nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface glabrous or pubescent on innermost 1/3, occasionally uniformly pubescent, scales acute, tips loose; nut narrowly conic or ovoid to narrowly oblong, 21-44 × 8-14 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 2.5-7.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
bark_size length_high: 22.0, length_units: m
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_hair_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: obtuse
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_count low: 16
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 70.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 20.0, width_high: 50.0, width_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_scales_shape shape: acute
nut_shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
nut_size height_low: 9.0, height_high: 19.0, height_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 21.0, length_high: 44.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.5, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
plant_duration plant_duration: biennial
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig_size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
twig_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Juglandaceae Carya Trees, rarely shrubs , 3-52 m. Bark gray or brownish, smooth with fissures in younger trees, becoming ridged and sometimes deeply furrowed or exfoliating with small platelike scales or long strips or broad plates. Twigs greenish, orangish, reddish, or rusty brown, or bronze, terete, slender or stout, pubescent and scaly or glabrous; leaf scars shield-shaped or 3-lobed, large; pith solid and homogeneous. Bud scales valvate or imbricate, glabrous or variously pubescent; axillary buds protected by pair of valvate bracteoles (i.e., prophylls) or bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves odd-pinnate; petiole pubescent and/or scaly or glabrous. Leaflets 3-17(-21), petiolulate, distal leaflets largest, 2-26 × 1-14 cm; surfaces abaxially with nonglandular hairs (unicellular common to all species, fasciculate with 2-8 rays in 1 rank, multiradiate with 8-17 rays in 2 ranks) and glandular scales (capitate-glandular and large peltate scales common to all species; small peltate scales round, irregular, or 2- or 4-lobed), adaxially with scattered hairs and scattered to abundant scales in spring or concentrated along midrib and secondary veins to essentially glabrous in the fall. Staminate catkins in fascicles of 3 (except sect. Rhamphocarya of se Asia) from 1st-, sometimes 2d-year twigs, sessile or pedunculate; stamens 3-10(-15) per flower, with or without hairs. Pistillate flowers in terminal few-flowered spikes. Fruits nuts enclosed in husks, compressed or not compressed, husks completely or partially dehiscing, sutures smooth or winged; nuts brown, reddish brown, or tan, sometimes mottled with black or tan, compressed or not compressed, angled or not angled, smooth, rugulose, or verrucose; shells thin or thick. Seeds sweet or bitter. x = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 52.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_ray_count low: 2
bract_shape shape: valvate
shape: fused
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
bud_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
catkin_lobe_count low: 2, high: 4
count_suffix count_suffix: flower
fascicles_count_staminate low: 3, sex: staminate
leaf_lobe_count low: 3
leaf_ray_count low: 8, high: 17
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 3, high: 17, max: 21
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
leaflet_ray_count low: 2, high: 8
leaflet_ray_shape shape: fasciculate
leaflet_scales_shape shape: capitate
shape: peltate
shape: peltate
shape: orbicular
leaflet_scales_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
leaflet_scales_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaflet_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaflet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 26.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: cm
nut_color color: brown
color: red-brown
color: tan
color: black
color: tan
nut_surface surface: smooth
surface: smooth
surface: verrucose
petiole_ray_count low: 1
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
stamen_count low: 3, high: 10, max: 15, per_part: flower
twig_color color: green
color: orange
color: red
color: brown
color: bronze
twig_count low: 1
twig_shape shape: terete
shape: slender
twig_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya aquatica Trees , to 46 m. Bark light gray or brownish, exfoliating, separating freely into long strips or broad plates, less commonly with small platelike scales. Twigs brown to reddish brown or black, slender, villous becoming glabrous. Terminal buds brown, reddish brown, or black, oblong, 8-10 mm, yellow-scaly, villous; bud scales valvate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 4-6 dm; petiole 3-8 cm, villous becoming glabrous. Leaflets (5-)9-11(-13), lateral petiolules 0-2 mm, terminal petiolules (2-)6-10(-14) mm; blades ovate-lanceolate, often falcate, 2-19 × 1-4 cm, margins finely or coarsely serrate to entire and wavy, without tufts of hairs, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially villous with unicellular and 2-8-rayed fasciculate hairs along midrib and secondary veins, densely scaly in spring with large peltate scales and small round, irregular, and 4-lobed peltate scales, adaxially villous along midrib near base, glabrous between veins. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 21 cm, stalks villous, bracts scaly; anthers without hairs. Fruits brown, bronze, or black, obovoid, compressed, 1.5-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm; husks rough, 1 mm thick, dehiscing to base or nearly so, sutures winged; nuts chocolate brown, broadly obovoid, compressed, 2-angled, verrucose; shells thin. Seeds bitter. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 46.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
color: red-brown
color: black
color: yellow
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
bud_shape shape: oblong
bud_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: villose
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
fruit_color color: brown
color: bronze
color: black
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_surface surface: villose
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 8
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: falcate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 9, high: 11, max: 13
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 2
nut_shape shape: obovoid
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: verrucose
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_min: 2.0, length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 14.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 21.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_surface_staminate surface: villose, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: red-brown
color: black
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis Trees , to 52 m. Bark gray or brownish, smooth or ridged or exfoliating with small platelike scales. Twigs tan, slender, glabrous except scaly near tip. Terminal buds sulfur yellow to tan, oblong, 10(-19) mm, densely scaly with yellow peltate scales, pilose near apex; bud scales valvate; axillary buds protected by pair of valvate bracteoles. Leaves 2-4 dm; petiole 3-7 cm, glabrous near base, hirsute near rachis. Leaflets (5-)7-9(-13), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 2-8 mm; blades ovate-lanceolate, rarely falcate, 3-19 × 1-7 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, without tufts of hairs, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially villous with unicellular and 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs along midrib and major veins, densely to sparsely pubescent throughout, and with abundant large peltate scales and small round and 2- or 4-lobed peltate scales in spring, still present near margins at base and apex in fall, adaxially villous along midrib near base, sparsely scaly in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 16 cm, stalks without hairs or hirsute, bracts scaly; anthers hirsute. Fruits brown, cylindric, obovoid, or nearly spheric, not compressed or only slightly compressed, 2-3 × 2-3.2 cm; husks rough, 2-3 mm thick, dehiscing to middle or slightly below, sutures winged; nuts light brown, ellipsoid to ovoid, not compressed or only slightly compressed, not angled, rugulose; shells thin. Seeds bitter. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_scales_surface surface: smooth
bark_size length_high: 52.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: valvate
bud_apex_surface surface: pilose
bud_color color: yellow, location: terminal
color: tan, location: terminal
bud_scales_color color: yellow
bud_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: valvate
bud_shape shape: oblong
bud_size length_low: 10.0, length_max: 19.0, length_units: mm
catkin_lobe_count low: 2, high: 4
fruit_color color: brown
fruit_shape shape: cylindric
shape: obovoid
shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_surface surface: villose
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9, max: 13
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_base_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: hirsute
stalk_hair_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: tan
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_tip_surface surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya floridana Trees , to 25 m; more often shrubs, 3-5 m. Bark gray, smooth or fissured. Twigs reddish brown, slender, glabrous to scaly. Terminal buds golden to rusty brown, ovoid, 3-9 mm, hirsute along margins and densely scaly; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 2-3 dm; petiole 4-7 cm, with coarse hairs and scales in spring. Leaflets 3-7, lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 0-5 mm; blades ovate to elliptic or obovate, not falcate, 4-10 × 2-4 cm, margins often coarsely serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with unicellular and 2-8-rayed fasciculate hairs restricted to axils of secondary veins, large peltate scales and small irregular and round peltate scales imparting rusty brown color, adaxially with peltate scales in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 6 cm, stalks with coarse hairs, rusty brown scales, bracts scaly, sparingly hirsute; anthers hirsute. Fruits bronze to dark brown, obovoid to oblong, not compressed to slightly compressed, not angled, 3-4 × 2-2.5 cm; husks rough, 2-3 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures slightly winged; nuts tan, ellipsoid, slightly compressed, not angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet. 2 n = 64.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_scales_color_staminate color: brown, sex: staminate
bract_shape shape: fused
bract_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate
bud_color color: golden, location: terminal
color: brown, location: terminal
bud_margin_surface surface: hirsute
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
fruit_color color: bronze
color: brown
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
shape: oblong
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface, subpart_as_loc: to axils
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: to axils
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 8, subpart_as_loc: to axils
leaf_scales_color color: brown
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: orbicular-peltate
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count low: 3, high: 7
nut_color color: tan
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: m
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya glabra Trees , to 30 m. Bark light gray, smooth or fissured or exfoliating with small platelike scales or narrow strips. Twigs reddish brown, slender, essentially glabrous or sparsely scaly. Terminal buds reddish brown to tan, ovoid, 5-15 mm; outer scales sparsely scaly, hirsute to glabrous, inner scales finely pubescent, sparsely scaly, bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 2-6 dm; petiole 3-14 cm, glabrous to moderately pubescent near rachis, moderately scaly, rachis glabrous or finely puberulent. Leaflets (3-)5-7(-9), lateral petiolules 0-2 mm, terminal petiolules 2-18 mm; blades ovate to elliptic or obovate, not falcate 4-21 × 2-10 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, apex acuminate to narrowly acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous to densely pubescent with unicellular and 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs, large peltate scales and small irregular, round, and 4-lobed peltate scales in spring, usually becoming glabrous in fall, adaxially scaly in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 13 cm, stalks glabrous or densely pubescent, bracts hirsute at tips; anthers hirsute. Fruits tan to reddish brown, obovoid, spheric or ellipsoid, not compressed to compressed, not angled, 2-4.5 × 2-3.5 cm; husks rough, 2-5 mm thick, partially dehiscent or dehiscing to base, sutures smooth or slightly winged; nuts tan, obovoid to ellipsoid, not compressed to compressed, not angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_scales_surface surface: smooth
bark_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bract_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate, subpart_as_loc: at tips
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
color: tan, location: terminal
bud_scales_surface surface: pubescent
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
dehiscent_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
dehiscent_surface surface: smooth
fruit_color color: tan
color: red-brown
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: falcate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 21.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7, max: 9
nut_color color: tan
nut_shape shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_surface_staminate surface: glabrous, sex: staminate
surface: pubescent, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya illinoinensis Trees , to 44 m. Bark light gray or brownish, ridged with appressed scales or exfoliating with small platelike scales. Twigs tan to reddish brown, slender, hirsute, conspicuously scaly, sometimes becoming glabrous. Terminal buds yellowish brown, oblong, 6-12 mm, hirsute, scaly; bud scales valvate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 4-7 dm; petiole 4-8 cm, glabrous to scurfy with short single hairs or scattered fascicles. Leaflets (7-)9-13(-17), lateral petiolules 0-7 mm, terminal petiolules 5-25 mm; blades ovate-lanceolate, often falcate, 2-16 × 1-7 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, without tufts of hairs, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute or with scattered unicellular and 2-rayed fasciculate hairs, scaly with large peltate scales and small round peltate scales, adaxially without hairs or rarely hirsute with unicellular hairs along midrib, and with scattered 2-6-rayed fasciculate hairs, moderately scaly in spring. Staminate catkins essentially sessile, to 18 cm, stalks with small capitate-glandular trichomes; anthers sparsely pilose. Fruits dark brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, not compressed, 2.5-6 × 1.5-3 cm; husks rough, 3-4 mm thick, dehiscing to base or nearly so, sutures winged; nuts tan to brown and mottled with black patches, ovoid-ellipsoid, not compressed, not angled, smooth; shells thin. Seeds sweet. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: pilose
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 44.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: yellow-brown, location: terminal
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
bud_shape shape: oblong
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: hirsute
catkin_ray_count low: 2, high: 6
fascicles_hair_count low: 1
fruit_color color: brown
fruit_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
surface: hirsute
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular-peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 7, low: 9, high: 13, max: 17
nut_color color: tan
color: brown
color: black
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: smooth
petiole_hair_surface surface: glabrous
surface: scurfy
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_trichome_shape_staminate shape: capitate, sex: staminate
stalk_trichome_surface_staminate surface: glandular, sex: staminate
twig_color color: tan
color: red-brown
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya laciniosa Trees , to 41 m. Bark light gray, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into large, thick, broad plates that persist. Twigs orange-tan, stout, hirsute, scaly. Terminal buds tan, broadly ovoid with apices of outer scales prolonged, 12-20 mm, tomentose; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 6-9 dm; petiole 6-13 cm, minutely hirsute, becoming glabrous at base. Leaflets (5-)7-9(-11), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 2-14 mm; blades ovate to obovate or elliptic, not falcate, 9-20 × 3-10 cm, margins coarsely serrate, apex narrowly acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular, 2-6-rayed fasciculate and occasionally multiradiate hairs, scaly with abundant large peltate scales and small round peltate scales, adaxially hirsute along midrib, puberulent throughout. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 20 cm, stalks and bracts minutely hirsute, capitate-glandular; anthers hirsute. Fruits tan to brown, spheric to ellipsoid, not compressed or slightly so, 4.5-6 × 4-5 cm; husks minutely hirsute, 7-13 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, ellipsoid, compressed, 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 41.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: tan, location: terminal
bud_scales_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: tomentose
catkin_ray_count low: 2, high: 6
fruit_color color: tan
color: brown
fruit_shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: hirsute
surface: smooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular-peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: falcate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
surface: hirsute
surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9, max: 11
nut_color color: tan
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 13.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_bract_shape_staminate shape: capitate, sex: staminate
stalk_bract_size_staminate length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_bract_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate
surface: glandular, sex: staminate
twig_color color: orange-tan
twig_surface surface: hirsute
Juglandaceae Carya myristiciformis Trees , to 35 m. Bark gray to brownish, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into long strips or broad plates. Twigs brown to bronze, slender, without hairs, densely scaly. Terminal buds bronze, ovoid, 4-6 mm, essentially without hairs, densely scaly; bud scales valvate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 3-6 dm; petiole 3-10 cm, densely scaly. Leaflets (5-)7-9, lateral petiolules 0-2 mm, terminal petiolules 2-3 mm; blades ovate or obovate to elliptic, not falcate, 3-17 × 1-8 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, without tufts of hairs, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with unicellular and 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs along midrib in spring, densely scaly with coating of large peltate scales and small irregular, round, and 4-lobed peltate scales, imparting bronze color, adaxially pubescent along midrib and major veins in spring, with scattered peltate scales. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 6 cm, stalks and bracts scaly; anthers hirsute. Fruits light tan to bronze, obovoid to ellipsoid, not compressed, 2-3 × 1.5-2 cm; husks rough, 2 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures winged; nuts reddish brown mottled with tan patches, ellipsoid, not compressed, not angled, smooth; shells thick. Seeds sweet. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: bronze, location: terminal
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
fruit_color color: tan
color: bronze
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_color color: bronze
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: peltate
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: falcate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9
nut_color color: red-brown-mottled
color: tan
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: smooth
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_bract_size_staminate length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
color: bronze
twig_shape shape: slender
Juglandaceae Carya ovata Trees , to 46 m. Bark light gray, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into long strips or broad plates that persist, ends often curling away from trunk. Twigs greenish, reddish, or orangish brown, retaining color or turning black on drying, stout or slender, hirsute or glabrous. Terminal buds tan to dark brown to black, ovoid, 6-18 mm, tomentose or nearly glabrous; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 3-6 dm; petiole 4-13 cm, petiole and rachis hirsute or mainly glabrous. Leaflets (3-)5(-7), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 3-17 mm; blades ovate, obovate, or elliptic, not falcate, 4-26 × 1-14 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, with tufts of hairs in axils of proximal veins of serrations, often weathering to only a few in fall, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular and 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs, occasionally restricted to midrib and major veins or essentially without hairs, with few to many large peltate scales and small round, irregular, and 4-lobed peltate scales. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 13 cm, stalks and bracts without hairs; anthers hirsute. Fruits brown to reddish brown, spheric to depressed-spheric, not compressed, 2.5-4 × 2.5-4 cm; husks rough, 4-15 mm thick, dehiscing to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, ovoid, obovoid, or ellipsoid, compressed, 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 46.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: tan, location: terminal
color: brown, location: terminal
color: black, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
fruit_color color: brown
color: red-brown
fruit_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular
shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: falcate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 26.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 3, low: 5, max: 7
nut_color color: tan
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 15.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_rachis_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_bract_ray_count low: 2, high: 4
stalk_bract_size_staminate length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
twig_color color: green
color: red
color: orange-brown
color: black
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya ovata var. australis Trees , to 39 m. Twigs reddish brown, often turning black by fall or upon drying, slender, glabrous. Terminal buds reddish brown to black, ovoid, 6-15 mm, mainly glabrous. Leaves 2-3 dm; petiole 4-12 cm, mainly glabrous. Leaflets 4-19 × 1-6.5 cm, terminal petiolules 3-12 mm; blades abaxially with a few hairs, and with small 2- and 4-lobed peltate scales. Staminate catkins to 6 cm. Fruits 2.5-3 × 2.5-3 cm; husks 5-8 mm thick.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
color: black, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: glabrous
catkin_lobe_count low: 2, high: 4
catkin_size_staminate length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: dm
leaflet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
twig_color color: red-brown
color: black
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_size length_high: 39.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: glabrous
Juglandaceae Carya ovata var. ovata Trees , to 46 m. Twigs greenish, reddish, or grayish brown, normally retaining color on drying, stout, hirsute. Terminal buds tan to dark brown, 9-18 mm, tomentose. Leaves 3-6 dm; petiole 5-13 cm, hirsute. Leaflets 6-26 × 3-14 cm, terminal petiolules 5-17 mm; blades abaxially hirsute, with small irregular, round, and 4-lobed peltate scales. Staminate catkins to 13 cm. Fruits 3.5-4 × 3.5-4 cm; husks 4-15 mm thick. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: tan, location: terminal
color: brown, location: terminal
bud_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: tomentose
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
catkin_size_staminate length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 15.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
leaf_surface surface: hirsute
leaflet_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 26.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 14.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hirsute
petiolule_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
twig_color color: green
color: red
color: gray-brown
twig_size length_high: 46.0, length_units: m
twig_surface surface: hirsute
Juglandaceae Carya pallida Trees , to 29 m. Bark dark gray, ridged, often deeply furrowed. Twigs reddish brown, slender, slightly scaly, sometimes pubescent. Terminal buds reddish brown, ovoid, 4-11 mm, sparsely to densely scaly; outer bud scales with coarse hairs on midribs, bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 3-6 dm; petiole 3-10 cm, rachis sparingly hirsute near base, densely hirsute and scaly distally. Leaflets (5-)7(-9), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 2-5 mm; blades ovate to obovate or elliptic, not falcate, 2-15 × 1-6 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute toward base of midrib, otherwise without hairs or rarely hirsute with unicellular and 2-8-rayed fasciculate hairs, abundant large peltate scales and small 4-lobed, irregular, and round peltate scales imparting silvery tan color, adaxially glabrous except for dense fasciculate hairs at base near leaf insertions, moderately to densely scaly in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 13 cm, stalks hirsute, scaly, bracts scaly, hirsute at apex; anthers hirsute. Fruits tan to reddish brown, obovoid to spheric or ellipsoid, slightly compressed, 3-4 × 2-3 cm; husks rough, 2-4 mm thick, dehiscing to middle or base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, obovoid to spheric or ellipsoid, slightly compressed, not angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 29.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bract_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bud_color color: red-brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
catkin_ray_count low: 2, high: 8
fruit_color color: tan
color: red-brown
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: hirsute
surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at base
leaf_lobe_count low: 4
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_scales_color color: silver-tan
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular-peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: falcate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, max: 9
nut_color color: tan
nut_shape shape: obovoid
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
rachis_base_surface surface: hirsute
rachis_surface surface: hirsute, location: distal
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Juglandaceae Carya texana Trees , to 41 m. Bark dark gray to black, ridged and deeply furrowed. Twigs rusty brown, slender, densely scaly, often pubescent. Terminal buds rusty brown, ovoid, 4-9 mm, densely scaly; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 2-5 dm; petiole 3-8 cm, glabrous or with scattered coarse hairs, or rarely pubescent, usually with dense coating of scales imparting rusty brown color. Leaflets (5-)7(-9), lateral petiolules 0-1 mm, terminal petiolules 2-10 mm; blades ovate to obovate, elliptic, or linear-elliptic, not falcate, 3-15 × 1-8 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute along base of midrib, otherwise without hairs or hirsute with unicellular and 2-8-rayed fasciculate hairs, densely covered in spring with a few silvery tan, large, peltate scales and many small, 4-lobed, irregular, and round peltate scales imparting rusty brown color, adaxially without hairs, moderately scaly, becoming glabrous. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 16 cm, stalks with dense coating of rusty brown scales, bracts scaly, with hairs at apex; anthers hirsute. Fruits bronze to reddish brown, obovoid to spheric, not compressed, 3-5 × 2.5-3.5 cm; husks 2-4 mm thick, dehiscing to base or nearly so, sutures narrowly winged; nuts tan, obovoid, slightly compressed, usually not angled, occasionally 2-4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet. 2 n = 64.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
color: black
bark_size length_high: 41.0, length_units: m
bract_scales_color_staminate color: brown, sex: staminate
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_color color: brown, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
catkin_lobe_count low: 4
fruit_color color: bronze
color: red-brown
fruit_shape shape: obovoid
shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: silver-tan
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: hirsute
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 8
leaf_scales_color color: brown
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
shape: orbicular-peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: linear-elliptic
shape: falcate
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, max: 9
nut_color color: tan
nut_count low: 2, high: 4
nut_shape shape: obovoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_hair_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_scales_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_size_staminate length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: brown
twig_shape shape: slender
twig_surface surface: pubescent
Juglandaceae Carya tomentosa Trees , to 36 m. Bark dark gray, fissured or ridged. Twigs reddish brown, stout, hirsute and scaly. Terminal buds tan (after early loss of outer scales), broadly ovoid, 8-20 mm, tomentose; bud scales imbricate; axillary buds protected by bracteoles fused into hood. Leaves 3-5 dm; petiole 3-12 cm, petiole and rachis hirsute, with conspicuous large and small round peltate scales. Leaflets (5-)7-9, lateral petiolules 0-2 mm, terminal petiolules 2-13 mm; blades ovate to elliptic or obovate, not falcate, 4-19 × 2-8 cm, margins finely to coarsely serrate, apex acute, rarely acuminate; surfaces abaxially hirsute with unicellular, 2-8-rayed fasciculate and multiradiate hairs, and with large and small round peltate scales abundant, adaxially hirsute along midrib and major veins, puberulent with fasciculate hairs and scales in spring. Staminate catkins pedunculate, to 14 cm, stalks and bracts hirsute, scaly, apex of each bract with coarse hairs; anthers hirsute. Fruits reddish brown, finely mottled, spheric to ellipsoid or obovoid, not compressed to compressed, 3-5 × 3-5 cm; husks rough, 4-10 mm thick, dehiscing to middle or nearly to base, sutures smooth; nuts tan, spheric to ellipsoid, compressed, prominently to faintly 4-angled, rugulose; shells thick. Seeds sweet. 2 n = 64.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: hirsute
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 36.0, length_units: m
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_scales_color color: tan, location: terminal
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm
bud_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_color color: red-brown
fruit_shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 8
leaf_scales_shape shape: orbicular-peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: falcate
shape: acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: dm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: hirsute
surface: hirsute
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9
nut_color color: tan
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_rachis_scales_shape shape: orbicular-peltate
petiole_rachis_surface surface: hirsute
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm, location: terminal
stalk_bract_size_staminate length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
stalk_bract_surface_staminate surface: hirsute, sex: staminate
twig_color color: red-brown
twig_surface surface: hirsute
Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Trees, rarely shrubs , deciduous, with gray or brownish bark. Terminal buds larger than lateral buds. Leaves alternate [or opposite], aromatic, usually odd-, rarely even-, pinnately compound; stipules absent; petiole present. Leaflets 3-23, margins serrate or entire. Inflorescences: staminate catkins solitary or fasciculate, pendulous, elongate, on reduced shoots arising on branches of previous year or at base of current year's growth; pistillate catkins solitary or few-flowered spikes [or many-flowered racemes]. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants; bract 1, bracteoles (0-)2. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed or absent; corolla absent; stamens 3-50; filaments very short or absent; anthers usually pubescent. Pistillate flowers: calyx 4-lobed or absent; corolla absent; ovary 1, inferior, usually 2-carpellate, 1-locular distally; ovule 1; stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose. Fruits large nuts [or samaras], nuts enclosed in dehiscent or indehiscent, fibrous-fleshy or hard involucres (husks), thus ± drupelike. Seeds 1; endosperm absent; cotyledons fleshy and oily, variously lobed.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: pubescent
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bract_count low: 1
min: 0, low: 2
calyx_lobe_count low: 2, high: 6
low: 4
carpellate_count low: 2
corolla_count low: 0
low: 0
cotyledon_endosperm_count low: 0
count_suffix count_suffix: flower
count_suffix: flower
filament_count low: 0
flower_count low: 0
low: 0
fruit_locular_count low: 1, location: distal
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaflet_count low: 3, high: 23
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
ovary_count low: 1
low: 1
seed_count low: 1
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_shape_staminate shape: fasciculate, sex: staminate
shape: pendulous, sex: staminate
shape: elongate, sex: staminate
stamen_count low: 3, high: 50
stigma_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
stipule_count low: 0
Juglandaceae Juglans Shrubs or trees , 3-50 m. Bark light to dark gray or gray-brown, smooth or split into ridges or plates. Twigs purplish brown, terete, stout, sparsely to densely covered with glands and capitate-glandular hairs, sometimes also with scales or fasciculate hairs, early in season with multiradiate hairs; leaf scars triangular or 3-lobed, large; pith chambered. Bud scales valvate, densely hirsute. Leaves usually odd-, sometimes even-pinnate; petiole and rachis with indument as twigs. Leaflets 5-25, sessile or subsessile, often aromatic, uniform in size or median leaflets largest, (2.5-)4.3-15(-17.5) × 0.8-6.5 cm; surfaces usually with nonglandular hairs (simple and/or fasciculate), glandular hairs, sessile glands, and/or scales, sometimes glabrous. Staminate catkins solitary from 2d-year twigs, sessile; stamens 7-50 per flower, glabrous or pilose. Pistillate flowers solitary or in terminal racemes. Fruits nuts enclosed in husks, not compressed; husks thick, indehiscent; nuts tan, neither compressed nor angled, grooved, ridged, rugulose, or smooth; shells thick. Seeds sweet. x = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
bark_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_scales_shape shape: valvate
bud_surface surface: hirsute
leaf_lobe_count low: 3
leaf_shape shape: triangular
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 25
leaflet_hair_count low: 1
leaflet_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
leaflet_size length_min: 2.5, length_low: 4.3, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 17.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaflet_surface surface: glabrous
nut_color color: tan
nut_shape shape: grooved
nut_surface surface: smooth
stamen_count low: 7, high: 50, per_part: flower
stamen_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
twig_color color: purple-brown
twig_gland_shape shape: capitate
twig_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
twig_hair_surface surface: glandular
twig_shape shape: terete
Juglandaceae Juglans californica Shrubs or small trees , to 6-9 m. Bark light or medium gray, divided into rough plates. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar notched, often shallowly so, glabrescent or bordered by poorly defined velvety patch; pith brown. Terminal buds ovoid to ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, 5-6 mm. Leaves 15-24 cm; petiole 2-5 cm. Leaflets (9-)11-15(-17), usually narrowly oblong-elliptic to lance-elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, symmetric or weakly falcate, 4.3-9.5 × 1.6-2.6 cm, margins finely serrate, apex rounded to acute; surfaces abaxially without tufts of hair in vein axils, abaxially and adaxially glabrous with scales but no hairs, main veins glandular, often sparsely so, leaflets without nonglandular hairs (except for multiradiate hairs early in season); terminal leaflet well developed. Staminate catkins 5-14 cm; stamens 15-35 per flower; pollen sacs 0.6-1 mm. Fruits 1-3, globose, 2.1-3.5 cm, smooth, at first glandular, with scattered scales, soon glabrescent; nuts depressed-globose, 1.8-2.2(-2.5) cm, shallowly grooved, surface between grooves smooth.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: m
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
bud_size length_low: 4.3, length_high: 9.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_shape shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 2.1, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
surface: glandular
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaflet_axil_venation venation: vein
leaflet_count min: 9, low: 11, high: 15, max: 17
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
leaflet_scales_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lance-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: symmetric
shape: falcate
leaflet_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: cm
leaflet_surface surface: glandular
leaflet_venation venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: grooved
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.2, length_max: 2.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: smooth
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 15, high: 35, per_part: flower
Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea Trees , to 20(-30) m. Bark light gray or gray-brown, shallowly divided into smooth or scaly plates. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar straight or nearly so, bordered by well-defined, tan-gray, velvety ridge; pith dark brown. Terminal buds conic, flattened, 12-18 mm. Leaves 30-60 cm; petiole 3.5-12 cm. Leaflets (7-)11-17, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ± symmetric, (2.5-)5-11(-17.5) × 1.5-6.5 cm, margins serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with abundant 4-8-rayed fasciculate hairs, scales, and sometimes capitate-glandular hairs, axils of proximal veins with prominent tufts of fasciculate hairs, adaxially with scattered fasciculate hairs or becoming glabrescent; terminal leaflet present, usually large. Staminate catkins 6-14 cm; stamens 7-15 per flower; pollen sacs 0.8-1.2 mm. Fruits 3-5, ellipsoid to ovoid or cylindric, 4-8 cm, smooth, with dense capitate-glandular hairs; nuts ellipsoid to subcylindric or ovoid, 3-6 cm, surface with ca. 8 high, narrow, longitudinal main ridges, with narrow, interrupted, longitudinal ridges or lamellae between main ridges.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
bark_size length_low: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_size length_min: 2.5, length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.0, length_max: 17.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 6.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 3, high: 5
fruit_hair_shape shape: capitate
fruit_hair_surface surface: glandular
fruit_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_color color: tan-gray
leaf_shape shape: straight
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: mm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaflet_count min: 7, low: 11, high: 17
leaflet_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
leaflet_shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: symmetric
leaflet_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: cm
nut_count low: 8
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindrical
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: surface
petiole_ray_count low: 4, high: 8
petiole_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 7, high: 15, per_part: flower
Juglandaceae Juglans hindsii Trees , 6-23 m. Bark light or medium gray, split into smooth or ± scaly plates. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar shallowly to deeply notched, not bordered by well-defined band of pubescence; pith light brown. Terminal buds ellipsoid to oblong, flattened, 6-8 mm. Leaves 22-45 cm; petiole 3-8 cm. Leaflets 13-21, narrowly triangular to lanceolate, symmetric or weakly falcate, (5.6-)7.3-13 × (1-)1.9-2.8 cm, margins serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with sparse glands, sparse glands and few capitate-glandular hairs scattered along major veins, fasciculate hairs conspicuously tufted in axils of proximal veins, sometimes also on adjacent blade and edges of midrib, adaxially glabrous or with scattered scales, major veins glabrous or with sparse scattering of glands and few capitate-glandular hairs, without nonglandular hairs; terminal leaflet well developed. Staminate catkins 6-15 cm; stamens 20-40 per flower; pollen sacs 1-1.4 mm. Fruits 1-2, globose, 3.5-5 cm; nuts ovoid to ovoid-globose, 2.4-3.2 cm, smooth or nearly so or shallowly and indistinctly ridged or grooved.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: m
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
bud_size length_min: 5.6, length_low: 7.3, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.0, width_low: 1.9, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_shape shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaf_gland_shape shape: capitate
shape: capitate
leaf_gland_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_gland_venation venation: vein
leaf_hair_shape shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_scales_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_count low: 13, high: 21
leaflet_gland_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
leaflet_shape shape: triangular
shape: lanceolate
shape: symmetric
shape: falcate
leaflet_size length_low: 22.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: grooved
nut_size length_low: 2.4, length_high: 3.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: smooth
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 20, high: 40, per_part: flower
Juglandaceae Juglans major
Trait Label Trait Data
Juglandaceae Juglans major var. major Trees , 5-18 m. Bark light to medium gray or brownish, divided into narrow checkered plates. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar notched, glabrous or bordered by poorly defined velvety zone; pith brown. Terminal buds narrowly ovoid or conic, flattened, 4-7 mm. Leaves 18-38 cm; petiole 3-6 cm. Leaflets 9-15, lanceolate to lance-ovate, symmetric or falcate, 6.5-10.5 × 1.5-3.4 cm, margins serrate, apex narrowly acuminate; surfaces abaxially with capitate-glandular hairs, simple or 2-4-rayed fasciculate hairs, and often scales scattered over veins and blade, axils of proximal veins with prominent tufts of fasciculate hairs, adaxially with capitate-glandular hairs, sometimes also scattered fasciculate hairs, becoming glabrate except along major veins; terminal leaflet usually small or none. Staminate catkins 5-8 cm; stamens 20-40 per flower; pollen sacs 1.2-1.4 mm. Fruits 1-3, subglobose or short-ovoid, 2-3.5 cm, smooth, densely covered with capitate-glandular hairs and peltate scales, when very immature also fasciculate hairs; nuts globose to ovoid, 1.8-2.7 cm, deeply longitudinally grooved, surfaces between grooves smooth.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: m
bud_shape shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 6.5, length_high: 10.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.4, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_hair_shape shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
fruit_hair_surface surface: glandular
fruit_scales_shape shape: peltate
fruit_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaf_hair_shape shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
leaf_ray_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_scales_venation venation: vein
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: vein
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_count low: 9, high: 15
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
leaflet_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: symmetric
shape: falcate
leaflet_size length_low: 18.0, length_high: 38.0, length_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: grooved
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: smooth
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 20, high: 40, per_part: flower
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Juglandaceae Juglans microcarpa Shrubs or small trees , to 10 m. Bark medium gray, split into ± rough ridges. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar notched, glabrous or bordered by poorly defined velvety zone; pith light to dark brown. Terminal buds globose to short-ovoid, not flattened, 3-5 mm. Leaves 12-29 cm; petiole 1-3(-4) cm. Leaflets 17-25, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, weakly to strongly falcate, 5.2-6.3(-9.6) × 0.8-1.1(-2.2) cm, margins entire or toothed, apex long-acuminate; surfaces abaxially with capitate-glandular hairs (sometimes becoming sparse late in season except along veins), often scattered scales, axils of proximal veins usually, not always, with prominent tufts of fasciculate hairs, adaxially with capitate-glandular hairs (late in season hairs sometimes becoming sparse except along veins); terminal leaflet usually small. Staminate catkins 3-7 cm; stamens 20-25(-35) per flower; pollen sacs 0.8-1 mm. Fruits 1-3, globose, 1.4-2.3 cm, smooth, with capitate-glandular hairs; nuts globose to depressed-globose, 1.1-1.7 cm, grooved, surface between grooves smooth.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_size length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
bud_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud_size length_low: 5.2, length_high: 6.3, length_max: 9.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.1, width_max: 2.2, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_hair_shape shape: capitate
fruit_hair_surface surface: glandular
fruit_shape shape: spheric
fruit_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.3, length_units: cm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaflet_count low: 17, high: 25
leaflet_hair_shape shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
shape: capitate
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: glandular
leaflet_hair_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaflet_margin margin: entire
margin: toothed
leaflet_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
shape: falcate
leaflet_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 29.0, length_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: grooved
nut_size length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: surface
surface: smooth
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 20, high: 25, max: 35, per_part: flower
Juglandaceae Juglans nigra Trees , to 40(-50) m. Bark medium to dark gray or brownish, deeply split into narrow rough ridges. Twigs with distal edge of leaf scar notched, usually deeply, not bordered by well-defined band of pubescence; pith light brown. Terminal buds ovoid or subglobose, weakly flattened, 8-10 mm. Leaves 20-60 cm; petiole 6.5-14 cm. Leaflets (9-)15-19(-23), lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, symmetric or weakly falcate, (3-)6-15 × 1.5-5.5 cm, margins serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with capitate-glandular hairs, simple or 2-rayed fasciculate hairs, and scales scattered over veins and blade, axils of proximal veins with prominent tufts of fasciculate hairs, adaxially glabrous except for scattered capitate-glandular and fasciculate hairs on midrib; terminal leaflet small or often absent. Staminate catkins 5-10 cm; stamens 17-50 per flower; pollen sacs 0.8-0.9 mm. Fruits 1-2, subglobose to globose, rarely ellipsoid, 3.5-8 cm, warty, with scales and capitate-glandular hairs; nuts subglobose to globose, rarely ellipsoid, 3-4 cm, very deeply longitudinally grooved, surface between grooves coarsely warty. 2 n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: brown
bark_size length_low: 40.0, length_max: 50.0, length_units: m
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
bud_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
catkin_size_staminate length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_hair_surface surface: glandular
fruit_scales_shape shape: capitate
fruit_shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: proximal
leaf_hair_shape shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
shape: fasciculate
shape: capitate
shape: fasciculate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_ray_count low: 2
leaf_scales_venation venation: vein
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_count min: 9, low: 15, high: 19, max: 23
low: 0, location: terminal
leaflet_hair_surface surface: surface
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
leaflet_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: symmetric
shape: falcate
leaflet_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: cm
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: grooved
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: surface
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 6.5, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
pith_color color: brown
pollen_sac_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 0.9, length_units: mm
stamen_count low: 17, high: 50, per_part: flower
Myricaceae Comptonia Shrubs , fragrant. Branches spreading-ascending, terete, pubescent to glabate, glandular when young. Leaves mostly deciduous, occasionally persistent, ± deeply pinnatifid; stipules present, deciduous or ± persistent. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, with 2-10 rounded to pointed lobes, membranous, glabrous or densely pubescent and glandular. Inflorescences cylindric; staminate eventually flexuous, pistillate globose-ovoid at maturity, appearing before leaves; bracts ovate or cordate, glabrous or variously pubescent. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate usually on different plants, occasionally on same plants. Staminate flowers: stamens 3-8, shorter than subtending bract, filaments free or slightly fused. Pistillate flowers: ovary subtended by persistent bract and 2 linear-subulate bracteoles at anthesis, bracteoles accrescent and developing 4-8 tertiary bracteoles (= scales of other authors), these longer than and concealing fruit; styles 2, elongate. Fruits oblong-ovoid, smooth (without protuberances), waxless. x = 8.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2, location: subtended
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_flower_morphology flower_morphology: anthesis, location: subtended
bract_scales_count low: 4, high: 8
bract_scales_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: cordate
shape: linear-subulate
bract_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
branch_shape shape: terete
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
filament_shape shape: fused
fruit_count low: 2
fruit_shape shape: elongate
shape: oblong-ovoid
fruit_surface surface: smooth
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_shape shape: cylindric
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
duration: persistent
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 2, high: 10
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_shape shape: pinnatifid
shape: linear-lanceolate
leaf_shape_pistillate shape: spheric-ovoid, sex: pistillate
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
odor odor: fragrant
stamen_count low: 3, high: 8
stipule_duration duration: persistent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Comptonia peregrina Shrubs , to 1.5 m, forming rhizomatous colonies. Branchlets red-brown to gray, pilose to villose, sometimes puberulent. Leaves: stipules nearly cordate, long-acuminate. Leaf blade very aromatic when crushed, 3-15.5 × 0.3-2.9 cm, lobes alternate to nearly opposite, base truncate, cuneate to attenuate, or oblique, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale gray-green, densely pilose to puberulent, adaxially dark green, densely pilose to glabrate, gland-dotted, especially adaxially. Inflorescences: staminate in clusters at ends of branches, elongating to 5 cm, bracts broadly ovate to trullate, margins ciliate, apex acute to long-acuminate, abaxially gland-dotted; pistillate to 5 mm at anthesis, elongating in fruit to 2 cm, bracteoles to 1.3 cm, pilose, gland-dotted. Fruits 2.5-5.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape_staminate shape: acute, sex: staminate
shape: acuminate, sex: staminate
bract_margin_staminate margin: ciliate, sex: staminate
bract_shape_staminate shape: ovate, sex: staminate
shape: trullate, sex: staminate
bract_size_pistillate length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
bract_size_staminate length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
bract_surface surface: pilose
branch_color color: red-brown
color: gray
branch_size_pistillate length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, sex: pistillate
branch_surface surface: pilose
surface: villose
surface: puberulent
fruit_flower_morphology_pistillate flower_morphology: anthesis, sex: pistillate
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
fruit_size_pistillate length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
shape: oblique
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 15.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.3, width_high: 2.9, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pilose
surface: puberulent
surface: pilose
surface: glabrate
shrub_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: m
stipule_shape shape: cordate
shape: acuminate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica Shrubs or small trees , often aromatic and resinous. Branches spreading, terete, glabrous or pubescent, often gland-dotted. Leaves persistent or deciduous; stipules absent. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed (except M . inodora ), oblanceolate, elliptic, obovate, or oblong-ovate, membranous or leathery, margins entire or serrate-denticulate, especially in distal 1/2, pubescent or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. Inflorescences ± erect, ellipsoid to short-cylindric or ovoid, appearing before or with leaves; bracts ovate, glabrous or variously pubescent. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers usually on different plants, infrequently on same plants. Staminate flowers: stamens (2-)3-12(-22), shorter or longer than subtending bract; filaments mostly distinct, often connate into branching staminal column, each branch terminated by anther; rudimentary ovary occasionally present. Pistillate flowers: ovary subtended by 2-6 broadly ovate bracteoles, these sometimes persistent and accrescent, always shorter than fruit, sometimes completely absent; styles short. Fruits globose or ovoid to lenticular, smooth or more commonly with warty protuberances, usually covered with waxy coating that dries white. x = 8.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2, high: 6, location: subtended
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
bract_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
branch_shape shape: terete
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
fruit_color color: white
fruit_count low: 0
fruit_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
fruit_surface surface: smooth
habit habit: branching
inflorescence_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric
shape: ovoid
leaf_duration duration: persistent
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate-denticulate
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblong-ovate
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
stamen_count min: 2, low: 3, high: 12, max: 22
stipule_count low: 0
Myricaceae Myrica californica Shrubs or small trees , evergreen, 2-10 m. Branchlets green when young, becoming red-brown, eventually black to gray with age, densely gland-dotted, glands colorless to black, pilose to villous, ultimately glabrous. Leaf blade fragrant when crushed, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 4-13 × 0.7-3.1 cm, sometimes membranous, more commonly leathery, base cuneate-attenuate, margins variable, from nearly entire (less common) to remotely and coarsely serrate entire length of blade, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, shiny, both surfaces gland-dotted; glands colorless to black, considerably more dense abaxially, midrib pilose to glabrate adaxially. Inflorescences: staminate 0.6-1.7(-2.5) cm; bisexual 0.6-1.9(-3) cm; flowers bisexual, staminate, or pistillate within any 1 spike. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque and densely ciliate; stamens (2-)6-12(-22). Pistillate and bisexual flowers: bracteoles usually persistent in fruit, 4-6, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins ciliate; stamens 1-5, in bisexual flowers hypogynous, free or often adnate to ovary, especially near styles; ovary ± villous, especially at apex. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 4-6.5 mm; fruit wall glabrate to sparsely villous, obscured by enlarged, glabrous protuberances, with or without light to very heavy coat of white wax.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_color color: green
color: red-brown
color: black
color: gray
branch_gland_color color: black
branch_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: m
branch_surface surface: pilose
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
column_margin margin: ciliate
flower_size_bisexual length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.9, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: bisexual
fruit_color color: white
fruit_count low: 4, high: 6
fruit_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, part_as_loc: adnate to fruit
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_shape shape: spheric-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: glabrate
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.7, length_max: 2.5, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate-attenuate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_gland_color color: black
leaf_gland_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate-entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 3.1, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: surface
surface: pilose
surface: glabrate
leaf_venation venation: midrib
odor odor: fragrant
ovary_surface surface: villose
spike_count_pistillate low: 1, sex: pistillate
stamen_count min: 2, low: 6, high: 12, max: 22
stamen_count_bisexual low: 1, high: 5, sex: bisexual
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica cerifera Shrubs or small trees , evergreen, often forming large, rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 14 m. Branchlets reddish brown, densely gland-dotted when young, otherwise glabrous to densely pilose, eventually glabrate; glands yellow. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, linear-oblanceolate to obovate, (1.1-)2-10.5(-13.3) × 0.4-3.3 cm, leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or coarsely serrate beyond middle, apex acute to slightly rounded; surfaces abaxially pale yellow-green, glabrous except for pilose midrib, adaxially dark green, glabrous to pilose, both surfaces densely glandular; glands yellow to orange. Inflorescences: staminate 0.4-1.9 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.5 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, densely ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; stamens mostly 3-4. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; ovary glandular, especially at apex near style base. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 2-3.5(-4) mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular when young, obscured by enlarged protuberances and thick coat of blue-white wax.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_gland_color color: yellow
branch_shape shape: branched
branch_size length_high: 14.0, length_units: m
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
surface: glabrate
column_margin margin: ciliate
flower_size_pistillate length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_color color: blue-white
fruit_count low: 4
fruit_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, part_as_loc: adnate to fruit
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_shape shape: spheric-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_max: 4.0, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.4, length_high: 1.9, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf_color color: yellow-green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_gland_color color: yellow
color: orange
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: linear-oblanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_min: 1.1, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.5, length_max: 13.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.4, width_high: 3.3, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
surface: surface
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: midrib
ovary_surface surface: glandular
stamen_count low: 3, high: 4
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica gale Shrubs , deciduous, much branched, to 1.5(-2) m. Branchlets purple-black, gland-dotted, glands brownish yellow. Leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate, 1.5-6.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, ± leathery, base cuneate, margins usually minutely serrate, with 1-4 pairs of teeth usually restricted to distal 1/3 of blade, occasionally entire throughout, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous to densely pilose, adaxially dark green, glabrous to pilose, both surfaces variously gland-dotted; glands bright yellow to orange. Inflorescences: staminate ca. 1-1.5 cm; pistillate to 1.5 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate mostly on different plants, occasionally on same plants. Staminate flowers: bract of each flower longer than stamens, stamens mostly 3-5. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles 2, accrescent and adnate to base of fruit wall, laterally compressed, glabrous but gland-dotted; ovary glabrous. Fruits ovoid, flattened, 2.5-3 mm; fruit wall smooth (no protuberances), without waxy deposit, with glandular deposit, enclosed by spongy bracteoles. 2 n = ca. 96.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2
low: 96
bract_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, subpart_as_loc: adnate to base
bract_surface surface: glandular
branch_color color: purple-black
branch_gland_color color: brown-yellow
branch_size length_low: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, length_units: m
flower_size_pistillate length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_gland_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: ovoid
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: smooth
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_gland_color color: yellow
color: orange
leaf_gland_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
leaf_tooth_count low: 1, high: 4, count_group: pairs, location: distal
ovary_surface surface: glabrous
shrub_shape shape: branched
stamen_count low: 3, high: 5
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica hartwegii Shrubs, deciduous, to 1.8 m. Branchlets purple-black, gland-dotted, glands yellow. Leaf blade oblanceolate to elliptic, 3.2-10.4 × 1-3.4 cm, membranous, base attenuate to cuneate, margins serrate, often coarsely so, with 4-12 pairs of teeth in ± distal 1/2 of blade, rarely entire, apex acute to occasionally obtuse; surfaces abaxially pale green, pilose, adaxially dark green, pilose, often glabrate, both surfaces gland-dotted, density quite variable; glands yellow to orange. Inflorescences: staminate 0.8-2.6 cm; pistillate 3-6 mm at anthesis, enlarging to 2 cm in fruit. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower longer than stamens, gland-dotted at base, distal margins transparent, occasionally ciliate; stamens 3-5. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles 2, accrescent and adnate to base of fruit wall, laterally compressed, densely pilose with some hairs persistent, especially toward apex, glandular; ovary glabrous. Fruits ovoid, flattened, 1.5-2.5 mm; fruit wall smooth, without waxy deposits, enclosed by spongy bracteoles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2
bract_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, subpart_as_loc: adnate to base
branch_color color: purple-black
branch_gland_color color: yellow
branch_size length_high: 1.8, length_units: m
flower_size_pistillate length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, sex: pistillate
fruit_flower_morphology_pistillate flower_morphology: anthesis, sex: pistillate
fruit_hair_duration duration: persistent
fruit_hair_surface surface: pilose
fruit_shape shape: ovoid
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
fruit_size_pistillate length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_surface surface: glandular
surface: smooth
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_gland_color color: yellow
color: orange
leaf_gland_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.2, length_high: 10.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.4, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: surface
surface: pilose
surface: pilose
surface: glabrate
leaf_tooth_count low: 4, high: 12, count_group: pairs, location: distal
ovary_surface surface: glabrous
stamen_count low: 3, high: 5
stamen_margin margin: ciliate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica heterophylla Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or tardily deciduous, often forming rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 3 m. Branchlets appearing black, glabrous to densely pilose; glands sparse or dense, yellow-orange. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 3-12.4(-14.2) × 1-5.2 cm, sometimes membranous, more often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or serrate distal to middle, apex rounded to acute, apiculate; surfaces abaxially pilose (especially on major veins) or glabrate, densely glandular, adaxially pilose or glabrous, lacking glands or very sparsely glandular; glands yellow. Inflorescences: staminate 0.5-1.8 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.1 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, ciliate, especially at apex and laterally, abaxially glabrous or with few glands; stamens 3-5(-7). Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, abaxially pilose, usually along midrib, lacking glands; ovary glabrous or sparsely glandular, not pubescent. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular, obscured by enlarged protuberances (± glandular) and thin to thick coat of gray to white wax.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_color color: black
color: yellow-orange
branch_shape shape: branched
branch_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
column_gland_surface surface: glabrous
column_margin margin: ciliate
flower_size_pistillate length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.1, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_color color: gray
color: white
fruit_count low: 4
fruit_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, part_as_loc: adnate to fruit
fruit_shape shape: spheric-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: glandular
fruit_venation venation: midrib
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_gland_color color: yellow
leaf_gland_surface surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: distal
margin: serrate, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: apiculate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.4, length_max: 14.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 5.2, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: surface
surface: pilose
surface: glabrate
surface: glandular
surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
ovary_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
stamen_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica inodora Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 7 m. Branchlets reddish brown and gland-dotted when young, glands colorless to white. Leaf blade lacking odor when crushed, oblong-obovate to elliptic, 3.5-10.5(-11.8) × 1.4-3.7(-4.4) cm, leathery, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire, rarely serrate distally, slightly revolute, apex acute to rounded; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, sometimes with a few scattered hairs, adaxially dark green, shiny, glabrous, both surfaces gland-dotted, pitted; glands minute, colorless or white. Inflorescences: staminate 0.7-2.2 cm; pistillate 0.4-4(-5) cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, densely ciliate; stamens mostly 6-10, as few as 3 in more distal flowers. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent, 4, obscure in fruit, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, glabrous except for ciliate margins; ovary densely villous. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 4-8 mm; fruit wall densely pubescent, obscured by enlarged, glandular protuberances and thin (usually) coat of white-gray wax.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_gland_color color: red-brown
color: white
branch_gland_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: m
column_margin margin: ciliate
flower_count low: 3, location: distal
flower_size_pistillate length_low: 0.4, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_color color: white-gray
fruit_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, part_as_loc: adnate to fruit
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_margin_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: spheric-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.7, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
color: white
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_gland_surface surface: surface
leaf_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: oblong-obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 10.5, length_max: 11.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 3.7, width_max: 4.4, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
ovary_surface surface: villose
stamen_count low: 6, high: 10
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myrica pensylvanica Shrubs or rarely small trees, deciduous, rhizomatous, colonial, to 2(-4.5) m. Branchlets reddish brown and gland-dotted when young, becoming whitish gray in age, otherwise densely pilose; glands yellow. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 2.5-6.5(-7.8) × 1.5-2.7 cm, usually membranous, less often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins sometimes entire, usually serrate distal to middle, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute, short-apiculate; surfaces abaxially pale green, pilose on veins, moderately to densely glandular, adaxially dark green, pilose (especially along midrib), glandless or sparsely glandular; glands yellow-brown. Inflorescences: staminate 0.4-1.8 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.4 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, apically ciliate or completely glabrous, usually abaxially glabrous, occasionally densely pilose; stamens mostly 3-4. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins slightly ciliate or glabrous, abaxially usually densely gland-dotted; ovary wall densely hirsute near apex, otherwise glabrous. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 3.5-5.5 mm; fruit wall and warty protuberances hirsute, at least when young, hairs usually obscured by thick coat of white wax.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_duration duration: persistent
branch_color color: white-gray
branch_gland_color color: red-brown
color: yellow
branch_gland_size length_low: 2.0, length_max: 4.5, length_units: m
branch_surface surface: pilose
column_margin margin: ciliate
column_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
flower_size_pistillate length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, sex: pistillate
fruit_count low: 4
fruit_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent, part_as_loc: adnate to fruit
fruit_hair_color color: white
fruit_margin margin: ciliate
fruit_margin_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: spheric-ellipsoid
fruit_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
fruit_surface surface: hirsute
inflorescence_size_staminate length_low: 0.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, sex: staminate
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_gland_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: acute
shape: apiculate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.5, length_max: 7.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.7, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
surface: surface
surface: pilose
surface: glandular
surface: pilose
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
ovary_apex_surface surface: hirsute
ovary_surface surface: glabrous
stamen_count low: 3, high: 4
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Myricaceae Myricaceae Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or deciduous, usually aromatic and resinous. Roots commonly with nitrogen-fixing nodules. Leaves alternate, simple or pinnatifid; stipules absent or present; petiole present. Leaf blade commonly with peltate, multicellular, glandular trichomes. Inflorescences axillary catkins; bracts present. Flowers usually unisexual, occasionally bisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers usually on different plants, occasionally on same plants; perianth absent. Staminate flowers subtended by solitary bract; stamens 2-14(-22), hypogynous or ± epigynous; filaments filiform, distinct or basally connate; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, extrorsely dehiscent by longitudinal slits. Pistillate flowers subtended by solitary bract, bracteoles present or absent, usually 2-4(-8); pistils 1, 2-carpellate, 1-locular; ovules 1, basal, erect; styles, if present, short; stigmas 2. Fruits drupaceous or nutlike, smooth or often covered with warty protuberances, these commonly with waxy coating; fruits sometimes enclosed by persistent, accrescent bracts and bracteoles. Seeds with little or no endosperm; embryo straight, with 2 plano-convex cotyledons.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_locular_count low: 2
bract_bract_flower_morphology flower_morphology: accrescent
bract_count_pistillate low: 0, sex: pistillate
low: 2, high: 4, max: 8, sex: pistillate
carpel_count low: 1
carpellate_count low: 2
cotyledon_count low: 2
cotyledon_shape shape: convex
filament_shape shape: filiform
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_surface surface: smooth
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: pinnatifid
shape: peltate
leaf_trichome_surface surface: glandular
ovary_count low: 1
perianth_count low: 0
seed_shape shape: straight
solitary_locular_count low: 1
stamen_count low: 2, high: 14, max: 22
stigma_count low: 2
stipule_count low: 0
Betulaceae Alnus Trees or shrubs deciduous. Buds stalked with 2(or 3) scales or sessile with several overlapping scales. Leaves usually serrate or dentate, rarely incised or entire. Male inflorescence elongate, pendulous, cylindric, with numerous overlapping bracts, each bract subtending (3 or)4(or 5) bracteoles and 3 flowers; calyx 4-lobed; stamens (1-)4; anthers 2-loculed, thecae connate, apex glabrous. Female inflorescence 1, or 2-numerous in a raceme or panicle, ovoid or ellipsoid, conelike; bracts numerous, overlapping, woody, persistent, apex 5-lobulate, each bract subtending 2 flowers. Nutlets 2 in each bract axil, compressed, with membranous or papery wings. Fl. mainly spring, Alnus formosana and A. nepalensis autumn.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_apex_surface surface: glabrous
anther_count low: 2
bract_apex_count low: 5
bract_apex_margin margin: lobulate
bract_count_male min: 3, low: 4, sex: male, location: subtending
low: 5, sex: male, location: subtending
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_wing_surface surface: membranous
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
bud_scales_count low: 2, max: 3
bud_scales_shape shape: stalked
calyx_lobe_count low: 4
flower_count low: 2, location: subtending
flower_count_male low: 3, sex: male, location: subtending
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape_male shape: elongate, sex: male
shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: cylindric, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: dentate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: incised
multi_taxon level: species, taxon: ['Alnus formosana', 'A. nepalensis']
nutlet_axil_count low: 2
panicle_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: conelike
raceme_count low: 2
stamen_count min: 1, low: 4
Betulaceae Alnus cremastogyne Trees to 40 m tall; bark gray, smooth. Branchlets gray or gray-brown, glabrous. Buds stipitate, with 2 scales, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous, sometimes light yellow pubescent when young; leaf blade obovate, obovate-oblong, oblong, or oblanceolate, 4-14 × 3.5-8 cm, abaxially densely glandular, subglabrous, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely glandular, villous when young, glabrescent, base cuneate or subrounded, margin obscurely and remotely obtusely serrate, apex abruptly acute; lateral veins 8-10 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, axillary, oblong, 1-3.5 × 0.5-2 cm; peduncle pendulous, slender, 4-8 cm, glabrous, sometimes pubescent when young. Nutlet ovate, ca. 3 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
branch_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
bud_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 8, high: 10, location: lateral
peduncle_shape shape: pendulous
shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_scales_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 40.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii Trees to 20 m tall; bark dark gray, smooth. Branches dark gray or gray-brown; branchlets red-brown, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 glabrous scales. Petiole 1-2 cm, densely yellow pubescent; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, rarely lanceolate, 5-16 × 3-7 cm, both surfaces yellow pubescent along veins, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, base subrounded or cuneate, margin obscurely and remotely minutely serrate or subentire, apex abruptly acute; lateral veins 12-17 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, globose or oblong, 1.5-3 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle erect, robust, 1.5-3 cm; bracts woody, 3-4 mm, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet narrowly elliptic, ca. 3 mm, with papery wings ca. 1/3 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: spheric
shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_count low: 12, high: 17, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_scales_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus formosana Trees to 20 m tall; bark dark gray-brown. Branches purplish brown, glabrous, striate; branchlets sparsely pubescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 glabrous, ribbed scales. Petiole 1.2-2.2 cm, slender, densely pubescent in furrow; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, rarely ovate-oblong, 6-12 × 2-5 cm, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially subglabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, or 2-4 in a raceme, ellipsoid, 1-2.5 cm; peduncle 3-5 mm, robust; bracts 3-4 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet obovate, 2-3 mm, with papery wings 1/4-1/3 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
branch_venation venation: striate
bud_scales_venation venation: rib
bud_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 1
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: ovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_count low: 6, high: 7, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
raceme_count low: 2, high: 4
raceme_shape shape: ellipsoid
raceme_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus henryi Trees. Branchlets yellow-green, sparsely pubescent when young. Petiole slender, 1-1.6 cm, pubescent in furrow; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate, or elliptic, 4-8 × 2.5-5 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, base rounded, rarely rounded-cuneate, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex obtuse or acute; lateral veins 7-9 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 5-13 in a panicle, ellipsoid, 1.3-1.5 cm, subsessile; bracts persistent, ca. 4 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet elliptic, with papery wings ca. 1/3 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: yellow-green
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 5, high: 13
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular-cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
panicle_count low: 7, high: 9, location: lateral
panicle_shape shape: ellipsoid
panicle_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
Betulaceae Alnus hirsuta Trees to 20 m tall; bark gray-brown, smooth. Branchlets dark gray, angular, densely gray pubescent when young, glabrescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 scales, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-5.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade suborbicular, rarely broadly ovate, 4-9 × 2.5-9 cm, abaxially light green or glaucescent, densely or sparsely brown hispidulous, rarely subglabrous, sometimes bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially dark green, sparsely villous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, rarely cuneate or subcordate, margin undulate-serrate, apex rounded, rarely acute; lateral veins 5-10 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-8 in a raceme, subglobose or oblong, 1-2 cm; peduncle 2-3 mm; bracts 3-4 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm, with papery wings ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: gray
color: gray
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_surface surface: pubescent
bud_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 8
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: brown
color: green
leaf_margin margin: undulate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hispid
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
petiole_scales_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
raceme_count low: 5, high: 10, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: subglobose
shape: oblong
raceme_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus japonica Trees to 20 m tall; bark gray-brown, smooth. Branches dark gray or gray-brown, striate, glabrous; branchlets brown, glabrous or yellow pubescent when young, sometimes resinous glandular. Buds stipitate, with 2 glabrous, ribbed scales. Petiole 1-3 cm, sparsely resinous glandular and pubescent; leaf blade obovate or obovate-elliptic on dwarf shoots, obovate-lanceolate on branchlets, 4-14 × 2.5-4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent at first, glabrescent, sometimes resinous glandular and bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex mucronate, acute, or acuminate; lateral veins 7-11 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-5 in a raceme, ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle robust, ca. 1 cm; bracts 3-5 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet obovate, 2-3 mm, with papery wings ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_apex_shape shape: mucronate
branch_axil_surface surface: glandular, location: lateral
branch_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
branch_base_shape shape: cuneate
branch_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
color: brown
color: yellow
branch_margin margin: serrate
branch_shape shape: obovate-lanceolate
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
branch_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
branch_venation venation: striate
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
bud_scales_venation venation: rib
bud_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 5
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
raceme_count low: 7, high: 11, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: ellipsoid
raceme_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus lanata Trees to 20 m tall; bark yellow-gray, smooth. Branchlets gray-brown or purplish brown, striate, densely yellow-brown tomentose when young. Buds stipitate; stipe densely yellow-brown tomentose; scales 2, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, densely yellow-brown tomentose when young, becoming sparsely pubescent in furrow; leaf blade obovate-oblong or oblong, 5-14 × 3-8 cm, abaxially densely yellow-brown tomentose, with dense, resinous glands, adaxially sparsely villous, base subrounded, rarely broadly cuneate, margin irregularly minutely serrate, apex abruptly acute; lateral veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, oblong, 1.5-4 × 0.8-2 cm; peduncle slender, densely yellow-brown tomentose when young; bracts 3-5 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet ovate-elliptic, ca. 3 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: yellow-gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: purple-brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
branch_venation venation: striate
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_color color: yellow-brown
peduncle_count low: 10, high: 13, location: lateral
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
stipe_color color: yellow-brown
stipe_scales_count low: 2
stipe_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus mandshurica Shrubs or trees to 10 m tall; bark dark gray, smooth. Branchlets gray-brown, glabrous. Buds sessile, with 3-6 scales. Petiole robust, 0.5-2 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, sometimes resinous glandular; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 4-10 × 2.5-8 cm, both surfaces glabrous except bearded in axils of lateral veins abaxially, base rounded or subcordate, rarely broadly cuneate or unequal, margin densely minutely doubly or simply serrate, apex acute; lateral veins 7-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 3-6 in a raceme, oblong or globose, 1-2 cm; peduncles pendulous, 0.5-2(-3) cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; bracts 3-4 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet ca. 2 mm, with membranous wings ca. as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 6
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_surface surface: surface, location: lateral
surface: glabrous, location: lateral
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_shape shape: pendulous
shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
petiole_scales_count low: 3, high: 6
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
raceme_count low: 7, high: 13, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: oblong
shape: spheric
raceme_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus nepalensis Trees to 15 m tall; bark gray or dark gray, smooth. Branchlets dark brown, sparsely yellow pubescent when young, glabrescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 glabrous, ribbed scales. Petiole robust, 1-2.5 cm, subglabrous; leaf blade obovate-lanceolate, obovate-oblong, ovate, or elliptic, 4-16 × 2.5-10 cm, abaxially with dense, resinous glands, yellow pubescent along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin entire or remotely minutely serrate, apex abrupt or acute, rarely acuminate; lateral veins 8-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences numerous, in a panicle, ellipsoid, 2-2.2 cm × 7-8 mm; peduncle robust, 2-8 mm, glabrous; bracts ca. 4 mm, woody, persistent, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet oblong, ca. 2 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 28, 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: pubescent
bud_scales_venation venation: rib
bud_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 56
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 16, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-lanceolate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
panicle_shape shape: ellipsoid
panicle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Alnus trabeculosa Trees to 10 m tall; bark gray or gray-brown, smooth. Branches dark gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets gray-brown, yellow pubescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 glabrous, ribbed scales. Leaves obovate-oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or oblong, 6-16 × 2.5-7 cm, abaxially resinous glandular, glabrous except bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex acute or acuminate to caudate; lateral veins 6-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-4 in a raceme, oblong, 1-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle 1-2 cm, glabrous; bracts 5-7 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet broadly ovate, 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm, with papery wings ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
bract_base_shape shape: cuneate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
bud_scales_venation venation: rib
bud_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_axil_surface surface: glabrous, location: lateral
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_count low: 2
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblanceolate-oblong
shape: oblong
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_lobe_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
raceme_count low: 6, high: 13, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: oblong
raceme_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula Trees or shrubs deciduous. Buds sessile, with several overlapping scales. Leaves often glandular punctate abaxially, usually serrate or dentate, rarely lobulate. Male inflorescence pendulous, elongate, cylindric, with numerous overlapping bracts, each bract subtending 2 bracteoles and 3 flowers; calyx 4-lobed; stamens 2; anthers 2-loculed; thecae connate, apex pubescent or glabrous. Female inflorescence 1, or 2-several in a raceme, spicate, ellipsoid, or cylindric; bracts numerous, overlapping, leathery, deciduous, apex deeply 3-lobed, each bract subtending 3 flowers. Nutlet compressed, usually with membranous wings.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_apex_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
anther_count low: 2
bract_count_male low: 2, sex: male, location: subtending
bract_lobe_count low: 3
calyx_lobe_count low: 4
flower_count low: 3, location: subtending
flower_count_male low: 3, sex: male, location: subtending
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: elongate, sex: male
shape: cylindric, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: dentate
margin: lobulate
leaf_surface surface: glandular
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
raceme_count low: 2
raceme_shape shape: spicate
shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric
stamen_count low: 2
Betulaceae Betula albosinensis Trees to 30 m tall; bark orange-red or orange, shiny, exfoliating in papery flakes. Branchlets reddish brown, glabrous, sometimes resinous glandular. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 3-8 × 2-5 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, sparsely villous, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or subcordate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 10-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, or 2 or 3 in a raceme, oblong-cylindric, 3-4 × 1-1.2 cm; peduncle slender, ca. 1 cm; bracts 4-7 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong or lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, suborbicular, ca. 1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, 2-3 mm, with membranous wings ca. as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: orange-red
color: orange
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
bract_shape shape: orbicular
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 1
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 10, high: 14, location: lateral
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
raceme_count low: 2, high: 3
raceme_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
raceme_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula alnoides Trees to 30 m tall; bark gray, exfoliating. Branchlets densely white villous and resinous glandular. Petiole 1.5-3(-4) cm, densely villous and glandular punctate; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, 4-12 × 2.5-5.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely glandular punctate, sparsely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, rarely subcordate, margin irregularly incurved setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 3-5 in a raceme, pendulous, narrowly cylindric, 5-10 cm × 4-6 mm when mature; peduncle 2-3 mm, densely yellow villous; bracts ca. 3 mm, densely pubescent and ciliolate, becoming spongy at base, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong or obtuse, lateral lobes reduced, auriculate. Nutlet obovate, 1.5-2 mm, sparsely pubescent at apex, with membranous wings ca. 2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. Oct-Jan, fr. Mar-May. 2n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_ciliolate_surface surface: pubescent
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: obtuse
bract_shape shape: auriculate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: white
branch_surface surface: villose
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: incurved-setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface: glandular
raceme_count low: 10, high: 13, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
raceme_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula austrosinensis Trees to 25 m tall; bark brown or gray-brown, fissured. Branchlets yellow-brown, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-14 × 2-7 cm, papery, abaxially densely resinous punctate, villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or subcordate, sometimes asymmetric, margin irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, erect, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 2.5-6 × 1.2-2.5 cm; peduncle 2-3 mm; bracts 0.8-1.3 cm, densely pubescent and ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet narrowly elliptic or oblong-obovate, 4-5 × ca. 2 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: gray-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 12, high: 14, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula calcicola Shrubs to 4 m tall; bark gray-black. Branches erect or prostrate; branchlets grayish brown, densely white or yellow villous. Petiole 1-2 mm, densely yellow sericeous-villous; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, rarely oblong, 2-3.2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely yellow sericeous-villous along veins, sparsely resinous punctate, adaxially densely white or yellow sericeous-villous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin obtusely doubly serrate, apex rounded or obtuse; lateral veins 9-16 on each side of midvein, distinctly raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1.5-2 cm × 7-10 mm; peduncle ca. 2 mm; bracts ca. 5 mm, densely sericeous-villous, base hispidulous, margin densely and long ciliate, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes ovate, 1/3-1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet suborbicular, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-black
bract_base_surface surface: hispid
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: white
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: villose
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
color: white
color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: sericeous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_shape shape: orbicular
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
shrub_size height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula chinensis Shrubs to 5 m tall; bark black-gray. Branchlets brown or yellow-brown, densely villous. Petiole 0.2-2 cm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 1.5-6 × 1-5 cm, abaxially villous, sometimes resinous punctate, sparsely bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely villous when young, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly dentate-serrate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 8 or 9(or 10) on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence subglobose, rarely oblong, 1-2 × 0.6-1.5 cm; peduncle 1-2 mm; bracts 5-9 mm, pubescent, ciliate, 3-lobed, lobes reflexed, middle lobe lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, ovate, 1/3-1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate or ovate, with very narrow wings, sometimes horn-shaped at apex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black-gray
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 9, max: 10, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: subglobose
shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: dentate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
shape: ovate
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
shrub_size height_high: 5.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula costata Trees to 30 m tall; bark grayish brown, exfoliating in papery flakes. Branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets brown, densely yellow resinous glandular, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 0.8-2 cm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3.5-7 × 1.5-4.5 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, villous, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 9-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, oblong, 1.5-2.5 × ca. 1 cm; peduncle 2-5 mm; bracts 5-8 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, oblong, ca. 1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: red-brown
color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 9, high: 16, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula cylindrostachya Trees to 30 m tall; bark brown or grayish black. Branchlets yellow-brown, densely yellow villous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, densely yellow pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-14 × 2-8 cm, both surfaces densely villous when young, abaxially densely resinous punctate and bearded in axils of lateral veins, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly subincurved setiform serrate; apex acuminate; lateral veins 13 or 14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2, narrowly cylindric, 2.5-10 cm × 5-7(-10) mm; peduncle 7-10 mm, densely yellow pubescent; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 × 1.5-1.7 mm, sparsely pubescent at base, ciliolate, spongy at base when mature, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate-lanceolate, lateral lobes ± reduced, ca. 1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate or oblong, ca. 2 × 1-1.5 mm, densely pubescent at apex, with membranous wings ca. 2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
color: gray-black
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.7, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at base
branch_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 2
inflorescence_shape shape: cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.0, width_max: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: subincurved-setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_count low: 13, high: 14, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula dahurica Trees to 20 m tall; bark black-brown, fissured. Branches red-brown or dark brown, shiny, glabrous; branchlets red-brown, villous, with dense, resinous glands. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, or elliptic, 4-8 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially densely resinous glandular along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded, broadly cuneate, or cuneate, margin irregularly and acutely doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 6-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect or pendulous, oblong-cylindric, 2-2.5 × ca. 1 cm; peduncle 5-12 mm; bracts 5-6 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong-lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading or recurved, ovate or broadly ovate, ca. as long as middle lobe. Nutlet broadly elliptic, glabrous, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: recurved
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: red-brown
color: brown
color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 8, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula delavayi Shrubs or trees to 8 m tall; bark dark gray. Branches diagonal or prostrate, sometimes erect; branchlets brown, densely yellow villous. Petiole 5-10 mm, sparsely villous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, ovate, or broadly ovate, (1.5-)2-7 × 1-4 cm, abaxially sparsely resinous punctate and white sericeous-villous along veins, adaxially densely yellow sericeous-villous when young, base rounded, margin doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or subrounded; lateral veins (5-)9-21 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence oblong or oblong-cylindric, 1-2.5 cm × 5-10 mm; peduncle ca. 5 mm, villous; bracts 5-10 mm, pubescent, ciliate, sometimes densely villous, 3-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate or oblong, lateral lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate or elliptic, 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 mm, pubescent, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: villose
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count min: 5, low: 9, high: 21, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: white
color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_min: 1.5, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: sericeous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula delavayi var. delavayi
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula delavayi var. microstachya
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula delavayi var. polyneura
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula ermanii Trees to 20 m tall; bark grayish white, exfoliating in thin sheets. Branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets brown-green, densely villous, resinous glandular; bud scales densely silky villous. Petiole 1-2.4 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or triangular-ovate, 2-7 × 1.2-5 cm, abaxially resinous punctate and villous, adaxially sparsely villous, base subrounded, truncate, broadly cuneate, or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ovoid or oblong, 1.5-2.7 × 0.8-1.5 cm; peduncle 3-6 mm or obscure; bracts 5-8 mm, 3-lobed, lobes oblanceolate, lateral lobes spreading or erect, slightly shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet obovate or ovate-elliptic, 2.5-3 × 1.8-2 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-white
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblanceolate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: red-brown
color: brown-green
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
surface: glandular
bud_scales_surface surface: silky
surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: triangular-ovate
shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula ermanii var. ermanii Leaves acute or acuminate at apex. Female inflorescence oblong; peduncle 3-6 mm; lateral lobes of bracts erect, apex acute, without a lobule at base.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
leaf_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
Betulaceae Betula ermanii var. macrostrobila Leaves caudate-acuminate at apex. Female inflorescence ovoid; peduncle obscure; lateral lobes of bracts erect, apex acute, without a lobule at base.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
leaf_shape shape: caudate-acuminate
Betulaceae Betula ermanii var. yingkiliensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula fargesii Trees to 15 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets brown, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 4-6 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-6 × 2.5-4.5 cm, papery, abaxially villous along veins, adaxially scattered pilose, base rounded, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acute or acuminate; veins 9-11 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ovoid or ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm; peduncle 1-2 mm; bracts 5-10 mm, ciliate, with 3 subequal lobes. Nutlet obovate, pubescent, with very narrow wings. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 11
inflorescence_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nutlet_lobe_count low: 3
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula fruticosa Shrubs to 3 m tall; bark grayish white. Branches dark purplish brown or gray-black, glabrous; branchlets brown, scabrous, with dense, resinous glands. Petiole 2-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, rarely broadly ovate, 1.5-3 (-4.5) × 1-2(-3.5) cm, abaxially densely resinous glandular, adaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and simply minutely serrate, apex acute, rarely subrounded or obtuse; lateral veins 5-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect or spreading, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm × 5-8 mm; peduncle 2-5(-10) mm, densely pubescent; bracts 4-7 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes spreading or suberect, oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, with membranous wings 1/3-1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-white
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: gray-black
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: scabrous
inflorescence_count low: 5, high: 8, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_max: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
shrub_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula fujianensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula gmelinii Shrubs to 3 m tall; bark gray-black. Branches dark brown or gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets densely pubescent and villous, sometimes slightly scabrous, with dense, resinous glands. Petiole slender, 2-7 mm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or broadly ovate, 1.5-4 × 1-2.5 cm, glabrous, abaxially resinous punctate when young, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly acutely minutely serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse; lateral veins 4-6 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect, oblong, 1-2.2 cm × 8-9 mm; peduncle 3-6 mm or ± obscure; bracts 5-6 mm, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes spreading, ovate, slightly shorter than and ca. 2 × as wide as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, with membranous wings 1-2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-black
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
surface: scabrous
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 6, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular-obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula gynoterminalis Trees to 7 m tall. Branches dark purplish, glabrous. Petiole ca. 5 mm, densely villous; leaf blade broadly ovate or broadly oblong, 12-13 × 7-8 cm, leathery or papery, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and simply serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 16-18 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially. Female inflorescences 4 in a raceme, terminal, pendulous, cylindric, 5-7 × ca. 1 cm; peduncle obscure; bracts ca. 8 × 4 mm, long ciliate at apex, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, narrowly oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bract_shape shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 4.0, width_units: mm
branch_color color: purple
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 4
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: villose
raceme_count low: 16, high: 18, location: lateral
raceme_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula halophila Shrubs to 3 m tall; bark grayish brown. Branches brown; branchlets densely pubescent and resinous glandular. Petiole slender, ca. 1 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate, rarely ovate-rhombic, 2.5-4.5 × 1.2-3 cm, abaxially sparsely resinous punctate and pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded, broadly cuneate, or cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence pendulous, oblong, 2-3 × 1-1.2 cm; peduncle 5-8 mm, densely pubescent; bracts ca. 7 mm, densely pubescent and ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, lateral lobes horizontal or recurved, oblong-ovate, ca. as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, with membranous wings 1.5-2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: triangular
shape: recurved
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: oblong-ovate
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 7, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-rhomboic
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula humilis Shrubs to 2 m tall; bark dark brown. Branches black-brown, glabrous, densely resinous glandular; branchlets brown, densely pubescent and yellow resinous glandular. Petiole ca. 5 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 1-2.5(-4) × 0.6-1.5(-2) cm, both surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate or cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin irregularly and doubly coarsely serrate, apex acute; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect, oblong, 1-1.5 cm × 4-6 mm; peduncle 1-3 mm, sparsely pubescent and resinous glandular; bracts 3-4 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes spreading, ovate or oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as or subequal to middle lobe. Nutlet oblong, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: black-brown
color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 5, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size height_high: 2.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula insignis Trees to 25 m tall; bark grayish black, fragrant. Branchlets brown, yellow pubescent at first, soon glabrescent, fragrant. Petiole 0.8-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 8-13 × 3-6 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous, base subrounded or subcordate, margin doubly mucronate serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 12-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect or recurved, oblong, 2.5-4 × 1.5-2 cm; peduncle obscure; bracts 7-12 mm, densely pubescent and ciliate, 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate, lateral lobes erect, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet narrowly oblong, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous, with membranous wings 1/4-1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-black
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: recurved
shape: oblong
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
odor odor: fragrant
odor: fragrant
peduncle_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula jinpingensis Trees. Branches dark gray; branchlets grayish, glabrous. Petiole robust, ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 7-10 × 3.5-5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely resinous punctate, villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, margin irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins ca.13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, or 2 or 3 in a cluster, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 4-5 × 1-1.2 cm; peduncle 6-7 mm or ± obscure; bracts 6-7 mm, with a tuft of coarse hairs at base, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate-lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet elliptic, ca. 2 mm, with membranous wings ca. 1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: gray
color: gray
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 2, high: 3
peduncle_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
Betulaceae Betula jiulungensis Trees to 12 m tall. Branches gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets brown, densely yellow villous. Petiole 3-5 mm, yellow sericeous-villous; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 × 1-2.7 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely yellow sericeous-villous, adaxially sparsely white villous, base subrounded, margin doubly serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 16-19(-21) on each side of midvein, distinctly raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially. Male inflorescence 1, or 2 or 3 in a cluster, to 4.7 cm; bracts densely yellow tomentose. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm × 5-8 mm; peduncle ca. 2 mm; bracts ca. 5 mm, ciliolate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow
bract_count_male low: 2, high: 3, sex: male
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_size_male length_high: 4.7, length_units: cm, sex: male
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
inflorescence_count_male low: 1, sex: male
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_color color: yellow
color: white
leaf_count low: 16, high: 19, max: 21, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.7, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula luminifera Trees to 25 m tall; bark dark brown, smooth. Branchlets yellow-brown, densely yellow pubescent, sparsely resinous glandular, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, densely villous and resinous punctate; leaf blade oblong, broadly oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, rarely elliptic or ovate, 4.5-10 × 2.5-6 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely pubescent when young, base rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex mucronate or caudate; lateral veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1(-2), pendulous, narrowly cylindric, 3-9 cm × 6-10 mm; peduncle 1-2 mm, densely pubescent and resinous punctate; bracts 2-3 mm, sparsely pubescent and ciliolate, spongy at base, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong or lanceolate, lateral lobes ± reduced, 1/4-1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent, with membranous wings 1-2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_ciliolate_surface surface: pubescent
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 1, max: 2
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 12, high: 14, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula microphylla Trees to 6 m tall; bark grayish white, exfoliating in flakes. Branches grayish or grayish brown, resinous glandular; branchlets yellow-brown, densely pubescent and resinous glandular. Petiole slender, ca. 1 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade rhombic or rhombic-obovate, 1.5-5 × 1-3.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent and resinous punctate when young, base cuneate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly or simply roughly serrate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 4-6 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1-2.5 cm × 7-8 mm; peduncle erect, 5-10 mm; bracts 5-6 mm, sparsely pubescent and ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes erect or slightly spreading, ovate or oblong, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, densely pubescent, with membranous wings ca. as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-white
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 6, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: rhomboic
shape: rhomboic-obovate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 6.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula microphylla var. ebinurica
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula microphylla var. harasiica
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula microphylla var. latibracteata
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula microphylla var. paludosa
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula microphylla var. tumantica
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Betula middendorfii Shrubs to 2 m tall; bark red-brown, shiny. Branches spreading, dark red-brown, glabrous, shiny, becoming glaucous; branchlets black-brown, densely pubescent and resinous glandular. Petiole ca. 3 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade broadly obovate, 1.5-2.7 × 1.2-2.1 cm, abaxially light green, sparsely resinous punctate, glabrous, adaxially dark green and shiny, base broadly cuneate or rounded-cuneate, margin irregularly and obtusely doubly serrate, apex obtuse or subrounded; lateral veins 3-5 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence spreading or pendulous, oblong, 1.2-1.5 cm × 8-9 mm; peduncle 8-10 mm, slender, densely pubescent and resinous glandular, bracts ca. 6 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate, lateral lobes erect, obovate, ca. as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, glabrous, with membranous wings slightly wider than nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: obovate
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: glandular
branch_color color: red-brown
color: glaucous
color: black-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
fruit_count low: 48
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 5, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: oblong
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular-cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.1, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 56
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size height_high: 2.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula ovalifolia Shrubs to 2 m tall; bark gray-brown. Branches dark brown, sparsely pubescent and resinous glandular; branchlets brown, densely yellow villous and pubescent, ± resinous glandular. Petiole 3-7 mm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, rhombic-elliptic, rhombic-ovate, or obovate, 3-3.5 × 2-4 cm, both surfaces densely resinous glandular and white villous when young, abaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, cuneate, or subrounded, margin simply minutely serrate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 5-7 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect, oblong, rarely globose, 1.5-3 cm × 7-12 mm; peduncle 2-6 mm, sparsely pubescent; bracts 5-6 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes erect or subspreading, oblong or ovate, slightly shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, with membranous wings 1/3-1/2 as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
color: brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
surface: villose
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 5, high: 7, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: spheric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: rhomboic-elliptic
shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: obovate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glandular
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size height_high: 2.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula pendula Trees to 25 m tall; bark grayish white, exfoliating in sheets. Branches usually pendulous, dark brown, slender, glabrous, shiny; branchlets brown, slender, glabrous, sparsely resinous glandular or not. Petiole slender, 2-3 cm; leaf blade triangular-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3-7.5 × 1.5-6 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, adaxially glabrous, base truncate, broadly cuneate, or cuneate, margin coarsely or incised doubly serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 6-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence oblong or oblong-cylindric, 1-3.3 cm × 8-10 mm; peduncle pendulous, 1-2 cm; bracts 5-6 mm, densely pubescent, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate or triangular-ovate, lateral lobes recurved, slightly longer than middle lobe. Nutlet obovate-elliptic, ca. 2 × 1 mm, sparsely pubescent, with membranous wings slightly longer than and ca. 2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28, (42), 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-white
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular-ovate
shape: recurved
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
color: brown
branch_shape shape: pendulous
shape: slender
shape: slender
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
fruit_count low: 42
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 8, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
leaf_margin margin: incised-doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 56
nutlet_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_shape shape: pendulous
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula platyphylla Trees to 30 m tall; bark grayish white, exfoliating in sheets. Branches not pendulous, dark gray or dark brown, glabrous; branchlets brown, sparsely resinous glandular. Petiole slender, 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade triangular, ovate-triangular, rhombic-triangular, rhombic-ovate, or broadly ovate, 3-9 × 2-7.5 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate, glabrous, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent and resinous glandular when young, base truncate, broadly cuneate, or cuneate and subcordate, margin doubly or simply serrate, or incised-serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 5-7(-9) on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence pendulous, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 2-5 × 0.6-1.4 cm; peduncle slender, 1-2.5 cm; bracts 5-7 mm, densely pubescent and ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular-ovate, lateral lobes erect or spreading to recurved, ovate or suborbicular, slightly shorter to longer than middle lobe. Nutlet narrowly oblong, oblong, or ovate, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, with membranous wings slightly longer than and about as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-white
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: recurved
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray
color: brown
color: brown
branch_shape shape: pendulous
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 5, high: 7, max: 9, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
shape: oblong
shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: incised-serrate
leaf_shape shape: triangular
shape: ovate-triangular
shape: rhomboic-triangular
shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula potaninii Shrubs or trees to 5 m tall; bark grayish brown. Branches decumbent and prostrate or slender and pendulous; branchlets brown, very slender, densely yellow or white pubescent. Bud scales glabrous. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely yellow villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely yellow-brown or white sericeous-villous along veins, adaxially densely villous when young, base rounded, margin acutely doubly serrate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 9-21 on each side of midvein, distinctly raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm × 5-6 mm; peduncle ca. 2 mm, densely yellow villous; bracts 4-5 mm, densely pubescent and ciliolate, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate-oblong, with a tuft of long hairs at apex, lateral lobes ovate, slightly shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet obovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, pubescent, with very narrow wings. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_ciliolate_surface surface: pubescent
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow
color: white
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: pendulous
shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: decumbent
habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 21, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: white
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 5.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula rhombibracteata Trees to 7 m tall; bark dark yellow-brown. Branchlets purplish brown, densely white villous and resinous glandular. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, sparsely villous and resinous punctate; leaf blade oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 8-13 × 5-7.5 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate and villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous when young, becoming villous and resinous punctate along midvein, base rounded, rarely subcordate or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly mucronate serrate or setiform serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 11-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2, sometimes 3 in a raceme, narrowly cylindric, ca. 10 cm × 8 mm when mature; peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, densely pubescent; bracts rhombic, 4-5 × ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ciliolate along margin, 3-lobed, middle lobe rhombic, lateral lobes triangular, small, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet oblong, 3-5 × 1.5-3 mm, sparsely pubescent, with membranous wings ca. 2 × as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: yellow-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: rhomboic
shape: triangular
bract_shape shape: rhomboic
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: glabrous
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: white
branch_surface surface: villose
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 2
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 11, high: 15, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
raceme_count low: 3
raceme_shape shape: cylindric
raceme_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 8.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula rotundifolia Shrubs to 2 m tall; bark gray-black. Branches dark gray, glabrous, densely yellow resinous glandular; branchlets red-brown, densely white pubescent and resinous glandular. Petiole 5-7 mm, slender, densely pubescent; leaf blade suborbicular, rarely broadly obovate, 1-2.5 × 0.8-2 cm, both surfaces glabrous and densely resinous punctate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex subrounded; lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect, oblong-cylindric, 1.5-2.4 cm × 6-8 mm; peduncle 3-4 mm, densely pubescent; bracts circa 6 mm, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe oblong, lateral lobes slightly spreading, elliptic, slightly shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet oblong, circa 2.5 × 1.8 mm, with membranous wings slightly narrower than nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-black
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: elliptic
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: red-brown
color: white
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 4, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size height_high: 2.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Betula schmidtii Trees to 35 m tall; bark black or black-brown, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown, densely villous, sparsely resinous glandular. Petiole 5-10 mm, villous; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic, 4-8 × 2.5-4.5 cm, subleathery, shiny, abaxially densely resinous punctate and sparsely villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, margin irregularly and doubly or simply minutely serrate; lateral veins 8-10 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence erect, oblong-cylindric, 2-3 cm × 7-8 mm; peduncle robust, 3-6 mm, sparsely pubescent; bracts 4-5 mm, glabrous, 3-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate, lateral lobes spreading, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet ovate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black
color: black-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: villose
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 10, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: ovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 35.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula tianschanica Trees to 12 m tall; bark yellow-white or yellow-brown, exfoliating in flakes. Branches gray-brown or dark brown, glabrous; branchlets densely pubescent and villous, sparsely resinous glandular. Petiole 5-7 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate-rhombic or ovate-rhombic, rarely ovate or rhombic, 2-7 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces sparsely resinous punctate and villous when young, base broadly cuneate or cuneate, margin doubly and coarsely mucronate serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 4-7 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1-4 cm × 5-10 mm; peduncle pendulous, 0.5-1.7 cm, densely pubescent; bracts 5-8 mm, pubescent, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular or oblong, lateral lobes slightly spreading to horizontal or recurved, ovate, oblong, or subrhombic, slightly wider and shorter than middle lobe. Nutlet obovate, ca. 2.5 mm, with membranous wings ca. as wide as or slightly wider and longer than nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: yellow-white
color: yellow-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: triangular
shape: oblong
shape: recurved
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: subrhombic
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
surface: glandular
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 7, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-rhomboic
shape: ovate-rhomboic
shape: ovate
shape: rhomboic
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_shape shape: pendulous
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula trichogemma Shrubs or trees to 4 m tall; bark gray-brown. Branchlets brown, densely grayish tomentose. Bud scales densely grayish tomentose. Petiole ca. 2 mm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.5-3 × 0.8-1.5 cm, abaxially yellow-brown tomentose along veins, adaxially pubescent along midvein, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin obtusely simply serrate, rarely mucronate serrate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 11-14 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially. Female inflorescence oblong-cylindric, 1.2-1.6 cm × 3-4 mm; bracts ca. 4 mm, densely pubescent and ciliolate, 3-lobed, middle lobe ovate-oblong, lateral lobes obovate, ca. 2/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet suborbicular, 2-2.5 × 1.8-2.2 mm, sparsely pubescent, with very narrow wings. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_ciliolate_surface surface: pubescent
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
color: gray
branch_surface surface: tomentose
bud_scales_color color: gray
bud_scales_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 14, location: lateral
inflorescence_shape shape: oblong-cylindric
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_shape shape: orbicular
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betula utilis Trees to 35 m tall; bark dark red-brown, exfoliating in thin flakes. Branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets brown, densely resinous glandular and pubescent. Petiole 0.8-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 4-9 × 2.5-6 cm, abaxially densely resinous punctate and pubescent, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely villous when young, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 8-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1, or 2 or 3 in a raceme, pendulous, oblong-cylindric, 3-5 cm × 7-12 mm; peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm; bracts 5-8 mm, pubescent, ciliate, 3-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate, lateral lobes ovate, ca. 1/3 as long as middle lobe. Nutlet obovate, 2-3 × 1.5-2 mm, with membranous wings ca. as wide as nutlet. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 56.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: red-brown
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: red-brown
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 1
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_shape shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_wing_surface surface: membranous
peduncle_count low: 8, high: 14, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
raceme_count low: 2, high: 3
raceme_shape shape: pendulous
shape: oblong-cylindric
raceme_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 35.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Betulaceae Trees or shrubs deciduous, monoecious. Stipules present, free, often deciduous, rarely persistent. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, usually doubly serrate, rarely simply serrate, lobulate, or entire; veins pinnate. Flowers unisexual. Male inflorescence precocious, elongate, pendulous, with numerous overlapping bracts; each bract usually subtending a small dichasium with 1-3 male flowers; stamens as many as and opposite sepals or, if sepals obsolete, then stamens of inflorescence to 20; filaments very short, connate or nearly so; anthers 2-loculed, thecae connate or separate, opening by longitudinal slits. Female inflorescence pendulous or erect, with numerous overlapping bracts; each bract subtending a small dichasium with 2 or 3 flowers; calyx with 1-6 scalelike lobes, or obsolete; petals absent; ovary inferior, 2-loculed; styles 2, free; ovules 2, or 1 by abortion, pendulous from near apex of each locule. Fruit a nut or nutlet, winged or not. Seed 1, with straight embryo and flat or thickened cotyledons, without endosperm.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
calyx_lobe_count low: 1, high: 6
cotyledon_shape shape: straight
flower_count low: 2, high: 3, location: subtending
flower_count_male low: 1, high: 3, sex: male, location: subtending
habit_male habit: precocious, sex: male
inflorescence_count low: 20
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
inflorescence_shape_male shape: elongate, sex: male
shape: pendulous, sex: male
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate
margin: lobulate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: petiolate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: pinnate
locule_count low: 2
ovary_apex_shape shape: pendulous
ovary_count low: 2
low: 2
petal_count low: 0
seed_count low: 1
shrub_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
stipule_duration duration: persistent
Betulaceae Carpinus Trees, sometimes shrubs, deciduous; bark fissured or smooth. Stipules deciduous. Leaves alternate, irregularly and doubly or simply serrate. Male inflorescence pendulous, spicate-cymose, cylindric, enclosed by buds during winter, with many overlapping bracts; flowers without bracteoles or perianth; stamens 3-12, inserted at base of bracts; filaments forked at apex; anthers 2-loculed, thecae separate, pubescent at apex. Female inflorescence terminal or axillary on dwarf shoots, racemose; flowers paired; bracts leaflike, complanate, overlapping, 2- or 3-lobed at base. Nutlet ribbed, enclosed by lobes of bracts or not.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
anther_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bark_surface surface: smooth
bud_shape_male shape: cylindric, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: spicate, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: serrate
missing missing_part: without bract
nutlet_lobe_count low: 2, high: 3, subpart_as_loc: at base
nutlet_venation venation: rib
stamen_count low: 3, high: 12
Betulaceae Carpinus chuniana Trees to 10 m tall; bark black-gray. Branchlets purplish brown, densely yellow villous when young, glabrescent. Petiole robust, 6-12 mm, densely yellow villous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 7-11 × 5-5.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely villous along midvein when young, densely glandular punctate, base cordate, sometimes unequal, margin regularly or irregularly doubly minutely serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 14-18 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-11 × ca. 2.5 cm; peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm, densely hirsute and pubescent; bracts broadly semiovate, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.3 cm, both surfaces densely villous along veins, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely minutely serrate, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, densely pubescent, sparsely brown resinous glandular, apex villous. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: black-gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
margin: serrate
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 18, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_apex_surface surface: villose
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: hirsute
surface: pubescent
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus cordata Trees to 18 m tall; bark gray or black-gray, scaly fissured. Branchlets brown or yellow-brown, glabrous or sparsely villous when young and glabrescent or densely pubescent and villous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrescent or sparsely villous to densely pubescent or tomentose; leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 8-15 × 4-5 cm, abaxially sparsely to densely villous along midvein and lateral veins or densely pubescent and tomentose, adaxially sparsely villous or glabrescent, base unequally cordate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 15-20 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-12 × 4-4.5 cm; peduncle 3-4 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent; bracts densely overlapping, broadly ovate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.3 cm, glabrous except abaxially bearded at base, outer margin remotely serrate and inflexed, inner margin remotely serrate distally, with oblong basal lobe enclosing nutlet; veins 5, reticulate veins faint. Nutlet oblong, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, faintly ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: black-gray
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: serrate, location: distal
bract_shape shape: ovate-oblong
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at base
branch_color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 20, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
surface: pubescent, location: lateral
surface: tomentose, location: lateral
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_lobe_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus cordata var. chinensis Branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescence densely pubescent and villous. Leaves sparsely villous along midvein and lateral veins abaxially.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
leaf_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus cordata var. cordata Branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescence glabrous or sparsely villous when young.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
Betulaceae Carpinus cordata var. mollis Branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescence densely villous. Leaves densely pubescent and tomentose abaxially.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence_surface surface: villose
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus dayongina Trees to 4 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark purplish, glabrous. Petiole 5-7 mm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4.5 × 1-1.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, glabrous elsewhere, adaxially villous when young, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin simply setiform serrate, apex long acuminate; lateral veins 18-20 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 1.4-2.5 × 1-1.2 cm; peduncle 1.4-2.1 cm, slender, pubescent; bracts semiovate, 5-8 × 3-4 mm, pubescent at base adaxially, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 2-3 × 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, prominently ribbed. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at base
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 18, high: 20, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.1, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus fangiana Trees to 20 m tall; bark dark gray or gray-brown. Branchlets purple-brown, glabrescent. Petiole glabrous, ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-27 × 2.5-8 cm, both surfaces glabrous except sparsely villous along midvein and lateral veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, base cordate, subrounded, or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 24-34 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 45-50 × 3-4 cm; peduncle 3-5 cm, densely pubescent and sparsely villous; bracts densely overlapping, obliquely elliptic, 1.8-2.5 × 1-1.2 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely villous along veins, abaxially bearded at base, outer margin remotely serrate and slightly inflexed, inner margin remotely minutely serrate proximally, with small, inflexed basal lobe covering nutlet, apex acute; veins 5 from base, reticulate veins faint. Nutlet oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, glabrous, faintly ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
bract_margin margin: serrate
bract_shape shape: elliptic
bract_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
inflorescence_count low: 24, high: 34, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 27.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: lateral
surface: glabrous, location: lateral
surface: villose, location: lateral
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_apex_shape shape: acute
nutlet_count low: 5, subpart_as_loc: from base
nutlet_margin margin: serrate, location: proximal
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 3.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus fargesiana Trees to 20 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark brown, sparsely villous. Petiole slender, 6-10 mm, sparsely villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong, rarely narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 2.5-7.5(-8) × 2-2.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous when young, glabrescent, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 4-7 × 2.5-3 cm; peduncle 1-1.5 cm, sparsely villous; bracts semiovate or broadly semiovate, 1.3-1.5 cm × 6-8 mm, villous along reticulate veins, outer margin irregularly dentate-serrate or lobulate-serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acuminate; veins 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, sometimes sparsely resinous glandular, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate-serrate
margin: lobulate-serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.5, length_max: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus fargesiana var. fargesiana
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus fargesiana var. hwai
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus firmifolia Trees to 10 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets black-gray, slender, densely yellow-brown villous when young, becoming sparsely pilose. Petiole ca. 5 mm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 2.7-5 × 1.5-2(-3.5) cm, leathery, abaxially sericeous-villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially villous along midvein, base subcordate or subrounded, margin regularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 11 or 12 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Female inflorescence 4-5 × 1.5-2 cm; peduncle short, ca. 2 mm, densely villous; bracts semiovate, 1.4-1.6 cm × 5-6 mm, sparsely villous, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: black-gray
color: yellow-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: villose
surface: pilose
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 12, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 2.7, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_max: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus glanduloso-punctata
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus hebestroma Trees to 8 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets purplish brown, slender, pubescent. Petiole slender, 7-10 mm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-5.5 × 1.4-1.5(-1.8) cm, subglabrous, base subrounded, margin irregularly and simply serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 11 or 12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 3-3.5 × ca. 1.5 cm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, pubescent; bracts broadly semiovate, 7-10 × ca. 5 mm, sparsely pubescent along reticulate veins, outer margin incised-dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex obtuse; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet ovoid, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, densely pubescent, villous at apex, sparsely resinous glandular, ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_margin margin: incised-dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 12, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 5.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus henryana Trees to 18 m tall; bark gray, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown, sericeous-villous, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.7 cm, glabrous or sparsely sericeous-villous; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 × 2-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially sericeous-villous along veins, glandular punctate elsewhere, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely sericeous-villous, base rounded or subcordate, sometimes unequal, margin subincurved simply dentate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 14-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 6-7 × 2-2.5 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm, pubescent; bracts semiovate, villous along reticulate veins, outer margin irregularly and remotely serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute or acuminate; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: dentate
leaf_margin_shape shape: subincurved
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: glandular
surface: sericeous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: sericeous
surface: villose
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus hupeana Trees to 18 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark purplish, glabrous. Petiole short, 0.7-1.5 cm, densely or sparsely villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 6-10 × 2.4-4.5 cm, abaxially glandular punctate, sericeous-villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous, base rounded or subcordate, margin doubly dentate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate, sometimes subobtuse; lateral veins (11-)13-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 6-11 × 2-3 cm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, densely villous; bracts semiovate, 1-1.6 cm × 7-10 mm, sparsely villous along reticulate veins, outer margin remotely serrate-dentate or incised-serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex obtuse or acute; veins 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 5 × 4 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
bract_margin margin: serrate-dentate
margin: incised-serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count min: 11, low: 13, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: dentate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: subobtuse
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.4, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 4.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus kawakamii Trees; bark dark gray. Branchlets brown, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, base subrounded or subcordate, sometimes unequal, margin regularly and doubly serrate, sometimes simply serrate distally, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 4-6 × 2-2.5 cm; peduncle ca. 1 cm, densely pubescent; bracts semiovate, 1.8-2 cm, densely pubescent adaxially, outer margin irregularly coarsely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin subfalcate or straight, entire, with ovate, inflexed basal lobe ca. 3 mm, apex acuminate; veins 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 3 mm, sparsely resinous glandular, densely villous at apex, 6-ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_margin_shape shape: straight
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
fruit_count low: 6, venation: rib
fruit_lobe_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate, location: distal
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glandular
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus kweichowensis Trees to 28 m tall; bark gray, smooth. Branchlets gray-brown, densely villous when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1.2-1.5 cm, densely yellow villous; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 8-12 × 3.5-5.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely pubescent along midvein when young, base subrounded, rarely rounded-cuneate or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 10-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 8-15 × ca. 5 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm, densely yellow villous; bracts semi-ovate-oblong or falcate-oblong, 2.8-3 × 0.9-1 cm, sparsely villous, outer margin remotely serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with ovate, flattened basal lobe ca. 3 mm; veins 3-5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 6 × 5 mm, densely pubescent, villous at apex, 8- or 9-ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: falcate-oblong
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 2.8, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: villose
fruit_count low: 8, high: 9, venation: rib
fruit_lobe_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular-cuneate
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 3, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 5.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 28.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus londoniana Trees 10-13 m tall; bark dark gray or gray-white. Branchlets drooping, black-brown, densely pubescent, filamentous villous. Petiole 4-7 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate, or oblong, 6-12 × 1.7-3.5(-5) cm, subleathery, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded-cuneate, cuneate, or subrounded, rarely subcordate or rounded, margin irregularly and doubly mucronate serrate, rarely incised-serrate, apex acuminate, caudate-acuminate, or caudate; lateral veins 11-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 8-10 mm; peduncle ca. 2.5 cm, densely villous when young, glabrescent; bracts loosely overlapping, 2.5-3 cm × 7-8 mm, glabrous, 3-lobed, middle lobe narrowly oblong, falcate-oblong, lanceolate, or falcate-lanceolate, outer margin entire or undulate-serrate, with ovate, flattened basal lobe 2-3 mm, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal lobe equal to lobe of outer margin, apex obtuse, acute, or subrounded; veins 3-5, reticulate veins present. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 3-4 × 2.5-3.5 mm, with dense, brown, resinous glands and light yellow resin, prominently ribbed. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: gray-white
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate-serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: falcate-oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: falcate-lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: acute
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: black-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
fruit_lobe_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, location: basal
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 13, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular-cuneate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
margin: incised-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
shape: orbicular
shape: caudate-acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 3.5, width_max: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_count low: 3, high: 5
nutlet_gland_color color: yellow
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 13.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus londoniana var. lanceolata
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus londoniana var. latifolia
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus londoniana var. londoniana
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus londoniana var. xiphobracteata
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus microphylla Shrubs to 3 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets gray-brown, densely yellow-brown villous. Petiole 1-1.2 cm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 0.9-1.3 × 0.7-1.2 cm, subleathery, both surfaces villous along midvein, base subrounded, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially. Female inflorescence 2-3.3 × 1-1.2 cm; peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, densely yellow-brown villous; bracts broadly semiovate, (0.7-)1.1-1.3 cm × 4-6 mm, both surfaces sparsely villous along reticulate veins, outer margin minutely serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or simply or doubly serrate distally, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 3 or 4. Nutlet ovoid, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, sparsely pubescent, densely villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire, location: distal
margin: doubly serrate, location: distal
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_min: 0.7, length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 11, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_count low: 3, high: 4
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow-brown
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
shrub_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus minutiserrata Trees; bark dark gray. Branchlets purplish brown, glabrous. Petiole ca. 7 mm, glabrous or sparsely villous; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 6-11 × ca. 2.5 cm, abaxially villous along veins, adaxially sparsely villous along midvein, base subcordate or subrounded, sometimes unequal, margin doubly and densely minutely serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 15-17 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 3-4 cm; peduncle ca. 1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; bracts semiovate, 1.3-1.4 cm × 6-7 mm, villous along veins, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or simply or doubly dentate, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 3 × 2 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, resinous glandular, 10-ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
margin: dentate
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 10, venation: rib
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 17, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus mollicoma Trees to 10 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets dark brown, densely light rust-colored villous. Petiole 3-8 mm, densely rust-colored villous; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-6.5 × 2-2.5 cm, abaxially densely white or light rust-colored appressed villous, adaxially villous especially along midvein, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, margin irregularly or rarely doubly recurved setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 14-17 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 2.5-3 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle 1-2 cm, densely white or rust-colored villous; bracts semiovate, ca. 1.5 cm × 5 mm, densely soft villous along reticulate veins on both surfaces, apex acuminate, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with small, inflexed basal auricle; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, densely villous, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 5.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
surface: surface
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 17, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular-cuneate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_margin margin: recurved-setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: villose
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: white
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus monbeigiana Trees to 16 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark gray-brown, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Petiole ca. 1 cm, densely yellow pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 5-10 × 2.5-4 cm, abaxially sericeous-villous along veins, glabrous elsewhere, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely villous along midvein, base rounded, subcordate, or rounded-cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform mucronate serrate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 14-18 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-8 × 2-2.5 cm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, densely yellow hirsute; bracts semiovate, 1.6-2 cm × 6-8 mm, abaxially densely yellow hirsute along reticulate veins, outer margin coarsely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute or obtuse; veins 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 3-4 mm, sparsely pubescent, villous at apex, densely brown or orange resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bract_color color: yellow
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: hirsute
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 18, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: setiform-mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: subcordate
shape: orbicular-cuneate
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
color: orange
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: hirsute
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 16.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus oblongifolia Trees to 12 m tall; bark brown-gray. Branchlets dark purplish, densely yellow villous when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, slender, densely yellow villous; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 3.5-7 × 2.5-3.5 cm, adaxially sparsely villous especially along midvein, abaxially villous along veins, glandular punctate elsewhere, bearded in axils of lateral veins, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 6.5-7.5 × 2-2.5 cm; peduncle ca. 1.5 cm, densely yellow villous; bracts semiovate, 1-1.5 cm × 6-8 mm, sparsely villous along reticulate veins, outer margin irregularly and obtusely serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely and obscurely serrate, with inflexed basal auricle, apex obtuse or acute; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, sparsely resinous glandular or not, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown-gray
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
margin: serrate
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 14, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.5, length_high: 7.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: villose
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus omeiensis Trees to 7 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark brown, glabrescent. Petiole 5-8 mm, densely light yellow villous; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 6-8 × 2.5-3.5 cm, abaxially appressed villous and bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin simply setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 6-8 × 1.5-2 cm; peduncle 2-3 cm, densely villous, glabrescent; bracts semiovate, 1.5-1.6 cm × 4-5 mm, sparsely villous along reticulate veins, apex acuminate, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with small basal auricle; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, densely pubescent, villous at apex, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus polyneura Trees to 15 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark purplish, slender, sparsely white pubescent or not. Petiole 5-10 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic or oblong, 4-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially densely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially densely pubescent along midvein, sparsely villous elsewhere when young, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin doubly and regularly setiform serrate; lateral veins 16-20 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 3-6 × 1-2 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm, slender, sparsely pubescent; bracts broadly semiovate, 0.8-1.5 cm × 4-6 mm, sparsely villous along reticulate veins, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with small, inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 2-3 × 1.5-2.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple
color: white
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 20, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: pubescent
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus pubescens Trees to 17 m tall; bark brown-gray. Branchlets dark brown, sparsely villous or glabrescent. Petiole 4-15 mm, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous; leaf blade oblong, oblong-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate or elliptic, 5-10 × 2-3.5 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded-cuneate, subrounded, or subcordate, sometimes unequal, margin regularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate, rarely acute; lateral veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-7 × 1-2.5 cm; peduncle 2-3 cm, sparsely villous or glabrous; bracts semiovate, rarely broadly semiovate, 1-2.5 cm, sparsely villous along veins, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, straight, or subfalcate, with inflexed basal auricle, apex obtuse or acute; veins 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 3-4 × 2-3 mm, densely pubescent, rarely glabrescent, villous at apex, sparsely resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown-gray
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: straight
shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 14, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: subcordate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 17.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus purpurinervis Trees to 5 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets purplish brown, glabrous or nearly so. Petiole 5-7 mm, sparsely villous; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, 2-6 × 1-1.7 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or subcordate, margin irregularly (rarely doubly) mucronate serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, light purplish. Female inflorescence ca. 4 × 1.5 cm; peduncle ca. 2.5 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, light purplish; bracts semiovate, ca. 15 × 7 mm, subglabrous, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acuminate or subobtuse; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, sparsely pubescent except villous at apex, sometimes resinous glandular, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: subobtuse
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 7.0, width_units: mm
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 13, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_color color: purple
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: purple
peduncle_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
tree_size height_high: 5.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus putoensis Trees to 15 m tall; bark brown-gray. Branchlets brown, sparsely villous. Petiole 5-10 mm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, 5-10 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent especially along midvein and lateral veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous when young, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 11-14 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 3-8 × 4-5 cm; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, sparsely villous or glabrescent; bracts semiovate, 2.8-3 cm × ca. 8 mm, middle lobe semiovate, outer margin irregularly remotely serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or subundulate, with ovate, inflexed basal lobe, apex rounded or obtuse; veins 3-5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 6 × 4 mm, glabrous, except villous at apex, sometimes with sparse glands, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: brown-gray
bract_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 2.8, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 14, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent, location: lateral
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 3, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 4.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus rankanensis Trees; bark dark gray. Branchlets brown, glabrous. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 8-10 × 3-4 cm, abaxially villous along midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous except hirtellous along midvein, base cordate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 20-25 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence terminal, 10-12 cm; peduncle 2-3 mm, hirtellous; bracts densely overlapping, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, ca. 13 × 7 mm, abaxially bearded at base, outer margin remotely serrate and inflexed, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely serrate distally, with small, inflexed basal lobe covering nutlet, apex acute or acuminate; veins 3 from base, reticulate veins faint. Nutlet oblong or ovoid, ca. 3.5 mm, with very faint ribs. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire, location: distal
bract_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 13.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 7.0, width_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 20, high: 25, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
nutlet_count low: 3, subpart_as_loc: from base
nutlet_margin margin: serrate, location: distal
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Carpinus rankanensis var. matsudae
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus rankanensis var. rankanensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus rupestris Trees 2-4 m tall; bark dark gray. Branches gray-black, glabrous; branchlets gray, densely white or brown villous. Petiole 1-3 mm, densely white or brown villous; leaf blade lanceo-
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
branch_color color: gray-black
color: gray
color: white
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
petiole_color color: white
color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 2.0, height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus shensiensis Trees to 15 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets purplish brown, densely pubescent when young. Petiole 0.7-1.7 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 6-9 × 3-4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, densely glandular punctate, base cordate, rarely subrounded, margin regularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 14-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 7-9 × 4-4.5 cm; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, densely pubescent intermixed with sparse, long hairs; bracts semiovate, 2.5-3 × 1-1.2 cm, villous along veins, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acuminate; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, with sparse, brown, resinous glands and prominent ribs. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_gland_venation venation: rib
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus stipulata Trees to 8 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets dark purplish, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm, sparsely villous; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3.5 × 1-3 cm, abaxially sericeous-villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or subcordate, margin simply mucronate serrate, apex acuminate, rarely acute; lateral veins 11-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 5 × 2 cm; peduncle ca. 1 cm, densely villous; bracts broadly semiovate, ca. 15 × 3 mm, sparsely villous, outer margin irregularly dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 2.5 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 13, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: acute
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus sungpanensis Trees to 10 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets light brown, densely villous when young. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm, slender, pubescent; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 4-5 × 2-2.2 cm, abaxially villous along veins, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded, rarely subcordate, margin regularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 12-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 4-6 × 1-3 cm; peduncle 2-2.5 cm, sparsely villous; bracts semiovate, 1-1.8 cm × 5-8 mm, glabrous, outer margin irregularly dentate-serrate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely minutely serrate distally, with small, inflexed basal auricle, apex acute; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate-serrate
margin: entire, location: distal
margin: serrate, location: distal
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
bract_venation venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus tientaiensis Trees 16-20 m tall; bark smooth, gray. Branchlets yellow-brown, pilose, glabrescent in 2nd year. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, densely villous in furrow; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 × 3-5.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, glabrescent except villous along midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous except pilose along midvein, base subcordate or subrounded, margin doubly and obtusely shortly serrate, apex acute, rarely acuminate; lateral veins 12-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-10 cm; peduncle ca. 2.5 cm, densely villous when young; bracts loosely overlapping, 2.5-3 cm × 7-8 mm, sparsely pubescent along veins, 3-lobed, middle lobe subobliquely or straight oblong or lanceolate, outer margin obtusely serrate, with broadly ovate, 1-3-toothed basal lobe, inner margin entire or subundulate, with ovate, entire basal lobe slightly smaller than lobe of outer margin, apex obtuse, rarely acute; veins 5-7, reticulate veins present. Nutlet broadly ovoid or triangular-ovoid, 5-6 × 4.5-5.5 mm, villous at apex, 7-11-ribbed. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_margin margin: entire, location: basal
bract_lobe_shape shape: straight-oblong
shape: lanceolate
bract_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: acute
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: pilose
fruit_count low: 7, high: 11, venation: rib
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5, high: 7
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
shape: triangular-ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
peduncle_lobe_count low: 1, high: 3, leaf_margin: tooth, location: basal
peduncle_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 16.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus tsaiana Trees to 30 m tall; bark gray, dissected. Branchlets purplish red, glabrescent. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely villous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 7-14 × 4.5-6 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, densely glandular punctate, base cordate or obliquely cordate, margin irregularly and doubly minutely serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 14-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 10-14 cm; peduncle ca. 3 cm, glabrous; bracts broadly semiovate, 2.5-3 × 1.5-1.8 cm, sparsely villous, outer margin coarsely dentate-lobulate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely minutely serrate, with inflexed basal auricle, apex acute or acuminate; veins 5, reticulate veins obvious. Nutlet triangular-ovoid or broadly ovoid, 5-6 mm, densely pubescent, densely villous at apex, orange resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate-lobulate
margin: entire
margin: serrate
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: villose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: purple-red
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: orange
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: triangular-ovoid
shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus tschonoskii Trees to 25 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets brown, sparsely villous when young. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 × 2.5-5 cm, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, both surfaces villous when young, becoming sparsely villous along veins, glabrescent elsewhere, base subrounded or subrounded-cuneate, margin doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 14-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 6-10 × 3-4 cm; peduncle 1-4 cm, sparsely villous; bracts (2.5-)3-3.5(-5) × 0.8-1.2 cm, ovate-lanceolate or falcate-lanceolate, adaxially sparsely sericeous-villous along reticulate veins, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire, straight or falcate, with small, inflexed basal auricle, apex acute or acuminate; veins 4 or 5. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 4-5 × 3-4 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, sometimes resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: falcate-lanceolate
shape: straight
shape: falcate
shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_min: 2.5, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: sericeous
surface: villose
bract_venation venation: reticulate
venation: vein
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: villose
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus tsunyihensis Trees to 7 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets brown, densely villous when young. Petiole slender, 4-9 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 5-9 × 3.4-4 cm, abaxially densely villous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 15 or 16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 4.5-6 × 1-2 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm, subglabrous; bracts semiovate, 1.2-1.5 cm × 5-7 mm, glabrous or nearly so, apex acute, outer margin remotely dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire with small, inflexed basal auricle; veins 4 or 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: auricle, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular-cuneate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.4, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4, high: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus turczaninowii Trees 10-15 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets gray-brown, slender, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Petiole 4-10 mm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-rhombic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 × 1.3-4 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along veins, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous along midvein, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, rarely subcordate or cuneate, margin regularly or irregularly doubly serrate, rarely simply serrate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 3-6 cm; bracts semiovate, semioblong, or broadly semiovate, 6-20 × 4-10 mm, sparsely pubescent, outer margin irregularly incised-dentate, sometimes lobulate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire or remotely minutely dentate, with ovate, inflexed basal lobe 2-3 mm, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; veins 5, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, ca. 3 × 2 mm, glabrous except sparsely villous at apex, resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_margin margin: incised-dentate
margin: lobulate
margin: entire
margin: dentate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_lobe_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, location: basal
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-rhomboic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
surface: villose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 5
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus viminea Trees 10-20 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets brown, glabrous. Petiole (1-)1.5-3 cm, glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 6-11 × 3-5 cm, abaxially sparsely villous along midvein and lateral veins, sometimes bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base subcordate, rarely rounded-cuneate or subrounded, margin doubly mucronate serrate or setiform serrate, apex acuminate, acute, or caudate; lateral veins 12-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence 5-15 × 2.5-3 cm; peduncle slender, 1.5-4 cm, sparsely pubescent; bracts semiovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5(-3) cm, subglabrous, unequally 3-lobed, middle lobe semiovate-lanceolate or oblong, straight or subfalcate, outer margin coarsely dentate, with ovate, flattened basal lobe ca. 3 mm, inner margin entire, with ovate, inflexed basal lobe 3-3.5 mm, apex acute or obtuse; veins 4, reticulate veins prominent. Nutlet broadly ovoid, 3-4 × 2.5-3.5 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, sparsely resinous glandular, prominently ribbed. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 16.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
bract_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
bract_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: straight
shape: ovate
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
branch_color color: brown
branch_lobe_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_lobe_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: mm, location: basal
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: orbicular-cuneate
shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose, location: lateral
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_count low: 4
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: glandular
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_min: 1.0, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Carpinus viminea var. chiukiangensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Carpinus viminea var. viminea
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Corylus Shrubs or trees deciduous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, margin doubly serrate or lobulate. Male inflorescence pendulous, subsessile, cylindric, spicate-cymose, naked during winter, with numerous overlapping bracts; bracts each usually subtending 2 bracteoles and 1 male flower; stamens 2-8, inserted at middle part of bracts; anthers with 2 separate thecae, often pubescent at apex. Female inflorescence a compact cluster of several flowers; bracts campanulate or forming a tubular sheath, apex usually lobed; flowers paired, enclosed by a bract; calyx adnate to ovary, 4-8-lobed at apex; ovary with 1 or rarely 2 ovules in each cell; style 2-cleft to base. Fruit a subglobose or ovoid nut, enclosed or surrounded by enlarged bracts.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
anther_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bract_count_male low: 2, sex: male, location: subtending
bract_shape shape: campanulate
calyx_lobe_count low: 4, high: 8, subpart_as_loc: at apex
flower_count_male low: 1, sex: male, location: subtending
fruit_count low: 2, location: style
fruit_shape shape: subglobose
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: cylindric, sex: male
shape: spicate, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: lobulate
leaf_shape shape: petiolate
nut_shape shape: ovoid
ovary_count low: 1
low: 2
sheath_shape shape: tubular
stamen_count low: 2, high: 8
Betulaceae Corylus chinensis Trees to 40 m tall; bark gray-brown, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown, slender, sparsely villous, stipitate glandular, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, densely villous, stipitate glandular; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 8-18 × 6-12 cm, base obliquely cordate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex mucronate or shortly caudate, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, villous along veins, adaxially glabrous; lateral veins 7-11 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 4-6 in a cluster, cylindric, 1.5-2 cm; bracts rhombic-ovate, pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-6 in a cluster; bracts forming a tubular sheath, 2-6 cm, striate, pilose, stipitate glandular, much constricted above nut and deeply divided into linear lobes, usually forked at apex. Nut enclosed by bracts, ovoid-globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., glabrous.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_count low: 7, high: 11, location: lateral
bract_shape shape: rhomboic-ovate
shape: ovoid-spheric
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_size_male length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
bract_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: villose
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 6
inflorescence_count_male low: 4, high: 6, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: cylindric, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nut_lobe_shape shape: linear
nut_shape shape: stipitate glandular
petiole_shape shape: stipitate glandular
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: villose
sheath_shape shape: tubular
sheath_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
sheath_surface surface: pilose
sheath_venation venation: striate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 40.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Corylus fargesii Trees to 25 m tall; bark yellow-brown, fissured. Branchlets gray, slender, pubescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, obovate-oblong, or lanceolate, 6-9 × 3-5 cm, both surfaces sparsely pilose especially along midvein and lateral veins, base obliquely cordate or subrounded, margin coarsely and irregularly doubly serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 8-10 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 2-8 in a cluster, cylindric, 2-6 cm; bracts ovate-triangular, apex acute with a stipitate gland. Female flowers 2-4 in a cluster; bracts forming a tubular sheath, 2-5 cm, densely yellow tomentose, sparsely stipitate glandular when young, with faint veins, apex divided into triangular-lanceolate lobes usually not forked at apex. Nut enclosed by bracts, ovoid-globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., gray-white pubescent at apex. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: yellow-brown
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_color color: gray-white, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bract_count low: 8, high: 10, location: lateral
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
shape: ovoid-spheric
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
bract_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
branch_color color: gray
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 2, high: 4
inflorescence_count_male low: 2, high: 8, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: cylindric, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: lateral
surface: pilose, location: lateral
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
sheath_color color: yellow
sheath_lobe_shape shape: triangular-lanceolate
sheath_shape shape: tubular
shape: stipitate glandular
sheath_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
sheath_surface surface: tomentose
sheath_venation venation: vein
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Corylus ferox Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 30 cm d.b.h.; bark dark gray or gray, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown, pubescent, sometimes stipitate glandular, glabrescent, with scattered, minute lenticels. Petiole 1-3.5 cm, densely pilose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic, 5-15 × 3-9 cm, papery, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, pilose and sparsely glandular, adaxially sparsely pilose especially along impressed midvein when young, base very obliquely rounded or subcordate, margin sharply and doubly mucronate serrate, apex long acuminate to caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 8-14 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescence ca. 2 cm; bracts broadly ovate, tomentulose, apex acute to acuminate; anthers purple. Female flowers 4-6 in a cluster; bracts campanulate, densely pubescent, sometimes stipitate glandular, with laciniate segments forming branching, pungent spines. Nut ovoid-globose, subcompressed, 1-1.5 cm in diam., apex pubescent. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 22.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_color color: purple
bark_color color: gray
color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
bract_margin margin: pungent
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: campanulate
shape: stipitate glandular
shape: laciniate
bract_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: pubescent
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 4, high: 6
habit habit: branching
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 14, location: lateral
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: glandular
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: impressed
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nut_apex_surface surface: pubescent
nut_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
trunk_size dbh_high: 30.0, dbh_units: cm
Betulaceae Corylus ferox var. ferox
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Corylus ferox var. thibetica
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Corylus heterophylla Shrubs or small trees, to 7 m tall; bark gray. Branchlets pubescent and stipitate glandular, with white lenticels. Petiole slender, 1-2(-3) cm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, elliptic-obovate, broadly ovate, or obovate to suborbicular, 4-13 × 2.5-10 cm, papery, abaxially pilose along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, usually lobed, apex mucronate to caudate; lateral veins 3-7 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 2-5 in a cluster, pendulous, slender, ca. 4 cm; bracts reddish brown, obovate, densely pubescent, apex acuminate from nearly truncate, apical portion of leaf. Female flowers 2-6 in a cluster; bracts campanulate, 1.5-2.5 cm, striate, densely pubescent and stipitate glandular near base, with triangular-ovate, entire or dentate lobes. Nut ovoid-globose, ca. as long as bracts, 0.7-1.5 cm in diam., apex villous. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 22.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: truncate
bract_apex_surface surface: villose
bract_base_shape shape: stipitate glandular
bract_base_surface surface: pubescent
bract_color color: red-brown
bract_count low: 3, high: 7, location: lateral
bract_lobe_margin margin: entire
margin: dentate
bract_shape shape: obovate
shape: campanulate
shape: triangular-ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_venation venation: striate
branch_shape shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 2, high: 6
inflorescence_count_male low: 2, high: 5, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: slender, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Corylus heterophylla var. heterophylla
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Corylus heterophylla var. sutchuanensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Corylus mandshurica Shrubs to 6 m tall; bark gray-brown, fissured. Branchlets pubescent, villous, stipitate glandular, glabrescent. Petiole 1-3 cm, slender, pubescent, villous, stipitate glandular; leaf blade broadly ovate, oblong, or oblong-obovate, 6-12 × 4-9 cm, abaxially pilose especially along veins, adaxially pilose or glabrous, base cordate, margin irregularly and coarsely serrate, lobed above middle, apex mucronate-acuminate or caudate; lateral veins 9 or 10 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 2-4 in a cluster; peduncle short; bracts ovate-triangular, densely pubescent. Female flowers 2-4 in a cluster; bracts
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_shape shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
flower_count low: 2, high: 4
inflorescence_count_male low: 2, high: 4, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate-acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: oblong-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
peduncle_count low: 9, high: 10, location: lateral
petiole_shape shape: slender
shape: stipitate glandular
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
shrub_size height_high: 6.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Corylus wangii Trees small, to 7 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, pilose and stipitate glandular when young, soon glabrous, with scattered, white lenticels. Petiole 7-20 cm, slender, pilose and stipitate glandular; leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, rarely obovate-oblong, 5-10 × 2.5-7 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base subcordate or obliquely subcordate, margin sharply and doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 4-8 in a cluster; peduncle ca. 1 cm, villous; bracts campanulate, 3-3.5 cm, striate, yellow tomentose when young, glabrescent, densely stipitate glandular, apex deeply divided into linear lobes, lobes often reflexed, ca. 2 cm × 2 mm, forked and pinnately lobulate. Nut ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow
bract_lobe_shape shape: linear
bract_margin margin: lobulate
bract_shape shape: campanulate
shape: stipitate glandular
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: tomentose
bract_venation venation: striate
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
flower_count low: 4, high: 8
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_count low: 9, high: 13, location: lateral
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: villose
petiole_shape shape: slender
shape: stipitate glandular
petiole_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Corylus yunnanensis Shrubs or small trees to 7 m tall; trunk to 10 cm d.b.h.; bark dark gray, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown or brown, densely tawny tomentose, stipitate glandular, glabrescent, with scattered, white lenticels. Petiole 7-12(-22) mm, densely tomentose, sparsely stipitate glandular; leaf blade ovate-orbicular to broadly ovate or obovate, 4-12 × 3-9 cm, papery, abaxially stipitate glandular when young, densely tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent especially along veins, base cordate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex abruptly acuminate from suborbicular, apical portion of leaf; lateral veins 5-7 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 2 or 3 in a cluster, pendulous, cylindric, 2.5-3 cm; bracts ovate, densely gray tomentose. Female flowers 2 or 3 in a cluster; peduncle ca. 1 cm, tomentose; bracts campanulate, 1.3-2 cm, striate, densely yellow or gray tomentose, stipitate glandular, with triangular lobes. Nut ovoid-globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., densely tomentose. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_color color: gray
color: yellow
color: gray
bract_lobe_shape shape: triangular
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: campanulate
shape: stipitate glandular
bract_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
bract_size_male length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
bract_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
bract_venation venation: striate
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: brown
branch_shape shape: stipitate glandular
branch_surface surface: tomentose
flower_count low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence_count_male low: 2, high: 3, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: cylindric, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_count low: 5, high: 7, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: stipitate glandular
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
lenticel_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_shape shape: stipitate glandular
petiole_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_max: 22.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 7.0, height_units: m
trunk_size dbh_high: 10.0, dbh_units: cm
Betulaceae Ostrya Trees deciduous; bark scaly, rough. Buds ovoid, with many overlapping scales. Leaves irregularly and doubly serrate, sometimes lobulate. Male inflorescence pendulous, clustered at apex of branchlets, slender, naked during winter; bracts overlapping, each subtending 1 flower; perianth absent; stamens 3-14; filaments 2-cleft at apex, inserted at base of bracts; anthers each with 2 separate locules, pubescent at apex. Female inflorescence terminal, racemose; flowers paired; bracts overlapping, saccate, inflated, membranous, with reticulate veins and rigid hairs at base, usually lobed at apex; calyx adnate to ovary. Nutlet narrowly oblong, narrowly ovoid, ovoid-ellipsoid, or obovoid, ribbed, completely enclosed in bracts.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
anther_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
bract_hair_venation venation: reticulate, subpart_as_loc: at base
venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at base
bract_shape shape: saccate
bract_surface surface: membranous
bract_venation venation: rib
branch_shape_male shape: slender, sex: male
bud_shape shape: ovoid
filament_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at apex
flower_count low: 1, location: subtending
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
margin: lobulate
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
perianth_count low: 0
stamen_count low: 3, high: 14
Betulaceae Ostrya japonica Trees to 20 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets gray-brown, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-12 × 1.5-5.5 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, glabrescent, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially pilose especially along midvein, base subrounded, cordate, obliquely cordate, or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, 5-10 mm apart. Female inflorescence racemose, 1.5-2.5 cm; peduncle 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent; bracts overlapping, saccate, obovate-oblong or elliptic, 1-2 cm × 6-12 mm, membranous, glabrescent, base without a stipe, setose, apex apiculate; veins reticulate. Nutlet light brown, narrowly ovoid, 6-7 mm, shiny, glabrous, ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: saccate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: elliptic
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: cordate
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
stipe_apex_shape shape: apiculate
stipe_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
stipe_surface surface: membranous
surface: setose
stipe_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Ostrya multinervis Trees to 25 m tall; bark dark gray-brown, fissured. Branchlets purplish brown, sparsely appressed pilose. Petiole 4-7 mm, densely appressed pilose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4.5-12 × 2.5-4.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely pubescent, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely piose or glabrous except densely pubescent along midvein, base subcordate, subrounded, or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and sharply setiform serrate, apex caudate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 18-25 on each side of midvein, 3-4 mm apart. Female inflorescence erect, racemose, 3-6 cm; peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm, sparsely appressed pilose; bracts narrowly elliptic, saccate, 1-1.5 cm × 5-6 mm, membranous, sparsely appressed pilose, base rounded, setose, apex acute; veins reticulate. Nutlet light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-7 × 2-3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_base_shape shape: orbicular
bract_shape shape: elliptic
shape: saccate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: membranous
surface: pilose
surface: setose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: pilose
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 18, high: 25, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: subcordate
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nutlet_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pilose
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Ostrya rehderiana Trees to 15 m tall; bark gray, rough. Branchlets brown-gray, slender, sericeous-pubescent when young, becoming glabrous and intensely purplish. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-oblong or narrowly oblong, 3-10 × 1.8-4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent and hirtellous, densely pubescent along midvein, adaxially glabrous except pubescent along midvein, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin irregularly and doubly sharply serrate, sometimes setiform serrate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, 4-7 mm apart. Female inflorescence loosely racemose, 2-3 cm; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent, bracts obovate-elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, saccate, 2-2.6 cm × 6-8 mm, membranous, minutely pubescent along veins and reticulate veins, base constricted into a stipe, setose, apex rounded, apiculate. Nutlet red-brown, narrowly oblong, 7-10 × 2.5-3 mm, shiny, glabrous, obscurely ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-lanceolate
shape: saccate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: membranous
branch_color color: brown-gray
color: purple
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: sericeous
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 16, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
margin_follower margin_follower: constricted
nutlet_color color: red-brown
nutlet_shape shape: oblong
nutlet_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
stipe_apex_shape shape: orbicular
stipe_shape shape: apiculate
stipe_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
stipe_surface surface: pubescent
surface: setose
stipe_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
venation: vein
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Ostrya trichocarpa Trees to 18 m tall; bark gray-brown. Branchlets purplish brown, densely yellow pilose when young. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely brown-yellow pilose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5-10.5 × 2.5-5 cm, abaxially gray-green, densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pilose or glabrous, base subobliquely cordate, margin irregularly and doubly setiform serrate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 14-20 on each side of midvein, ca. 5 mm apart. Female inflorescence densely racemose, 4.5-8 × 2-3 cm; peduncle densely yellow-brown pilose; bracts elliptic, saccate, 1.5-2.4 × 1-1.5 cm, membranous, sparsely pubescent, base rounded, setose, apex acute; veins reticulate. Nutlet light brown, obovoid, 5.5-9 × 2.5-3.5 mm, densely pubescent, obscurely ribbed; persistent perianth more than 1.5-5 mm as long as nutlet, densely pubescent, toothed at apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_base_shape shape: orbicular
bract_shape shape: elliptic
shape: saccate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: membranous
surface: pubescent
surface: setose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: yellow
branch_surface surface: pilose
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 20, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_color color: gray-green
leaf_margin margin: setiform-serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pilose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_margin margin: toothed, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_shape shape: obovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 5.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow-brown
peduncle_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pilose
perianth_duration duration: persistent
petiole_color color: brown-yellow
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Ostrya yunnanensis Trees to 20 m tall; bark dark gray. Branchlets purplish brown, striate, densely pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 5-10 mm, densely yellow tomentose; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 × 2-2.5 cm, abaxially densely yellow tomentose, bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially sparsely pilose, base cuneate, rarely subrounded, margin doubly mucronate serrate, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 18-20 on each side of midvein, 4-5 mm apart. Female inflorescence erect, densely racemose, 4-6 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm, densely yellow tomentose; bracts ovate-elliptic, saccate, 1.5-2 cm × 7-9 mm, membranous, appressed pilose, base rounded, setose, apex acute, mucronate; veins reticulate. Nutlet light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 6-7 × ca. 3 mm, glabrous except villous at apex, ribbed. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_base_shape shape: orbicular
bract_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: saccate
shape: mucronate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: mm
bract_surface surface: membranous
surface: pilose
surface: setose
bract_venation venation: vein
venation: reticulate
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
branch_venation venation: striate
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 18, high: 20, location: lateral
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: mucronate-serrate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: villose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: yellow
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Betulaceae Ostryopsis Shrubs deciduous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, usually irregularly and doubly serrate or incised. Male inflorescence enclosed by buds during winter, subsessile, terminal or lateral, spicate-cymose, cylindric; bracts numerous, overlapping; each bract subtending 1 male flower; bracteoles absent; stamens 4-8, inserted at base of bracts; anthers with 2 connate thecae, without hairs at apex. Female inflorescence terminal or axillary, racemose-capitulate; bracts forming a tubular sheath, leathery, lobed at apex; flowers paired, enclosed by bracts. Nutlet ovoid-globose, with prominent ribs, completely enclosed by bracts.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
bract_count low: 0
bract_count_male low: 1, sex: male, location: subtending
bract_venation venation: rib
bud_shape_male shape: spicate, sex: male
shape: cylindric, sex: male
inflorescence_shape shape: capitulate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: petiolate
shape: incised
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
sheath_shape shape: tubular
stamen_count low: 4, high: 8
Betulaceae Ostryopsis davidiana Shrubs to 3 m tall. Branches gray, glabrous; branchlets brown, striate, densely pubescent. Petiole 3-12 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate or elliptic-ovate, rarely broadly ovate or broadly obovate, 2-6.5 × 1.5-5 cm, subleathery, abaxially bearded in axils of lateral veins, densely white pubescent, with yellow or brown resinous glands, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base cordate, obliquely cordate, or subrounded, margin doubly serrate and usually incised above middle, apex acuminate or acute; lateral veins 7-9 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescence 1; bracts pubescent. Female inflorescence terminal, racemose-capitulate; peduncle to 2.5 cm, slender, densely pubescent, sparsely hirsute; bracts forming a tubular sheath, 1-1.5 cm, leathery, densely pubescent, striate, lobed at apex. Nutlet brown, ovoid or subglobose, 4-6 × 4-5 mm, shiny, sparsely pubescent, ribbed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 9, location: lateral
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
branch_venation venation: striate
inflorescence_count_male low: 1, sex: male
inflorescence_shape shape: capitulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_gland_color color: yellow
color: brown
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate, location: above
leaf_margin_shape shape: incised
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
nutlet_color color: brown
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_shape shape: slender
peduncle_size length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
surface: hirsute
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
sheath_shape shape: tubular
sheath_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
sheath_surface surface: pubescent
sheath_venation venation: striate
shrub_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Betulaceae Ostryopsis intermedia
Trait Label Trait Data
Betulaceae Ostryopsis nobilis Shrubs to 5 m tall. Branches gray, glabrous; branchlets brown, densely gray tomentose. Petiole 2-5 mm, densely tomentose; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, rarely ovate, subleathery, abaxially densely yellow-brown tomentose, adaxially densely pubescent when young, glabrescent, base cordate or obliquely cordate, margin irregularly and doubly serrate, apex obtuse or rounded; lateral veins 5-9 on each side of midvein, raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially. Male inflorescences 1 or 2; bracts densely yellow-brown tomentose. Female inflorescence terminal, racemose-capitulate; peduncle 3-5 mm, densely yellow-brown tomentose; bracts forming a tubular sheath, ca. 1 cm, leathery, densely yellow-brown tomentose, striate, 2-lobed at apex, dehiscent on 1 side when mature. Nutlet ovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm, sparsely pubescent, ribbed. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_count low: 5, high: 9, location: lateral
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: gray
color: brown
color: gray
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
dehiscent_lobe_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at apex
dehiscent_venation venation: striate
inflorescence_count_male low: 1, high: 2, sex: male
inflorescence_shape shape: capitulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: doubly serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, location: lateral
venation: midrib, location: lateral
venation: impressed
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_venation venation: rib
peduncle_color color: yellow-brown
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
sheath_color color: yellow-brown
sheath_shape shape: tubular
sheath_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
sheath_surface surface: tomentose
shrub_size height_high: 5.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Casuarinaceae Casuarina Trees. Leaves (5 or)6-17 per whorl. Infructescence ("cone") bracteoles never greatly thickened, without an abaxial protuberance. Samara body pale yellow-brown or grayish, dull, glabrous.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_count min: 5, low: 6, high: 17
samara_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
samara_surface surface: glabrous
Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana Trees dioecious, to 25(-35) m tall, often with suckers from roots. Trunk straight, to ca. 40 cm d.b.h.; crown pyramidal; bark finely fissured and scaly, gray, adaxially pale red. Ultimate branchlets spreading to slightly pendulous, dark green, grayish green, or glaucous-green when dry, 15-38 cm × 0.5-0.7 mm; articles 4-5 mm. Leaves erect, 8(-10) per whorl, narrowly lanceolate. Male spikes 1.2-2(-4) cm. Cones ellipsoid or subglobose, 7-12 mm, truncate at both ends; apex of bracteoles acute. Samaras 3-5 mm including wing. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray
color: red
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: green
color: gray-green
color: glaucous-green
branch_shape shape: pendulous
branch_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 38.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 0.7, width_units: mm
fruit_wing_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_article_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_count low: 8, max: 10
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
spikes_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: truncate
spikes_size_male length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
tree_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_max: 35.0, height_units: m
trunk_shape shape: straight
trunk_size dbh_high: 40.0, dbh_units: cm, uncertain: True
Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Trees monoecious, to 35 m tall, not suckering from roots. Trunk straight, to 70 cm d.b.h.; crown conical; bark scaly, adaxially red-brown on old trees. Ultimate branchlets usually pendu-
Trait Label Trait Data
tree_color color: red-brown
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
tree_size height_high: 35.0, height_units: m
trunk_shape shape: straight
trunk_size dbh_high: 70.0, dbh_units: cm
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Trees dioecious, to 20 m tall. Trunk to 35 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish brown or grayish black, finely fissured and scaly, pale yellow adaxially. Ultimate branchlets ascending to pendulous, grayish green or glaucous green, rather long, to 1 m, 0.9-1.4 mm in diam.; articles 1-1.8 cm, slightly swollen at apex. Leaves erect but those of new shoots strongly recurved, 12-17 per whorl, narrowly lanceolate. Male inflorescences 1-3 cm. Cones broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.2-2 cm, truncate at both ends; apex of bracteoles broadly acute to obtuse. Samaras 4-6 mm including wing. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-black
color: yellow
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
branch_color color: gray-green
color: glaucous-green
branch_shape shape: pendulous
branch_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: m, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.4, width_units: mm
fruit_wing_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
habit habit: ascending
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 17
inflorescence_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: truncate
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_article_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: recurved
shape: lanceolate
tree_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
trunk_size dbh_high: 35.0, dbh_units: cm
Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Trees or shrubs evergreen, monoecious or dioecious. Ultimate branchlets jointed, with several short, basal articles and 1-numerous elongated articles, slender, ridged, often pubescent at least when young. Leaves small, toothlike, in whorls of 4 to ca. 20 (equal to number of ridges on branchlets); stipules absent. Inflorescences spikelike or headlike, with alternating whorls of toothlike bracts; within each bract a single flower, with 2 lateral scalelike bracteoles, persistent (rarely deciduous in male Allocasuarina); parts sometimes pubescent when young, mostly glabrous at maturity. Flowers unisexual, without pedicels. Male inflorescences spikes, terminal or lateral, terete, slender. Female inflorescences headlike, globose or ellipsoid, usually terminal on short, lateral branches. Male flowers: tepals 1 or 2, scalelike, deciduous, hooded; stamen 1; anthers 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, basifixed. Female flowers: perianth none; carpels 2, fused; only anterior carpel fertile, posterior carpel usually ± reduced or obsolete; ovules 2 (rarely 4), parietal, paired at base of carpel, chalazogamous; style short; stigmas 2, red, linear. Infructescences ± woody, conelike, with dense whorls of fruit, with 2 bracteoles of each flower enlarged as valves, persistent. Samaras flat, (usually) winged at apex, initially enclosed by 2 bracteoles, which separate at maturity to release samara. Seed 1; cotyledons large; endosperm absent; embryo straight, often more than 1.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
bract_count low: 2
bract_count_male low: 2, sex: male, location: lateral
bract_duration_male duration: persistent, sex: male
bract_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
bract_valve_count low: 2
branch_article_count low: 1, location: basal
branch_count low: 20
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
carpel_count low: 2
low: 4
carpel_shape shape: fused
cotyledon_endosperm_count low: 0
cotyledon_shape shape: straight
flower_count_male low: 1, sex: male
flower_duration duration: persistent
inflorescence_shape shape: spikelike
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
infructescence_shape shape: conelike
infructescence_woodiness woodiness: woody
leaf_count low: 4
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration_male leaf_duration: deciduous, sex: male
missing missing_part: without pedicel
ovary_count low: 2
samara_count low: 1
seed_count low: 1
shrub_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
reproduction: dioecious
spikes_shape_male shape: terete, sex: male
shape: slender, sex: male
stamen_count low: 1
stigma_color color: red
stigma_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: linear
stipule_count low: 0
tepal_count low: 1, high: 2
Fagaceae Castanea Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous. Bark furrowed. Axillary buds of most apical leaves in false-terminal buds, usually enclosed by 2 outer scales, imbricate within. Leaves spirally arranged but twisted and appearing 2-ranked; secondary veins ± parallel. Male inflorescences erect catkins; flowers in clusters of 1-3(-5) with each cluster subtended by a bract; perianth 6-parted; stamens 10-12(-20); rudimentary pistil pubescent. Female flowers borne on proximal part of androgynous inflorescences, rarely on a separate inflorescence, usually 3 and subtended by 1 symmetric cupule; ovary 6-9-loculed; styles 6-9; stigmas terminal, minutely punctiform. Cupules splitting into 2-4 valves; bracts spinelike. Nuts 1-3 per cupule. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_valve_count low: 2, high: 4
bud_scales_count low: 2
flower_count low: 1, high: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster, location: subtended
inflorescence_count low: 3, location: subtended
low: 1, location: subtended
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, location: proximal
inflorescence_shape shape: symmetric
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
leaf_shape shape: twisted
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
ovary_count low: 6, high: 9
perianth_count low: 6
pistil_surface surface: pubescent
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
stamen_count low: 10, high: 12, max: 20
stigma_count low: 6, high: 9
Fagaceae Castanea crenata Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. Petiole 0.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8-19 cm, abaxially tomentose and covered with yellowish brown to yellowish gray scalelike glands, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or rarely subcordate, margin finely serrate, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins ending on teeth and often reduced to long bristlelike points. Male inflorescences 7-20 cm. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule 5-6 cm in diam., covered with spinelike bracts 1-1.5 cm. Nuts 2 or 3 or rarely more per cupule, 2-3 cm in diam., apex sparsely covered with appressed pubescence. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
flower_count low: 3
flower_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 7.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf_gland_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm
leaf_tooth_venation venation: vein
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
shrub_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanea henryi Trees to 30 m tall. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10-23 cm, abaxially covered with yellowish brown scalelike glands and sparsely pilose along veins when young, glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate but narrowly cuneate when young, margin with bristlelike teeth 2-4 mm, apex long acuminate. Male inflorescences 5-16 cm. Female flowers 1(-3) per cupule. Cupules on a short spike, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam. including bracts, covered with slightly pubescent spinelike bracts. Nut 1 per cupule, globose-ovoid, 1.5-2 cm, longer than wide. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 1, max: 3
flower_tooth_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_gland_surface surface: pilose
leaf_gland_venation venation: vein
leaf_shape shape: oblong-ovate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: cm
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: spheric-ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
spike_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanea mollissima Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets with short pubescence, often also with long spreading hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 10-17 cm or rarely shorter, at least along veins abaxially tomentose to softly pubescent, adaxially scalelike glands sometimes absent, base rounded to truncate, margin coarsely serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Male inflorescences 10-20 cm. Cupule densely covered with pubescent spinelike bracts. Nuts usually 2 or 3 per cupule, 2-3 cm in diam. or rarely narrower. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_gland_count low: 0
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-oblong
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanea seguinii Trees or shrubs small, rarely to 12 m tall. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 0.7-1.5 cm, deciduous in fruit. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblong, 6-14 cm, abaxially covered with yellowish brown or grayish, scalelike glands and sparsely hairy along veins when young, base rounded to sometimes subcordate but cuneate when young, margin coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Male inflorescences 5-12 cm. Female flowers solitary or few per cupule. Cupule 3-5 cm in diam., covered with sparsely pilose spinelike bracts 6-10 mm. Nuts 2 or 3 or rarely more per cupule, 1.5-2 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pilose
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_gland_surface surface: hairy
leaf_gland_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-obovate
shape: elliptic-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
shrub_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
solitary_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
stipule_shape shape: lanceolate
stipule_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Castanopsis Trees evergreen. Winter buds ovoid to ellipsoid, with decussate scales. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves alternate, distichous, or for a few species spirally arranged. Inflorescences usually unisexual, erect, spicate or paniculate. Male flowers in fascicles of 3-7, rarely solitary and scattered; perianth 5- or 6(-8)-lobed; stamens (8 or)9-12; rudimentary pistil very small, densely covered with curved woolly hairs. Female flowers solitary or in clusters of 3-5(-7) per cupule; staminodes when present opposite perianth lobes; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas punctiform or shallow terminal pores. Cupules solitary on rachis, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, rarely indehiscent, completely or partially enclosing nut; bracts sparsely to densely covering outside of cupule, spinelike or rarely scalelike or tubercles (cupule measurement always includes bracts). Nuts 1-3 per cupule, maturing after 2nd year or rarely in 1st year; abortive ovule apical. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons slightly convex, rarely cerebriform rugose.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
cotyledon_shape shape: convex
fascicles_count_male low: 3, high: 7, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_unisexual shape: spicate, sex: unisexual
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
missing_part: rarely indehiscent
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
ovary_count low: 3
low: 1
perianth_count min: 2, low: 3
perianth_lobe_count low: 5, high: 6, max: 8
pistil_hair_shape shape: curved
rachis_shape shape: radially symmetric
shape: bilaterally symmetric
solitary_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7, count_group: cluster
stamen_count min: 8, low: 9, high: 12
stigma_count low: 4
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis amabilis Trees ca. 20 m tall; branches and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 7-12 × 2-3.5 cm, firmly papery, abaxially with tight layers of yellowish brown scalelike trichomes when young, often grayish with age, base broadly cuneate and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire or with 1-3 shallow teeth, apex caudate; midvein adaxially shallowly impressed or occasionally flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 26 cm. Infructescence rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 2.2-2.8 cm in diam., outside grayish pubescent or with yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, dispersed or subannular. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 7-10 mm in diam. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 13
inflorescence_size length_low: 26.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_tooth_count low: 1, high: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
rachis_trichome_color color: gray
rachis_trichome_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis argyrophylla Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Shoots blackish brown when dry. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or sometimes obovate, 10-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially often grayish, adaxially yellow-green when dry, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 10-25 cm; rachis covered with pale grayish brown, feltlike, short hairs, glabrescent. Cupule globose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., puberulent when young, outside glabrescent, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, arranged in discontinuous rings or spirals, 2-6 mm, free or base slightly connate. Nut 1(-3) per cupule, subglobose, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., densely puberulent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_leaf_color color: black-brown
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 13
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray
color: yellow-green
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1, max: 3
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: gray-brown
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis boisii Trees ca. 25 m tall; branchlets, petiole of young leaves, and mature leaf blades abaxially pubescent and with usually glabrescent yellowish brown to reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, or narrowly oblong, 9-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, base rounded to shortly cuneate and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire or rarely from middle to apex shallowly undulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed or sometimes slightly raised or flat from base to middle; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein. Infructescence 27 cm; rachis from base to middle 2-3.5 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., outside and bracts pubescent and with usually glabrescent yellowish brown to reddish brown small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 0.5-1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 8-10 mm, greatly variable in thickness, base connate into scattered bundles. Nut 1(or 2) per cupule, broadly ovoid, 1.2-1.4 × 0.9-1.2 cm, puberulent; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 13, high: 17
infructescence_size length_low: 27.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1, max: 2
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm, subpart_as_loc: from base
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis calathiformis Trees 5-10(-20) m tall. First-year branchlets black, dark black-brown, or dusky when dry, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, very variable in size, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, covered with brown-red slightly adnate small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes when young, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Female inflorescences usually borne more toward apex of branches and if axillary then solitary, 8-16 cm. Infructescences 10-20 cm. Cupules yellowish brown to dark grayish brown when dry, cupular, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 cm thick; bracts scalelike, triangular, annular or sometimes imbricate when young, thickened with age, adnate, arranged in 4-7 rib rings, waxy. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm × 3-6 mm, apically brown-red tomentose; scar basal, 3-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_venation venation: rib
branch_color color: black
color: black-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 20, high: 28
infructescence_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray-brown
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf_margin margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: from base
margin: crenate, subpart_as_loc: from base
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: brown-red
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown-red
nut_count low: 4, high: 7
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
solitary_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 10.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis carlesii Trees ca. 20 m tall; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences sparsely covered with reddish brown, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole to ca. 1 cm, base becoming thick, pillow-shaped; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 4-12 × 1-4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with layers of reddish brown to yellowish brown, slightly adnate, small, lamellate scalelike trichomes when young but grayish brown to silvery with age, base slightly cuneate to broadly so and oblique, margin entire or with a few shallow teeth, apex acuminate to narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed but impressed when dry; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins glabrous or glabrescent. Infructescence rachis 2-3 mm thick, glabrous. Cupule subglobose to ovoid, 1-1.5 cm, outside yellowish brown to reddish brown feltlike pubescent and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 0.5(-1) mm thick; bracts spinelike or reduced to tubercles. Nut subglobose to broadly conical, apex shortly pointed; scar basal, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_max: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
catkin_surface_male surface: glabrous, sex: male
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_color color: red-brown
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray-brown
color: silver
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: subglobose
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_count low: 8, high: 13
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
rachis_trichome_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis carlesii var. carlesii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis ceratacantha Trees 8-15 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown to brownish villous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or sometimes oblanceolate, 10-18 × 2-5 cm or rarely shorter or wider, papery, 1st-year leaf blades at least along veins abaxially villous and with layers of reddish brown to yellowish brown scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to acute and oblique, margin apically with 2-5 shallow teeth or entire, apex long acuminate to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed to raised. Female inflorescences in clusters on apical part of branchlet of previous year; flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose, ca. 3 cm in diam., outside and bracts brown villous and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, to 5 mm, several connate into bundles from middle or apical part, sometimes cristate. Nuts 1 or 2(or 3) per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.4-1.8 cm, pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. autumn to early winter of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: brown
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: villose
branch_rachis_count low: 1
branch_tooth_count low: 2, high: 5
flower_count low: 2, high: 3
flower_shape shape: subglobose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 17
inflorescence_surface surface: villose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
leaf_trichome_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_trichome_count low: 1
leaf_trichome_surface surface: villose
leaf_trichome_venation venation: vein
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_count low: 1, high: 2, max: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis cerebrina Trees; young branchlets and leaf blades reddish brown, densely puberulent with simple and stellate hairs and covered with slightly loose, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branchlets red-purple, prominently angular. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Rachis of female inflorescences sparsely puberulent and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes. Cupule cupular, 1.8-2.2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, base stipitate, stipe 5-8 mm, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts mound-shaped, arranged in disconnected rings, sparsely puberulent, covered with waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut narrowly conical, 2-2.5 × 1.4-2.2 cm, tomentulose, apex sometimes 3-angled; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: red-purple
branch_leaf_color color: red-brown
branch_leaf_hair_count low: 1
branch_leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
branch_leaf_hair_surface surface: puberulent
branch_shape shape: angular
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf_margin margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: from base
margin: crenate, subpart_as_loc: from base
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_count low: 3
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentulose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 20, high: 28
stipe_shape shape: cupular
stipe_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis chinensis Trees 10-20 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to rarely ovate, 7-18 × 2-5 cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, concolorous, base rounded to acute, margin at least from middle to apex serrate, apex caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences borne on apical part of 1st-year branchlets; flowers 1 per cupule. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule globose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., usually splitting into 3-5 segments, outside densely grayish brown puberulent when young but glabrescent, inside densely brown villous, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, almost entirely covering outside cupule, 6-12 mm, connate into bundles from base to nearly middle. Nut conical, 1.2-1.6 × 1-1.3 cm, glabrous or rarely puberulent from middle to apex; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
branch_count low: 1, location: apical
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
flower_count low: 1
flower_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
infructescence_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: puberulent
surface: villose
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: to apex
surface: puberulent, subpart_as_loc: to apex
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis choboensis Trees. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 8-15 × 3-5 cm or rarely larger, thickly papery, base acute to cuneate and often oblique, margin serrate-dentate, apex mucronate to caudate; midvein slightly impressed; secondary veins 16-20 on each side of midvein, adaxially shallowly furrowed and impressed or slightly raised. Inflorescence rachis sparsely and shortly hairy. Infructescences 8-18 cm. Cupule wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, free or base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 20
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: serrate-dentate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: hairy
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Castanopsis chunii Trees 10-15 m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Young shoots dark purplish brown, angulate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 8-18 × 4-9 cm, thickly leathery, base rounded and oblique, margin entire or rarely with 1-3 shallow teeth apically, apex caudate and bent; midvein adaxially impressed to flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences sometimes androgynous, ca. 20 cm. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose and with 1 or 2 nuts or broadly ellipsoid and with 3 nuts, 3-4 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-7 mm, yellowish brown pubescent, basally connate into bundles, often a few bundles connected to cristate rings. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.7-2 cm, densely brown pubescent; scar covering ca. 2/5 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 3
flower_shape shape: subglobose
flower_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_color color: purple-brown
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_shape shape: angulate
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_count low: 1, high: 3
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
low: 3
low: 1, high: 3
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis clarkei Trees; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences densely puberulent. Winter bud scales velutinous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-20 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, base acute and inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex mucronate; midvein abaxially conspicuously raised, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 14-20. Female inflorescences ca. 20 cm. Infructescence rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3.5-4(-5) cm in diam., wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, 3- or 4-angled in cross section, free or base connate into bundles, nearly glabrous. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.4-1.6 cm, apex cuspidate; scar basal. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 20
inflorescence_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: cuspidate
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis concinna Trees; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown to reddish brown puberulent and with early glabrescent, very thick, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole ca. 4-12 mm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-orbicular, or sometimes oblanceolate, 5-10 × 1.5-3.5(-5) cm, leathery, brittle, margin and midvein pilose when young, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and usually symmetric but sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin entire or apically sparsely serrulate, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially prominently impressed; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm. Infructescences 4-8 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule globose, 5-6 cm in diam., splitting into 4 regular segments, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-2 cm, puberulent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, ca. 1 × 1.4 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 but no more than 1/2 of nut. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
inflorescence_color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrulate
leaf_margin_surface surface: pilose
leaf_margin_venation venation: midrib
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-orbicular
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_max: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis crassifolia Trees ca. 15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Branchlets brownish black when dry, covered with a thin grayish waxy layer. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, (6-)12-18 × (4-)8-11 cm, leathery, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex mucronate and oblique; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins glabrous. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule ca. 3.5 cm in diam., outside pubescent, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, densely covering cupules, 6-8 mm, transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings. Nuts 3 per cupule, broadly ovoid, ca. 1.2 × 1.2-1.4 cm, pubescent; scar basal, round to slightly elliptic, 5-7 mm in diam. to 5-7 × 7-10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: brown-black
color: gray
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
catkin_surface_male surface: glabrous, sex: male
fruit_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: oblique
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 4.0, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 3
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
rachis_count low: 8, high: 12
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis damingshanensis Trees 5-9 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 3-6 mm; leaf blade ovate to broadly elliptic, 5-8 × 2.5-4 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially sparsely covered with a thin layer of small, yellowish, lamellate scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and subconvolute, apex obtuse, rounded, or mucronate; midvein adaxially flat but slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein. Infructescences few fruited, glabrous; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule broadly ovoid, 2-2.5 cm in diam., outside and bracts puberulent and with scalelike trichomes, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, basal bracts with a few connected to cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., brownish pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 10
infructescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: mucronate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: ovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis delavayi Trees ca. 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, ovate, or elliptic, 5-13 × 3-7 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely covered with yellowish brown membranous trichomes when young, grayish to silver-gray with age, base acute to rounded, margin serrate or rarely undulate, apex acute to rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, slightly raised. Female inflorescence rachis glabrous. Infructescences 10-15 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid when young but broadly ovoid to subglobose with age, 1.5-2 cm in diam. or slightly larger, splitting into 2 or 3 segments, outside with yellowish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes and adnate pubescence, basally long stalked, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free or connate at base and transversely united to 3-5 circular or spiral rings, covered with yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes and adnate pubescence. Nut broadly ovoid, 1.3-1.4 cm in diam.; scar basal, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 5, subpart_as_loc: connate at base
bract_shape shape: orbicular
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 9
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray
color: silver-gray
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_trichome_surface surface: membranous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: yellow-brown
rachis_count low: 2, high: 3
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: stalked
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis densispinosa Trees ca. 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, densely lenticellate; lenticels small, grayish. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 13-18 × 3.5-6 cm, green on both surfaces, glabrous, margin coarsely dentate but entire on leaves borne apically on branchlet; midvein abaxially raised and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences to 18 cm. Cupule 2-3 cm in diam., splitting into 3 segments, inside densely grayish villous, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, densely covering outside of cupule, ca. 1 cm, free but basal bracts in bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ovoid, 1-1.4 × ca. 1 cm, sparsely brownish puberulent, apex obscurely 4- or 5-ridged. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_count low: 10, high: 13
branch_surface surface: glabrous
branch_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
fruit_apex_count low: 4, high: 5
infructescence_color color: gray
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: villose
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: dentate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
surface: glabrous
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis echinocarpa Trees 7-15(-25) m tall. Branches glabrous; branchlets dark brown to brownish black when dry. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, (5.5-)7-12.5(-14.5) × (1.5-)2.5-5(-6) cm, thickly papery, abaxially covered with a very tight layer of scalelike trichomes and reddish brown to yellowish brown when young but grayish brown with age, base rounded to sometimes acute, margin serrate to rarely subentire, apex acuminate to abruptly narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed to rarely nearly flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous or glabrescent. Infructescence rachis base 2-3.5 mm thick. Cupule globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., rarely splitting, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, thick, 1-3 mm, sometimes no more than tubercles, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, pale grayish brown pubescent, sometimes base loosely connected to discontinuous rings. Nut 1 per cupule, subglobose to conical, 1-1.3 cm in diam., glabrous, apex acute; scar basal, 8-9 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_shape shape: angular
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
color: brown-black
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 5.5, length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.5, length_max: 14.5, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray-brown
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
rachis_count low: 9, high: 13
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 15.0, height_max: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis eyrei Trees 8-20 m tall; branches glabrous. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 5-13 × 1.5-5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown to dark reddish brown when dry and with brownish to silver-gray, membranous scalelike trichomes, base slightly decurrent on petiole and inaequilateral or sometimes symmetric, margin entire or with few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex long acuminate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Infructescence rachis 2-5 mm thick, glabrous or glabrescent. Cupule broadly ovoid to subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., splitting into 2-4 segments, outside and bracts grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, apically acute to obtuse, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, usually entirely covering outside of cupule, more densely toward apex but if cupule subglobose then basally glabrous and spines sparser, 4-10 mm but apical ones shorter. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: subglobose
bract_apex_surface surface: glabrous, location: basal
bract_color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
bract_count low: 2, high: 4
bract_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 11
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: red-brown
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, location: apical
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: symmetric
petiole_color color: brown
color: silver-gray
petiole_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_trichome_surface surface: membranous
petiole_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
rachis_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis fabri Trees 8-20 m tall. Young shoots sparsely pubescent. Petiole rarely to 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate, 8-18 × 2.5-5 cm, leathery, base oblique and rounded to rarely cuneate, margin serrate or rarely entire, apex acuminate and rarely mucronate; midvein adaxially conspicuously impressed; secondary vein 9-15 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins sparsely pubescent. Female flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Infructescences 8-17 cm. Cupule globose, broadly ellipsoid, or ovoid, 2-4 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 5-10 mm, brown to yellowish brown when dry, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, base connate into bundles, apex branched. Nut (1 or)2(or 3) per cupule, conical, 1-1.4 × 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: branched
bract_color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
catkin_surface_male surface: pubescent, sex: male
flower_count low: 2, high: 3
flower_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
fruit_count low: 3
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count min: 1, low: 2
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 9, high: 15
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
tree_surface surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Castanopsis fargesii Trees 10-30 m tall; bud scales, young branchlets from middle to apex, petiole of young leaf blades, and leaf blades abaxially covered with glabrescent, rust-colored, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate, or rarely ovate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, abaxially covered with a thick and mealy layer of scalelike trichomes, reddish brown to yellowish brown when young, but tawny with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes inaequilateral, margin entire or sometimes with few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex acute to acuminate; midvein at least from middle to apex adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences solitary, glabrous, to 30 cm; cupules scattered on rachis. Infructescence rachis 1.5-3 mm thick. Cupule globose to broadly ovoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, outside and bracts whitish gray to brownish puberulent or with reddish brown waxy scalelike trichomes and sparse pubescence, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 8-10 mm, connate and in bundles basally or rarely from base to middle. Nut 1 per cupule, conical and 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.2 cm to subglobose and 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun and Aug-Oct, fr. Apr-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: white-gray
color: brown
color: red-brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 15
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
solitary_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
solitary_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis ferox Trees 10-20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or rarely ovate, 8-16 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with a grayish tight layer of scalelike trichomes, rarely concolorous, base broadly cuneate to cuneate, inaequilateral or symmetric, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially slightly raised or from middle to apex flat to slightly impressed; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences tomentulose. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm. Perianth puberulent. Infructescence rachis glabrous. Cupule globose to rarely broadly ovoid, 2-2.8 cm in diam., outside and bracts brown to grayish brown pubescent and with waxy scalelike trichomes, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, base connate into bundles or united to discontinuous rings. Nut subglobose, 0.8-1.2 × 0.9-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex pointed; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: brown
color: gray-brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: pubescent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentulose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: symmetric
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
perianth_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 9, high: 14
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis fissa Trees; bud scales, shoot apexes, and young leaf blades abaxially yellowish brown puberulent and covered with rust-colored, small, lamellate, slightly adnate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branchlets red-purple, prominently angular. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, very variable in sizes, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein raised adaxially; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Infructescence 8-18 cm; rachis glabrous. Cupule 1-1.5 cm in diameter, irregularly 2- or 3(or 4)-valved with valves often curled, covered with dark reddish brown mealy waxy scalelike trichomes, apex slightly cuspidate, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts scalelike, triangular to squarish, imbricate when young but mostly united and in ring ribs with age. Nut globose to elliptic, 1.3-1.8 × 1.1-1.6 cm, apically brown-red tomentose; scar basal, 4-7 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
bract_venation venation: rib
branch_color color: red-purple
branch_shape shape: angular
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 20, high: 28
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf_margin margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: from base
margin: crenate, subpart_as_loc: from base
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown-red
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: elliptic
nut_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_apex_shape shape: cuspidate
rachis_size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_trichome_color color: red-brown
rachis_valve_count low: 2, high: 3, max: 4
Fagaceae Castanopsis fleuryi Trees to 10 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, 9-20 × 3-7 cm, subleathery, abaxially with tight layers of trichomes, 1st-year leaf blades concolorous, base cuneate to rounded and sometimes oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised from base to middle and slightly impressed from middle to apex; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick, yellowish gray pubescent. Cupule ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, 7-11 mm in diam., outside sparsely covered with spinelike bracts and yellowish gray to grayish brown pubescence and waxy scalelike trichomes, basally shortly stalked, apically narrowly pointed, wall to 0.5 mm thick; bracts 1-3 mm, in rows, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, free or a few connected at base to continuous or discontinuous rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 8-12 × 7-10 mm, glabrescent when mature; scar basal, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul or Oct-Nov, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_shape shape: stalked
shape: angular
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-gray
color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 10
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: yellow-gray
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis fordii Trees; bud scales, young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with brown to reddish brown, slightly rough long tomentum. Petiole 1-3(-5) mm, usually tapering toward apex; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate-oblong, 9-18 × 3-7 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown when young but grayish brown to grayish with age, base cordate, shallowly auriculate, or rarely rounded, margin entire and revolute, apex acute, mucronate, or rarely rounded; midvein adaxially prominently impressed; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein or fewer. Infructescences dense, 6-12 cm. Cupule 5-6 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) regular segments, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-2 cm, pubescent, base connate into many bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 14, high: 18
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_color color: brown
color: red-brown
infructescence_count low: 4, max: 5
infructescence_shape shape: radially symmetric
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: gray-brown
color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_leaf_folding leaf_folding: revolute
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate-oblong
shape: auriculate
shape: orbicular
shape: mucronate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_apex_shape shape: tapering
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis glabrifolia
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis globigemmata Trees. Branchlet black-brown when dry, densely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 8-10 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 10-15 × 3.5-5 cm, nearly leathery, pilose and with tight brown, waxy scalelike trichomes, abaxially when young and on both sides along midvein, base broadly cuneate to acute and inaequilateral, margin entire or with 1-3 shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex long acuminate to caudate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences sparsely puberulent and with brown, stellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Infructescences 5-7 cm; cupules clustered from middle to apex of rachis. Cupule globose, 6-7 cm in diam., splitting into 4 regular segments when mature, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 2-3.5 cm in diam., densely pubescent; scar basal. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch_color color: black-brown
inflorescence_color color: brown
inflorescence_shape shape: stellate
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
inflorescence_tooth_count low: 1, high: 3, subpart_as_loc: to apex
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_count low: 9, high: 12
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
rachis_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis hainanensis Trees; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades abaxially, rachis of inflorescences, and perianth covered with reddish brown, dusky, or grayish brown, very short, felted puberulence. Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or broadly ovate, 5-12(-17) × 2.5-5(-6) cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, abaxially often grayish with age, base acute to broadly cuneate, margin serrate except basally entire, apex rounded to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed but often slightly raised on sprouted branch leaves; secondary veins 10-15(-18) on each side of midvein. Infructescences 10-17 cm; rachis 5-6 mm thick. Cupule 4-5 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, to 1.5 cm, basally connate. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.6-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar exceeding base of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_count low: 10, high: 15, max: 18
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_max: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
perianth_color color: red-brown
color: gray-brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis hairocarpa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis hsiensiui
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis hupehensis Trees 10-20 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and bud scales glabrous. Petiole 3-7(-10) mm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, sometimes obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 6-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially brownish when young and dry but grayish with age and with tight layers of scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and often slightly oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex or entire, apex acuminate to abruptly narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous, without waxy scalelike trichomes. Infructescence rachis 1.5-3 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid to subglobose when mature, 2-2.2 cm in diam., outside grayish to yellowish brown puberulent, basally often shortly stalked, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-6 mm, few of them connate into bundles, others transversely united to 4 or 5 cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, glabrescent; scar basal, 9-12 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jun-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, high: 5
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_bud_scales_count low: 1
branch_bud_scales_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: brown
color: gray
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_color color: gray
color: yellow-brown
rachis_count low: 10, high: 13
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: stalked
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis hystrix Trees. Young shoots purple-brown, slender, sparsely to densely puberulent and with yellowish brown small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole ca. 1 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade lanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 4-9 × 1.5-4 cm or rarely smaller or larger, papery to thinly leathery, pubescent when young but early glabrescent, at least adaxially along midvein with very lax and thick or tight and thin, reddish brown to yellowish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, base sharply acute to rounded and inaequilateral, apex mucronate to caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Female inflorescence solitary in leaf axil. Infructescence ca. 15 cm. Cupule globose, 2.5-4 cm in diam., splitting into 4 segments, wall ca. 2.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, completely covering cupule, 6-10 mm, sparsely puberulent, base of some connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.3 cm, glabrous; scar basal. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4
bract_size thickness_low: 2.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 15
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
solitary_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: thinly
tree_color color: purple-brown
tree_shape shape: slender
tree_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
tree_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
Fagaceae Castanopsis indica Trees; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown puberulent. Petiole 5-10(-15) mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 9-20 × (4-)6-10 cm, thickly papery, abaxially puberulent or glabrescent, base cuneate to rounded and usually inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-25 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 40 cm. Infructescences dense, 10-27 cm. Cupule globose, 3.5-4 cm in diam., usually splitting into 4 segments when mature, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, to 1.5 cm, straight or bent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1(or 2) per cupule, broadly conical, 1-1.4 cm in diam., densely hairy; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4
bract_shape shape: straight
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_color color: yellow-brown
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 25
inflorescence_size length_low: 40.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 27.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 4.0, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1, max: 2
nut_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis jianfenglingensis Trees ca. 20 m tall; branchlets and young leaf blades abaxially covered with simple or stellate hairs. Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm, very short when young; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or rarely broadly ovate, 12-24 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base broadly cuneate and often slightly inaequilateral, margin entire or rarely subcrenate from middle to apex, apex caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed or rarely flat to slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 5-15 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free but usually some in bundles. Nut ellipsoid, 1.2-2 cm, densely rust-colored pubescent; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 12, high: 14
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis jucunda Trees 10-26 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and leaf blades adaxially brownish black when dry; bud scales, branchlets, petiole of young leaf, mature leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences sparsely covered with glabrescent, reddish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, (4-)10-18 × (2-)4-8 cm, base rounded to broadly cuneate and inaequilateral or symmetric, margin at least from middle to apex serrate or rarely undulate, apex acute to acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins (5-)8-11 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary, solitary. Infructescences 10-15 cm. Cupule subglobose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., splitting into 3-5 segments, outside and bracts pubescent and with grayish brown, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes especially when young, wall 0.5-1(-1.5) mm thick; bracts spinelike, 6-10 mm, free but a few in bundles, sometimes transversely united to discontinuous rings. Nut broadly conical to ovoid, 1-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous or glabrescent; scar basal, 1-1.2(-1.5) cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_count low: 3, high: 5
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_max: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_leaf_color color: brown-black
branch_leaf_count low: 1
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_max: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_color color: red-brown
inflorescence_count min: 5, low: 8, high: 11
infructescence_shape shape: subglobose
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_min: 4.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 2.0, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
solitary_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 26.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis kawakamii Trees. Branches glabrous; young shoots dark reddish brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels dark gray. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 6-12 × 2-5 cm, dark reddish brown when young and remaining so abaxially, leathery with age, base broadly cuneate to rounded and inaequilateral, margin entire or rarely 1-3-toothed near apex, apex caudate; midvein adaxially slightly raised from base to middle but flat to slightly impressed from middle to apex; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, conspicuous. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm; rachis glabrous. Cupule globose, 6-8 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) segments when mature, inside densely dusky tomentulose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, connected to radial branched bundles in middle part of cupule or slightly basally, 2-3 cm, sparsely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate, 1.2-1.5 × 1.7-2 cm, densely orangish brown puberulent; scar covering ca. 1/3(-1/2) of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: branched
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_count low: 1, high: 3, leaf_margin: tooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_color color: orange-brown
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 4, max: 5
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentulose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis kweichowensis Trees ca. 20 m tall; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely yellowish brown pilose. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, thick; leaf blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 16-30 × 5-9 cm, firmly papery, base rounded to broadly cuneate and symmetric or oblique, margin apically serrate, apex abruptly acute; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-25 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 10-25 cm; flowers 3 per cupule. Infructescence rachis 7-12 mm thick. Cupule irregularly globose, 3-3.5 cm in diam., outside pubescent, basally narrowed, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, basal bracts often transversely connected to ring but apically in bundles, 5-8 mm, pubescent. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.6-2 × 1.6-2.2 cm, tomentose; scar basal, 1-1.5 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 3
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_color color: yellow-brown
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 25
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: pilose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 16.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 12.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis lamontii Trees 8-15(-25) m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 12-30 × 4-10 cm, thickly papery to subleathery, base rounded to acute and oblique, margin entire or sometimes apically with few shallow teeth, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary, borne above male catkins; flowers 3(-7) per cupule. Infructescences 10-20 cm; rachis thick, base 6-10 mm thick. Cupule globose, subglobose, or ovoid, 2.5-6 cm in diam., wall 1.5-7 mm thick; bracts spinelike, thick, ca. 1.5 cm, connate into bundles with a deer-hornlike pattern, or base connate and united to 4-6-cristate rings. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, (1.5-)2-2.8 (-4.8) × (1.5-)3(-3.8) cm, densely pubescent; scar covering 2/5-1/2 of nut. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_base_count low: 4, high: 6
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
flower_count low: 3, max: 7
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_min: 1.5, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.8, length_max: 4.8, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 3.0, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
rachis_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_max: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis ledongensis Trees ca. 18 m tall; young shoots and rachis of male inflorescences pubescent, with reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, glabrescent. Branchlets dull brown to brownish black. Petiole ca. 1 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade oblong to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 5-9 × 2-3.5 cm, when young abaxially covered with slightly tight layers of reddish brown, small, lamellate scalelike trichomes and with sparsely but soon glabrescent pilose hairs along midvein, base acute and sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin somewhat crenate, apex mucronate to shortly caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Infructescence ca. 16 cm; rachis 1.5-2 mm thick, glabrous. Cupule subglobose, to ca. 2 cm in diam., splitting into 2 segments, basally abruptly narrowed and slightly decurrent to shortly stalked, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-5 mm or rarely longer, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, base wide and sometimes several transversely united in a cockscomblike pattern, puberulent and with brownish scalelike trichomes. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.2 cm in diam., apex sparsely puberulent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_shape shape: angular
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: brown
color: brown-black
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_color_male color: red-brown, sex: male
inflorescence_surface_male surface: pubescent, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 9, high: 12
infructescence_size length_low: 16.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_hair_surface surface: pilose
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: crenate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_surface surface: puberulent
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_count low: 2
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
shape: stalked
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 18.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis longispina Trees. Young shoots purple-brown, slightly angulate, tufted puberulent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 14-24 × 5-8 cm, 1st-year leaf blades papery and abaxially covered with very small stellate cespitose hairs along midvein, base acute to rounded, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed. Infructescence rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, almost completely covering cupule, 1.3-1.5 cm, stiff, free or a few in bundles, puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 2-3 × ca. 1 cm, glabrescent; scar ca. 8 mm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
habit habit: cespitose
infructescence_count low: 12, high: 16
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_color color: purple-brown
tree_shape shape: angulate
tree_surface surface: puberulent
Fagaceae Castanopsis longzhouica Trees; branchlets, leaf blades, and infructescences glabrous. Young shoots grayish, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish, slightly raised. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or sometimes obovate, 8-10 cm, firmly papery, slightly brittle, concolorous, abaxially with a thin layer of closely adherent grayish waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate, margin from middle to apex dentate to crenate, apex acute and slightly pointed; midvein abaxially prominently raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; flowers few, solitary along rachis. Infructescences almost as long as rachis, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 mm, covering base or no more than basal 1/4 of nut; bracts imbricate, adnate, broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, gray puberulent, margin slightly membranous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; scar basal, ca. 4 mm in diam. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_margin_surface surface: membranous
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_color color: gray
infructescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
leaf_margin margin: dentate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: crenate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: gray
color: gray
lenticel_shape shape: cupular
lenticel_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Castanopsis megaphylla Trees; bud scales, young shoots, and rachis of inflorescences grayish brown puberulent with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. First-year branchlets thick, black-brown when dry, lenticellate; lenticels yellowish brown. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, sometimes obovate-elliptic, 26-45 × 8-18 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially midvein and secondary veins stellate puberulent and with small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes when young, surface with a thick tight layer of lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes with age, buff when dry, base cuneate to rounded and often oblique, margin entire, apex obtuse to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-20 or more on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 28 cm; rachis densely tawny to dusky puberulent. Infructescence rachis 6-8 mm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., outside sparsely puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes, basally blackish brown, wall ca. 3 mm thick near base and ca. 1 mm thick near apex; bracts of young cupules spinelike, congested, yellowish brown when dry. Nut subglobose, 1 per cupule, ca. 1 cm in diam., pubescent when young. Fl. May-Jul, fr. following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_base_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_color color: yellow-brown
branch_color color: black-brown
inflorescence_color color: gray-brown
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 20
inflorescence_size length_low: 28.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 26.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 18.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_shape shape: stellate
leaf_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
surface: surface
leaf_trichome_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: yellow-brown
nut_base_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: black-brown, location: basal
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
rachis_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis mekongensis Trees; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely pubescent. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, broadly elliptic, or sometimes ovate, 15-25 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery to leathery, abaxially grayish, adaxially dark black-brown when young, grayish brown to yellowish gray when dry, puberulent on midvein, base rounded to acute and symmetric or inaequilateral, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially usually impressed; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Infructescence ca. 10 cm or rarely longer. Cupule globose, 5-6 cm in diam., wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate, 1.3-1.6 × 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_surface surface: pubescent
infructescence_count low: 12, high: 16
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: symmetric
leaf_color color: gray
color: black-brown
color: gray-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Castanopsis nigrescens Trees usually 8-15 m tall. First-year branchlets dull blackish brown, often sparsely and thinly grayish pruinose. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or rarely lanceolate, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, leathery, abaxially covered with yellowish brown, tightly adnate layers of waxy scalelike trichomes when young, but layers becoming grayish, sparser and thinner with age, adaxially blackish brown to brownish black when dry, base rounded and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate to mucronate; midvein at least from middle to apex adaxially slightly impressed or rarely flat; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, abaxially slightly raised. Rachis of inflorescences grayish puberulent, glabrescent. Infructescences 5-15 cm; rachis 5-7 mm thick, with cupules crowded from middle to apex. Cupule subglobose, 4-4.5 cm in diam., outside grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, inside brown long tomentose, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, very dense, 1-1.6 cm, grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, free or connate at base or to apical 1/2 and in bundles, usually united to cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid, ca. 2.5 cm, densely pubescent, apex acute; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: black-brown
color: gray-pruinose
inflorescence_color color: gray
inflorescence_surface surface: puberulent
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
color: black-brown
color: brown-black
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: acute
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
color: brown
rachis_count low: 10, high: 13
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis oblonga Trees 8-10 m tall. First-year branchlets blackish brown when dry. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-9 × 2-3.5 cm, thickly papery, brittle when dry, puberulent along midvein and abaxially reddish brown and with a tight layer of scalelike trichomes when young, brownish gray with age, base broadly cuneate to acute and symmetric, margin somewhat crenate to dentate or entire, apex acuminate, caudate, or obtuse; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed but usually slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick. Cupule broadly obovoid, ca. 3 cm in diam., dark grayish brown when mature and dry, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior ± visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-7 mm, free and evenly scattered or connate at base into short rings, basally gray puberulent, apically yellowish brown and glabrous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.8 cm in diam., puberulent; scar basal, 0.8-1.4 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
color: gray, location: basal
color: yellow-brown
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: puberulent, location: basal
surface: glabrous
branch_color color: black-brown
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 14
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
shape: symmetric
leaf_color color: brown-gray
leaf_margin margin: crenate
margin: dentate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: caudate
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: red-brown
leaf_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_trichome_venation venation: midrib
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: obovoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis oleifera
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis orthacantha Trees 10-15(-20) m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2.5-5 cm, leathery, base rounded to acute and oblique or symmetric, margin serrulate or entire, apex acute and bent; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Infructescences ca. 15 cm. Cupule subglobose, sometimes broadly ovoid when young, 3-3.5 cm in diam., splitting into 4 segments, outside and bracts pubescent and with brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 2-3.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, ca. 7 mm, basally conate and transversely united to 4-6-cristate rings or basally connate into bundles. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam., densely pubescent; scar basal. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: brown
bract_count low: 4
low: 4, high: 6, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
flower_count low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 9, high: 13
infructescence_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
infructescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: oblique
shape: symmetric
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis ouonbiensis Trees ca. 25 m tall; 1st-year branchlets, petioles, and rachis of infructescences yellowish brown to dark dirty brown tomentulose. Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-18 × 4-6 cm, subleathery, abaxially puberulent and with early glabrescent, reddish brown, mealy, waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to rounded and often inaequilateral, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 10-20 cm. Infructescences 10-16 cm; rachis slender. Cupule subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., outside and bracts rusty brow puberulent and with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-2 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, in separated bundles, usually connate at middle or apically, rarely connate basally. Nut conical, 1.4-1.8 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 1-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Oct-Nov, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_count low: 1
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: tomentulose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: slender
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis platyacantha Trees circa 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or obovate elliptic, 10-18 × 3-6 cm, covered with early glabrescent, reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, yellowish gray to silver-gray with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and oblique, margin serrate or entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein flat or adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 1-3 per cupule. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 3-4 cm in diam., irregularly splitting into 2-4 segments, outside grayish brown pubescent; bracts spinelike, circa 3 mm, basally connate into bundles, sometimes united to cristate rings, grayish brown pubescent. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-2 × 1.4-2 cm, wall 1.5-2 mm thick, densely brown pubescent; scar covering circa 1/3 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_count low: 2, high: 4
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
flower_count low: 1, high: 3
flower_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_color color: gray-brown
infructescence_count low: 9, high: 13
infructescence_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-gray
color: silver-gray
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis qingbeiensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis remotidenticulata Trees ca. 25 m tall. Branches glabrous; 1st-year branchlets purplish brown. Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 3-4 cm, firmly papery, abaxially covered with tight grayish waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to rounded and often slightly oblique, margin sparsely serrate, apex acuminate to sometimes caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially with small ribs; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 7-10 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3-3.5 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free but a few in bundles and transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, flat-conical, 1.8-2.4 cm, puberulent; scar basal, 1.8-2.4 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_count low: 1
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 13
infructescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: rib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis rockii Trees 20-27 m tall. Branches glabrous; young shoots dark purplish red, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong, narrowly elliptic, or sometimes oblanceolate, 15-25 × 4-7 cm, papery, abaxially with a tight and thin layer of scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and oblique, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences ca. 20 cm; rachis sparsely puberulent. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Infructescence rachis glabrous, 5-8 mm thick, fruit loosely arranged. Cupule subglobose to broadly elliptic, 4-5 cm in diam., outside glabrescent, dark brown when dry, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, base connate into bundles. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., densely hairy; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch_color color: purple-red
color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
flower_count low: 3
fruit_color color: brown
fruit_shape shape: subglobose
shape: elliptic
fruit_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 17
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_high: 27.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis rufotomentosa Trees 18-25 m tall; 1st-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially covered with early glabrescent, dark reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 2-8 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to oblong, 10-20 × 2-4 cm, leathery, base acute to rounded, margin entire or rarely with a few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex narrow and obtuse; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis covered with mealy, waxy scalelike trichomes. Cupule globose, 1.2-2.2 cm in diam., outside and bracts covered with early glabrescent, dark reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free or several with base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate-globose to subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, apex pointed; scar basal, ca. 9 mm in diam. Fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: red-brown
bract_shape shape: spheric
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_count low: 1
fruit_size length_low: 9.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 14, high: 18
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 18.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis sclerophylla Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Young shoots reddish brown, slightly angulate. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 7-15 cm, leathery, adaxially silver-gray with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and usually inaequilateral, margin from middle to apex serrulate or rarely entire, apex acuminate, cuspidate, or shortly caudate; midvein slightly impressed from base to middle and slightly raised from middle to apex; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, prominent to very slender, evident. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Female inflorescence ca. 15 cm. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule globose to subglobose, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., completely or almost completely enclosing nut, irregularly valved, outside yellowish brown puberulent, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts scalelike, 3- or 4-angled, sometimes only base connate, in annular umbones. Nut 1(-3) per cupule, subglobose, 1-1.4 cm in diam., tomentulose, apex mucronulate; scar basal, 7-9 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_leaf_color color: red-brown
branch_leaf_shape shape: angulate
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: silver-gray
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuspidate
shape: caudate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: mucronulate
nut_color color: yellow-brown
nut_count low: 1, max: 3
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: tomentulose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 10, high: 15
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Castanopsis subuliformis Trees ca. 25 m tall. First-year branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 7-14 × 3-5 cm, firmly papery, abaxially covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown, small, lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes but soon glabrescent, base rounded to very acute and sometimes slightly inaequilateral, margin from middle to apex with shallow teeth or rarely entire, apex acute to caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences ca. 11 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick, glabrous. Cupules blackish brown, globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, scattered, conical, 2-5 cm, yellowish gray pubescent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, base wide. Nut 1 per cupule, slightly flat-conical, ca. 1.2 × 1.5 cm, densely brown pilose; scar basal, ca. 1.3 cm in diam. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-gray
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 11, high: 14
infructescence_size length_low: 11.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pilose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_color color: black-brown
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Castanopsis tcheponensis Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, yellow-green when dry; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous or very shortly and sparsely mealy puberulent. Female inflorescences 10-25 cm. Cupules shortly stalked when young, subglobose when mature, ca. 3 cm in diam., blackish brown when dry, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, almost entirely covering cupule, 7-12 mm, slender, free or a few in bundles, glabrous, without scalelike trichomes, basally blackish brown when dry, apically yellowish brown. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-1.8 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous or subglabrous; scar covering more than 3/4 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: black-brown, location: basal
color: yellow-brown
bract_shape shape: slender
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_color color: black-brown
inflorescence_shape shape: stalked
shape: subglobose
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
leaf_color color: yellow-green
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_count low: 9, high: 13
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Castanopsis tessellata Trees 10-15 m tall; bud scales, young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely brown pilose. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade oblong, sometimes lanceolate, 15-30 × 5-8 cm, base acute to broadly cuneate and symmetric to sometimes oblique, margin entire, apex long acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised and puberulent; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed. Male flowers spirally arranged on rachis. Female inflorescences crowded from middle to apex of branchlets; flowers 3 per cupule, often with staminodes. Infructescences 10-30 cm. Cupule subglobose, 5-6 cm in diam., base narrowing into a stalk 3-5 mm, wall 1-1.5 mm thick, outside except basally densely covered with spinelike bracts, inside densely yellowish brown pilose, spinelike bracts basally in bundles, yellowish brown pilose. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.5-2 cm, pilose; scar basal, 1-1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-brown
bract_surface surface: pilose
surface: pilose
flower_count low: 16, high: 22
low: 3
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_color color: brown
inflorescence_surface surface: pilose
infructescence_shape shape: subglobose
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_count low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pilose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
stalk_base_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
stalk_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
stamen_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis tibetana Trees. Young shoots black to black-brown when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, oblong, or obovate-elliptic, 15-30 × 5-10(-13) cm, leathery, dark purple-brown when young, abaxially thinly covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes, base rounded to shortly cuneate and symmetric or sometimes inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex acuminate, mucronate, or caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 5-25 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule globose, 6-8 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) regular segments, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1.5-2.5 cm, subglabrous to sparsely puberulent, base usually connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, 1.5-1.8 × 2-2.8 cm, hairy; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, max: 5
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 18
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf_color color: purple-brown
color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_max: 13.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_color color: black
color: black-brown
tree_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Castanopsis tonkinensis Trees 10-20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 6-13 × 1.5-4 cm, membranous, abaxially greenish and sparsely covered with reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, glabrous at maturity, adaxially deep green, base narrowly cuneate, decurrent on petiole, and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire, apex caudate to sometimes shortly acute; midvein adaxially somewhat impressed and villous but glabrescent; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm. Cupule broadly ellipsoid, ovoid, or rarely subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., dark brownish black when dry, outside glabrescent, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, rarely entirely covering cupule, 6-10 mm, glabrescent. Nut 1 per cupule, narrowly conical to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., densely brown pilose; scar basal, 8-9 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_color color: brown-black
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 13
inflorescence_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
inflorescence_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_color color: green
color: red-brown
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: membranous
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pilose
petiole_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: green
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: villose
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis tribuloides Trees 5-10 m tall; young branchlets and young leaf blades abaxially pubescent and with glabrescent, rusty brown, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, 9-16 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially reddish brown but may become gray to grayish brown with age, base acute to rounded, margin entire or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth, apex acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein, sometimes impressed. Infructescences ca. 25 cm; rachis slender. Cupules loosely arranged, globose to ellipsoid, 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., outside covered with brownish, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, sometimes pubescent, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, sparsely covering cupule, 3-5 mm, slender, free but a few in bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-2 × 1-1.6 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: slender
bract_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 11, high: 14
infructescence_size length_low: 25.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: brown
color: red-brown
color: gray
color: gray-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_count low: 1, high: 2
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: brown
rachis_shape shape: slender
shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
rachis_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis uraiana Trees. Young shoots often sparsely puberulent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes or glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves distichous; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or sometimes obovate, 7-13 × 2-3 cm, papery, abaxially covered with brown to reddish brown, tight, waxy scalelike trichomes when young but grayish brown to nearly concolorous with age, base attenuate and inaequilateral, margin apically sparsely serrate or entire, apex slightly pointed, acute, or caudate and often bent to 1 side; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed or from middle to apex slightly raised; secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, sparsely gray lenticellate. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 × 7-12 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts reduced to scales, triangular to ovate, adnate, imbricate, dusky puberulent. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 0.7-1.5 cm; scar basal, 5-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: ovate
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 12
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
leaf_color color: brown
color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray-brown
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: to apex
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: gray
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
tree_surface surface: puberulent
tree_trichome_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Castanopsis wattii Trees 15-20 m tall. Young shoots purplish brown, sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, or glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, (7-)11-20 × 3-5 cm, firmly papery, base broadly cuneate to acute and oblique, margin apically with 2-5 shallow teeth, apex long acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-19 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm; rachis glabrous. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose when mature, ca. 3 cm in diam., outside and bracts yellowish gray villous and with red to brownish small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 5-8 mm, several basally or apically connate into bundles. Nuts (1 or)2 or 3 per cupule, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm, hairy; scar basal, triangular to lenticular, 7-10 mm in diam. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-gray
color: red
color: brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: villose
flower_count low: 3
flower_shape shape: subglobose
fruit_shape shape: triangular
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 19
inflorescence_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_min: 7.0, length_low: 11.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_count low: 2, high: 5
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count min: 1, low: 2, high: 3
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
tree_color color: purple-brown
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
tree_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Castanopsis wenchangensis Trees 5-8 m tall; branches, bud scales, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, (3-)5-9(-12) × (1.2-)2-3.5(-6) cm, leathery, abaxially with thin greenish layers of adnate scalelike trichomes when young, concolorous with age, base rounded to acute, margin with shallow to deep teeth, apex acuminate to rarely acute; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially raised to rarely slightly impressed; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially raised. Female inflorescences 3-8 cm. Infructescences 4-5 cm, with 1-6 fruit; rachis 1-1.5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, irregularly splitting into 3 or 4 segments, outside sparsely pubescent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, basally without bracts, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, scattered, free or a few in bundles, 2-4 mm. Nut subglobose, 1.3-1.4 cm in diam., puberulent; scar basal, 1-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
fruit_count low: 1, high: 6
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: green
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: impressed, subpart_as_loc: from base
venation: vein
venation: midrib
missing missing_part: without bract
nut_count low: 3, high: 4
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Castanopsis wuzhishangensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Castanopsis xichouensis Trees ca. 15 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or rarely obovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 3.5-6 cm, firmly leathery, abaxially reddish brown, sparsely covered with adnate, black-brown, rounded, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, grayish and waxy with age, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex acute; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences dense, 10-30 cm; rachis 6-10 mm thick. Cupule 4-4.5 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering outside of cupule, connate at base or to middle 1/2 into 3-7-spined bundles. Nuts (2 or)3 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., densely brown puberulent; scar 6-10 mm in diam. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 7, subpart_as_loc: connate at base
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 13
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: black-brown
color: gray
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_count min: 2, low: 3
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen. Trunk bark usually smooth, rarely deeply splitting. Winter buds ovoid-globose, ovoid-conical, or rarely ovoid-ellipsoid; scales many, imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves spirally arranged. Male inflorescences pendulous; flowers loosely arranged or clustered on rachis; perianth usually 5- or 6-lobed; stamens as many as perianth lobes, sometimes less, filament slender; pistil rudimentary. Female inflorescences with a solitary flower or spiciform; cupules with 1 flower; perianth 5- or 6-lobed; staminodes sometimes present, small; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas capitate or dilated. Cupules solitary; bracts scalelike, whorled, connate, in rings or spirally fused. Nut usually 1 per cupule; abortive ovule persisting in subapical, lateral, or basal part of seed. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_shape shape: fused
bud_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
filament_shape shape: slender
flower_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
nut_count low: 1
ovary_count low: 3
perianth_lobe_count low: 5, high: 6
low: 5, high: 6
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_count min: 2, low: 3
stigma_count low: 4
stigma_shape shape: capitate
shape: dilated
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis albicaulis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets whitish, glabrous, cylindric when young, minutely sulcate and with papillate lenticels with age. Petiole 2-3.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10-15(-18) × 3-6(-8) cm, subleathery, pruinose brown pubescent, glabrescent, base rounded to cuneate, decurrent along veins, and oblique, margin entire or shallowly crenate, apex long acuminate to caudate but sometimes shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-3 cm. Infructescence rachis whitish, glabrous. Cupule bowl-shaped, 2-3 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown puberulent; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin entire or middle ones crenulate. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 2-3 cm, glabrous; scar rounded; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fl. Oct, fr. Nov-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: crenulate
branch_color color: white
branch_shape shape: cylindric
shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 8
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: pruinose-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: crenate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblique
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_max: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_color color: white
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis annulata Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, sulcate and convex lenticellate, cylindric and dark gray by 2nd year. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 9-13 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially whitish and veins grayish brown (whitish on tertiary veins) with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially smooth, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin awnlike serrate to sharply serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, often fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Infructescences solitary, subapical on branchlet, 1-2 cm, 3-5-fruited. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm, outside thinly grayish brown pubescent, inside grayish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin entire. Nut ovoid, 1.2-1.5 × 1.1-1.4 cm, loosely incanous; stigmas 3 or 4, often separated; scar 6-7 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, often basally 4-ringed. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 9
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: gray
color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
branch_count low: 3, high: 5
branch_hair_count low: 1
branch_shape shape: sulcate
shape: convex
shape: cylindric
shape: saucerlike
branch_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: sericeous
fruit_count low: 4, location: basal
habit habit: prostrate
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 14
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 2
leaf_hair_color color: white
color: gray-brown
color: white
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: smooth
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
stigma_count low: 3, high: 4
stigma_duration duration: persistent
stigma_shape shape: convex
stigma_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis argyrotricha Trees. Branchlets yellowish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to obovate-elliptic, 6.5-12 × 2-4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish gray and with stellate velutinous hairs, adaxially bright green, base rounded and oblique, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex acuminate, mucronate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins obscure on both surfaces. Infructescences less than 1 cm, 1-fruited. Cupule cupular, 5-7 mm × 1-1.7 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside golden tomentose, inside yellowish brown sericeous, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7(-9) rings. Nut broadly ovoid, 0.8-1.5 cm, golden tomentose, apex rounded; stylopodium persistent, 3-lobed.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 1
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_count low: 9, high: 14
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-gray
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: mucronate
leaf_size length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: golden
color: yellow-brown
color: golden
nut_count low: 7, max: 9
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_lobe_count low: 3
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis augustinii Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, with orangish brown scalelike glands when young, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12 × 1-4 cm, abaxially slightly farinose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and usually oblique, margin slightly recurved and usually serrate in juvenile tree but entire or apically conspicuously serrate in mature tree, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous, usually not fusing; tertiary veins obscure to very slender, evident. Female inflorescences solitary in axil of new shoots, 3-4 cm; cupules 5-10. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1 × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside glabrous or puberulent, inside grayish brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire to crenulate, basal ones somewhat spreading, apical ones connate or adherent to cupule wall. Nut ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 1-1.7 × 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex rounded to somewhat depressed; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: crenulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_gland_color color: orange-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
solitary_count low: 5, high: 10
solitary_shape shape: cupular
solitary_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
tree_apex_shape shape: acuminate
tree_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
tree_count low: 10, high: 15
tree_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
margin: serrate
tree_margin_shape shape: recurved
tree_shape shape: slender
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
tree_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis augustinii var. nigrinux
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets brownish, with stellate hairs, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, oblong. Petiole 1-2 cm, with stellate hairs, glabrescent; leaf blade green, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 10-17(-20) × 3-5 cm, thinly leathery, pubescent when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin beyond basal 1/3 remotely minutely serrate, apex shortly acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly raised; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule cupular, 1.3-1.5 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing all but nut apex, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 2 cm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, 1.1-1.4 × 1.3-1.8 cm, angular, yellowish brown tomentose, apex rounded; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., as large as nut base, flat; stylopodium persistent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 10
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: yellow-brown
nut_count low: 12, high: 17
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: cupular
shape: angular
nut_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis austroglauca Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets, glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, oblong to rounded. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 10-14 × 3.5-4.5 cm, abaxially whitish and with prostrate simple hairs or glabrous, base cuneate to slightly oblique, margin with awnlike and incurved serrations apically, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences 4-5 cm, with 2 or 3 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale grayish brown tomentose, walls ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 rings, margin of apical 1 or 2 entire, others dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, 2-2.2 cm, apex conically acuminate; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, pale grayish brown tomentose, with 4 or 5 glabrous rings.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7
bract_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 2, high: 3
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
habit habit: prostrate
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 12
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_margin_shape shape: incurved
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
nut_apex_shape shape: acuminate
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
nut_count low: 4, high: 5
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 1, high: 2, location: apical
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
petiole_shape shape: sulcate
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis bella Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets subangular, pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 8-15 × 2-3.5 cm, subleathery, adnate pubescent when young, glabrescent and grayish green with age, base cuneate and slightly oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat; secondary veins ca. 12 on each side of midvein and abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules usually 2 or 3. Cupule discoid, ca. 5 mm × 2.5-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside pale grayish brown puberulent and glabrescent, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin irregularly denticulate. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × 2.2-3 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium persistent, to 3 mm. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence_shape shape: disk
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: gray-green
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_count low: 12
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis blakei Trees to 35 m tall. Branchlets glabrous; 2nd-year branchlets densely lenticellate. Petiole slender, 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly ovate-elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 7-19 × 1.5-2 cm, subleathery, reddish tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apical 2/3 serrate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein and abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 1 or 2. Cupules saucer-shaped to shallowly bowl-shaped, 5-10 mm × 2-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside pale grayish brown tomentose, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin entire or dentate. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-3 cm; scar 7-11 mm in diam., flat to depressed; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, base loosely pale grayish brown villous, late glabrescent. Fl. Mar, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
branch_count low: 2
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 1, high: 2
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: red
leaf_count low: 8, high: 14
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_base_color color: gray-brown
nut_base_surface surface: villose
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 35.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis camusiae Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets brown tomentose when young, sparsely hairy with age. Petiole 2-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade green, elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, (9-)11-17 × 3-5 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate to oblique, margin entire or rarely apically 2- or 3-serrulate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Infructescence ca. 2 cm. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.7 cm, pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm in diam. Fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
surface: hairy
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 8, high: 12
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrulate
leaf_margin_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 9.0, length_low: 11.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis championii Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark ashy and slice splitting. Branchlets sulcate, densely grayish brown stellate tomentose. Leaves crowded toward branchlet apex; petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, densely pale orangish brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate, sometimes oblong-elliptic, 3.5-10(-13) × 1.5-4.5 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale orangish brown mealy and densely stellate tomentose, hairs pale orangish brown when young but darker with age, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base cuneate, margin recurved and entire or rarely undulate-crenate toward apex, apex with a short, blunt tip to rarely retuse; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences to 4 cm, brown velutinous; cupules 3-10. Cupule bowl-shaped, 4-10 mm × 1-1.3(-2) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside brown to brownish velutinous, inside densely pale yellowish brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-7 rings, margin usually entire or sometimes basal 1 or 2 undulately denticulate. Nut broadly ovoid to oblate, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5(-1.8) cm, hairy when young, glabrescent, base and apex rounded; scar 4-5 mm in diam., flat. Fl. Dec-Mar, fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire, location: basal
margin: denticulate, location: basal
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_color color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 10
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate-crenate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: orange-brown
color: green
leaf_hair_color color: orange-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: retuse
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
color: yellow-brown
nut_count low: 6, high: 10
nut_margin_count low: 1, high: 2, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_max: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: hairy
petiole_color color: orange-brown
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
trunk_size dbh_high: 1.0, dbh_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis changhualingensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis chapensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, villous or glabrous when young, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, oblong. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 9-20 × 2-4(-5) cm, leathery to thickly papery, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 15-20 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-12 mm × 2.5-3.5 cm, covering base of nut, outside sparsely orangish brown tomentose, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, 1-2.2 × 1.5-2.7 cm, glabrous or basally pilose, base flat, apex rounded to slightly depressed; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., flat or depressed; stylopodium ca. 3 mm in diam., umbonate. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: villose
surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_max: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: orange-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_count low: 15, high: 20
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.7, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous, location: basal
surface: pilose, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slender and sulcate, with a whitish waxy layer by 2nd year. Petiole 5-8(-12) mm; leaf blade green, elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-11 × 2-4 cm, subleathery, puberulent or glabrous when young, base cuneate, margin entire to remotely repand and serrulate apically, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, slender, evident. Infructescences 2-4 cm, with 2-5 fruit. Cupule cupular, 0.5-1.2 × 0.8-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside glabrous, inside brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7(-9) rings, margins dentate. Nut ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, 1-1.5(-2) × 0.6-0.8 (-1.5) cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7, max: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_color color: white
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: sulcate
fruit_count low: 2, high: 5
fruit_shape shape: cupular
fruit_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 8, high: 11
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 0.8, width_max: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis chingsiensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, densely verrucose; lenticels brownish, elevated. Petiole slender, 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade broadly oblong-elliptic, 8-10 × 3-5 cm, subleathery, abaxially with an indument of fine yellowish brown stellate hairs when young but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous and shiny when dry, base obtusely rounded and oblique, margin subspinulose-serrate ± apically from middle, apex shortly acuminate; midvein basally canaliculate on adaxial surface; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein. Cupules woody, saucer-shaped, ca. 1 × 3-3.5 cm, margin introrse, outside grayish yellow tomentulose, inside densely sericeous-tomentose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in ca. 8 rings, margin subentire. Nut strongly depressed semiglobose, ca. 7 mm × 2.5 cm, densely puberulent, apex slightly concave; scar subconvex, ca. 2.2 cm in diam.; stylopodium conically rostrate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: verrucose
introrse_color color: gray-yellow
introrse_count low: 11, high: 13
introrse_shape shape: saucerlike
introrse_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
introrse_surface surface: tomentulose
surface: sericeous
surface: tomentose
introrse_woodiness woodiness: woody
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: surface, location: adaxial
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: basal
venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: brown
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis chungii Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets densely brown velutinous, glabrescent. Petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm, grayish brown velutinous; leaf blade elliptic to rarely obovate-elliptic, 6-10(-12) × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely grayish brown stellate tomentose (hairs 8-10-forked), base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin serrulate toward apex or rarely entire but not recurved, apex acute to somewhat caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-2 cm, rachis and bracts densely brown tomentose, cupules 2-6. Infructescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2.3 cm, covering base of nut, outside and inside grayish brown tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal 2 denticulate, others entire. Nut oblate, ca. 1.5 × 1.4-1.7 cm, velutinous, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat or depressed.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: basal
margin: entire
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: entire
leaf_apex_shape shape: recurved
shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_color color: gray-brown
leaf_hair_count low: 8, high: 10
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_margin_count low: 2, location: basal
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: gray-brown
petiole_size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_bract_color color: brown
rachis_bract_count low: 2, high: 6
rachis_bract_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis daimingshanensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 5-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 4-7 × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous, abaxially whitish, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin apically remotely serrulate, apex with a short, blunt tip; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm; cupules 3-5. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 5 mm × 1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside whitish velutinous; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, margin of apical 2 denticulate, others entire. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, 2-2.2 × ca. 1.3 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, evident. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 6
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: apical
margin: entire
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: green
leaf_count low: 7, high: 9
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, location: apical
nut_shape shape: oblong-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis delavayi Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades densely, mature leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences pale orangish brown stellate tomentose. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 8-12 × 2-4.5 cm, subleathery, adaxially glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary, solitary, ca. 4 cm, cupules 2 or 3. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 5-8(-10) mm × 1-1.5(-1.9) cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale orangish brown tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin shallowly denticulate. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1-1.5 cm, tomentose, glabrescent, apically indented; scar 6-8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_color color: orange-brown
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_shape shape: stellate
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: orange-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.9, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
solitary_count low: 2, high: 3
solitary_shape shape: saucerlike
solitary_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis delicatula Trees to 13 m tall. First-year branchlets ca. 2 mm thick, glabrous. Petiole slender, 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, oblong-elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 6-9 × 2-3.5 cm, papery, base cuneate, margin entire or shallowly crenate toward apex, apex caudate; secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, glabrescent; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Infructescence ca. 1 cm, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.5 × 1.6-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside and inside grayish brown and pubescent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin of apical 2 or 3 entire, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, at least apically velutinous, base and apex rounded; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 8
bract_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_shape shape: cupular
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 8
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_margin margin: crenate
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 13.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis dinghuensis Trees to 8 m tall. First-year branchlets grayish brown, sulcate, waxy, tawny woolly-tomentose; 2nd-year branchlets dark ashy, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 8-9 × 2-2.5 cm, pale brown tomentose, glabrescent, abaxially grayish green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin entire and slightly recurved, apex rounded; secondary veins 12 or 13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences on terminal new shoots, less than 1 cm, usually 2-fruited. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.8 × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose but glabrescent, wall ca. 4 mm and hard; bracts in 4 or 5 rings, margin entire. Nut ellipsoid, 3-3.5 × 1.7-2 cm; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, evident.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, high: 5
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_count low: 2
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 2
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: brown
color: gray-green
color: green
leaf_count low: 12, high: 13
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis disciformis Trees 10-14 m tall. Branchlet tawny velutinous, glabrescent. Petiole ca. 2 cm, tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 6-13 × 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded and often oblique, margin serrations incurved and shortly aristate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, curving; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences ca. 5 mm. Cupule discoid, rim flat when ripe, 3-4 cm in diam., covering base of nut, outside densely prostrate grayish brown tomentose, inside with an erect orangish brown feltlike tomentum, wall ca. 4 mm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin denticulate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × ca. 2 cm, apex flattened; scar ca. 2 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium persistent, raised, puberulent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 10
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: apical
margin: entire, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
infructescence_count low: 11, high: 13
infructescence_shape shape: disk
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_margin_shape shape: incurved
shape: aristate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 14.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis dongfangensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis edithiae Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slightly angular, glabrous; 2nd-year branchlets lenticellate; lenticels loose, small. Petiole 2-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to somewhat obovate, 5-16 × 2-6 cm, leathery, adaxially dark green, grayish, or whitish, base cuneate, margin apical 1/3 remotely serrulate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 3 or 4. Infructescence rachis short, ca. 1 cm thick, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, outside orangish brown velutinous, inside orangish brown prostrate villous, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 subentire, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 × 2-3 cm; scar ca. 7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, puberulent. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_count low: 2
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 4
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: gray
color: white
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: orange-brown
color: orange-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: villose
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, minutely sulcate, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels whitish, small. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (5-)8-15 × (1.5-)2.5-4 cm (to ca. 20 × 5.5 cm in budding shoot), glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially green, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin from middle or apically remotely and sharply serrate and sometimes glandular at serration, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins prominent; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Cupule shallowly cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside yellowish gray velutinous; bracts in (5-)7 or 8 rings, margin irregularly crenate-dentate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2.2 × 1-1.2 cm, yellowish brown puberulent near apex; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, 1-1.5 mm, 4- or 5-ringed, umbonate. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count min: 5, low: 7
bract_margin margin: crenate-dentate, location: apical
margin: entire, location: apical
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 4, high: 5
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
lenticel_color color: white
nut_apex_color color: yellow-brown
nut_apex_surface surface: puberulent
nut_color color: yellow-gray
nut_count low: 8
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
nut_shape shape: cupular
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: gray-green
color: green
petiole_count low: 8, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: serrate
petiole_margin_surface surface: glandular
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 5.5, width_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets densely orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent and densely lenticellate. Petiole 2-6 cm, tawny tomentose when young; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 14-27 × 4-9 cm, leathery, densely orangish brown tomentose when young but glabrescent, abaxially whitish, base cuneate, margin entire or apically undulate and serrulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-12(-15) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences 10-15 cm, tawny tomentose. Female inflorescence solitary in leaf axils toward apex of branchlets, 2.5-3.5 cm, rachis thick and densely orangish brown tomentose; cupules 4 or 5. Infructescence rachis short, ca. 7 mm thick, thicker than branchlet. Cupule campanulate to cylindric, 3-4 × 2.5-4 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, outside and inside with feltlike orangish brown indumentum, wall to 6 mm thick; bracts in 10-13 rings, margin subentire. Nut cylindric-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 × 2-3 cm, densely tawny tomentose; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, 5-8 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 10, high: 13
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: orange-brown
branch_shape shape: campanulate
shape: cylindric
branch_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
indumentum_color color: orange-brown
indumentum_size thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 12, max: 15
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
inflorescence_surface_male surface: tomentose, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 4, high: 5
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: orange-brown
color: white
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 27.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: orange-brown
rachis_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis fuliginosa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis gambleana Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, glabrescent, densely lenticellate; lenticels brown, raised. Petiole 3-4 cm, grayish stellate tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 12-20 × 2-5 cm, abaxially densely pale brown stellate tomentose, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-24 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences borne toward the apex of new shoots, axillary, solitary, ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Cupule cupular, ca. 1 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin denticulate. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 cm, hairy, glabrescent; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., slightly convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 24
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: hairy
petiole_color color: gray
petiole_shape shape: stellate
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
solitary_shape shape: cupular
solitary_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
solitary_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis gilva Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets densely pale orangish brown to tawny stellate tomentose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-3.5 cm, abaxially pale brown stellate velutinous, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 with short, awnlike serrations, apex acuminate; secondary veins 11-18 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm, rachis and bracts densely pale orangish brown tomentose; cupules usually 2. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, outside and inside pale grayish brown puberulent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin entire or denticulate. Nut obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 1-1.3 cm, apex puberulent; scar 5-6 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium persistent, puberulent. Fl. May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: orange-brown
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 18
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: puberulent
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: obovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: puberulent
rachis_bract_color color: orange-brown
rachis_bract_count low: 2
rachis_bract_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_bract_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis glauca Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade obovate to oblong-elliptic, 6-13 × 2-5.5 cm, often wider apically from middle, leathery, abaxially often becoming pruinous and with prostrate white simple or scalelike hairs but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrate, apex acuminate to somewhat caudate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescences 1.5-3 cm, with 2 or 3 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 0.9-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside white puberulent or glabrous, inside white sericeous; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, crowded, margin entire or denticulate. Nut ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or ellipsoid, 1-1.6 × 0.9-1.4 cm, glabrous or rarely hairy; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat or slightly convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 6
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: denticulate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 2, high: 3
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
infructescence_count low: 9, high: 13
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets grayish green, tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-2 cm; leaf blade long elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 5-12 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and tawny woolly-tomentose but somewhat glabrescent, adaxially green, base cuneate to subrounded, margin beyond basal 1/3 serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-2 cm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 × 8-12 mm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale brown sericeous; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin subentire. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 1-1.4 × 0.7-1 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; scar 5-6 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. May, fr. Oct
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
branch_color color: gray-green
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis gracilis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-9 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially whitish and with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially bright green, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 sharply serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 7-13 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous (especially near margin); tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-1.5 cm, rachis and bracts tomentose; cupules 2 or 3, borne apically. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside with prostrate grayish brown tomentose hairs; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin of basal 2 conspicuously dentate, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × ca. 1 cm, apex hairy; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate, location: basal
margin: denticulate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 13
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: hairy
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_hair_color color: gray-brown
nut_hair_surface surface: tomentose
nut_margin_count low: 2, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_bract_count low: 2, high: 3
rachis_bract_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_bract_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis helferiana Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets densely pale brown tomentose, glabrescent by 3rd year. Petiole 1-2(-3) cm, pale brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 12-15(-22) × 4-8(-9.5) cm, densely pale brown tomentose when young, abaxially pale grayish brown tomentose with age, adaxially glabrescent except for basal part of midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin crenate, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 1-2 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, pubescent. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, wall 1.2-2 mm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin denticulate to subentire. Nut oblate, 1-1.6 × 1.5-2.2 cm, gray villous, apex depressed; scar 1.2-1.4 cm in diam., flat to concave at maturity. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 10
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.2, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
branch_count low: 3
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 9, high: 14
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: brown
color: gray-brown
leaf_margin margin: crenate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_max: 9.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: basal
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: brown
color: gray
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: villose
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis hui Trees 10-15(-20) m tall. Branchlets densely curly orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels minute. Petiole 1-1.4 cm, woolly when young; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-13 × 1.5-3(-4) cm, subleathery, abaxially pale brown tomentose but glabrescent, base cuneate and slightly oblique, margin recurved and entire or indistinctly serrulate toward apex, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 2-5, apical. Infructescence ca. 1 cm; fruit 1 or 2. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to deeply discoid, 4-10 mm × 1.5-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside and inside densely feltlike tawny tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-6 rings, margin denticulate. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, densely tawny tomentose, glabrescent; scar 7-10 mm in diam., impressed; stylopodium raised. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, high: 6
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: orange-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: disk
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 5
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 6, high: 10
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
nut_venation venation: impressed
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis hypophaea Trees to 18 m tall. Branchlets slender, whitish hairy. Petiole 0.5-10 mm, triangular in cross section, densely gray tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 5-9.5 × 1.5-2.3 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish tomentose and hairs adnate, adaxially bright green, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially flat; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, outside whitish pubescent; bracts in 7-11 rings. Nut oblate to broadly ovoid, 1.7-2.1 × 1.2-1.8 cm; scar 5-8 mm in diam., slightly convex. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Jan-Feb of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 11
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
branch_color color: white
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: hairy
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: white
leaf_count low: 8, high: 14
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: slender
shape: saucerlike
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.1, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: gray
petiole_shape shape: triangular
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis jenseniana Trees to 35 m tall. Branchlets thick, sulcate, glabrous, densely lenticellate; lenticels pale brown. Petiole 3-5 cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 12-20(-30) × 6-8(-13) cm, subleathery to leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, margin entire, apex caudate to acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent, adaxially impressed; secondary veins 12-18 (-24) on each side of midvein, curving near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 3-5(-9) cm; rachis lenticels grayish brown, oblong. Infructescences 5-10 cm. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × 1.3-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside with thick orangish brown indument but outside glabrescent, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin denticulate. Nut oblong-ovoid, obovoid, or ovoid-conical, 1.7-2.2 × (0.8-)1.3-1.5 cm, yellowish velutinous, glabrescent; scar (3-)6 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_min: 3.0, length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 18, max: 24
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 9.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: cuneate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_max: 13.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
nut_color color: orange-brown
color: yellow
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: obovoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_min: 0.8, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
petiole_shape shape: sulcate
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 35.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis jinpinensis Trees. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent when young. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7-11 × 3-4.5 cm, abaxially with grayish brown simple hairs (more densely along veins), base narrowly rounded, margin shallowly serrate on apical 1/3, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupules solitary, sessile, bowl-shaped, ca. 1.5 × 1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside apically densely yellowish brown tomentose but middle and basal hairs relatively sparce; bracts in 9-11 rings, margin entire but most basal ones denticulate. Nut ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 9, high: 11
bract_margin margin: entire, location: basal
margin: denticulate, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_hair_color color: gray-brown
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_hair_color color: yellow-brown, location: basal
nut_hair_surface surface: tomentose, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
solitary_count low: 12, high: 14
solitary_shape shape: saucerlike
solitary_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.8, width_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis kerrii Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets densely tawny tomentose, glabrescent or rarely remaining hairy. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 9-18(-24) × 3-7(-9) cm, densely tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent, abaxially stellate hairy with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin serrate on apical 2/3, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; midvein flat or adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences solitary, 2-5(-7) cm. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 2-2.5(-3.8) cm, covering base to 1/2 of nut, outside grayish to pale brown tomentose, inside prostrate whitish puberulent, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 7-11 rings, margin denticulate or entire. Nut oblate, 0.7-1.2 × 2-2.8 cm, apex depressed to flat; scar 1-2 cm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, grayish sericeous-pubescent. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 11
bract_margin margin: denticulate
margin: entire
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
surface: hairy
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong-oblanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_max: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_max: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
color: brown
color: white
color: gray
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
solitary_shape shape: disk
solitary_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 7.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis kiukiangensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets thick, densely lenticellate; lenticels brownish, raised. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 10-18 × 3.5-8.5 cm, leathery, abaxially whitish, and loosely covered with simple hairs, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/2 with awnlike and incurved serrations, apex shortly acute, acuminate, or caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to conspicuous, parallel. Infructescence ca. 3.5 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick. Cupule saucer-to bowl-shaped, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.2 cm, enclosing to 1/2 of nut, outside tomentose, inside whitish sericeous, wall 1.5-3 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, yellowish brown tomentose, margin of basal ones loosely dentate but apical ones entire. Nut globose, ovoid, or conical, 1.5-1.7(-3) × 1.4-1.7 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, 3-ringed. Fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate, location: apical
margin: entire, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
bract_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_count low: 3
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 13
infructescence_size length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin_shape shape: incurved
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 8.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: parallel
lenticel_color color: brown
nut_color color: white
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.7, length_max: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, densely tawny velutinous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, densely light brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 12-20 × 3.5-5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely pale grayish brown stellate tomentose, base cuneate and usually oblique, margin apically serrate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, conspicuous. Female inflorescence ca. 1.5 cm; rachis brown tomentose. Cupule campanulate, ca. 2.5 × 2.5-3.4 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, outside orangish brown tomentose, inside feltlike orangish tomentose, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin dentate. Nut cylindric-ellipsoid, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm, tomentose; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium umbonate, ca. 3 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: gray-brown
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: stellate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: orange-brown
color: orange
nut_shape shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: brown
rachis_shape shape: campanulate
rachis_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.4, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa Trees to 40 m tall. Branchlets tawny tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 2-4 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, 16-30(-39) × 6-8(-10) cm, leathery, abaxially pruinose or with pale brown, shortly stellate hairs and sometimes glabrescent, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin serrate or entire on basal 1/3, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 18-25(-33) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences usually with 1-3 fruit. Cupule oblate to semiglobose, 2-3 × 3-5 cm, enclosing 2/3-4/5 or sometimes all nut, outside and inside orangish tomentose, wall 2-5 mm on sides and 3-8 mm at base; bracts in 7-10 rings, thinly lamellate, margin subentire but denticulate when ripe. Nut oblate, 2-3 × 3-4 cm, tomentose, glabrescent, apex flat, rounded, or umbonate; scar 2-3 cm in diam., flat to slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 10
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, subpart_as_loc: at base
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 18, high: 25, max: 33
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
color: green
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 16.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 39.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_max: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: orange
nut_shape shape: orbicular
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, subpart_as_loc: at base
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 40.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis litoralis Trees to 15 m tall; trunk to 40 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish brown. Branchlets thick, densely brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels minute, raised. Petiole 2.5-5 cm, densely brown tomentose when young but glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic, 10-20 × 5-10 cm, leathery, brown tomentose when young but glabrescent, abaxially grayish green but brownish when dry, base cuneate, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences borne in axil of terminal leaf, 2-3 cm; cupules 3-5. Cupule obconic, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts in 9-12 rings, margin of basal ones entire, others denticulate and incurved. Nut ellipsoid, ca. 4.5 × 2.5-2.8 cm; scar conically convex. Fl. Dec, fr. Jun-Jul of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_color color: gray-brown
bract_count low: 9, high: 12
bract_margin margin: entire, location: basal
margin: denticulate
bract_shape shape: incurved
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 9
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
color: gray-green
color: brown
leaf_count low: 3, high: 5
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obconic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 4.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
trunk_size dbh_high: 40.0, dbh_units: cm
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis litseoides Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets sparsely tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves sessile; leaf blade obovate-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2.5-7 × 0.8-3 cm, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences ca. 1 cm; cupules 2, apical. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-6 × ca. 10 mm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside, remotely grayish brown tomentose; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire or denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × ca. 1 cm, apex pubescent; scar flat; stylopodium persistent, evident.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: denticulate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 2
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf_count low: 6, high: 9
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_surface surface: pubescent
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis lobbii Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to rarely obovate, 7-13 × 3-5 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish and with stellate hairs, adaxially glabrous, base narrowly rounded to cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, adaxially flat or slightly raised. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish tomentose; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1.2 cm, glabrous, apex flat; scar slightly convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: dentate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: white
nut_count low: 13, high: 16
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis longinux Trees. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels oblong. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6-8 × 2-2.5 cm, abaxially farinose or with adnate simple hairs, adaxially bright green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein. Cupule bowl-shaped, 8-9 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, wall thin; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 × 0.9 cm; scar convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: dentate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_count low: 7, high: 9
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 0.9, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets conspicuously sulcate, glabrous. Petiole 2-2.5(-4) cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade green, oblong, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 9.5-11.5 × 3-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially grayish green and with simple hairs or glabrous, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin basally entire but apically awnlike serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences ca. 2.5 cm; rachis slender, sparsely tomentose. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.7-1 × ca. 1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside sparsely tomentose; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin of basal ones 1 or 2 denticulate, others subentire to repand-dentate. Nut broadly ovoid to oblate, 1.2-2 cm, apex flat or depressed and velutinous; scar flat and rounded. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 9
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: basal
margin: dentate
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 17
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_hair_color color: gray-green
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: basal
margin: serrate, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.5, length_high: 11.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_margin_count low: 1, high: 2, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_shape shape: sulcate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_shape shape: slender
shape: saucerlike
rachis_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis macrocalyx
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis macrocalyx var. litoralis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis morii Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets thick, glabrous or arachnoid hairy when young, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 6-10 × 2.5-4 cm, glabrous or sparsely sericeous when young, base subrounded to broadly cuneate and slightly oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat or slightly impressed; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Infructescence 2-3 cm; rachis glabrous, lenticellate. Cupule cupular to campanulate, 1.4-1.8 × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, basal ones divergent from cupule wall, apical ones with margin dentate and apex obtuse. Nut ovoid to cylindric, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.8 cm, glabrous or rarely hairy, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat or slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_count low: 7, high: 8
bract_margin margin: dentate, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: arachnoid
surface: hairy
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 8, high: 11
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: sericeous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_shape shape: cupular
shape: campanulate
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis motuoensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets dark, sulcate, densely lenticellate; lenticels whitish, rounded, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 7-10 × 3-4 cm, subleathery, concolorous, glabrous, base rounded and slightly oblique, margin entire or apically remotely serrate, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous; tertiary veins obscure. Infructescences solitary in axil of a higher leaf, 2-4 cm, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × ca. 1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside glabrous, inside sericeous; bracts in 6 rings, margin remotely triangular-denticulate. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-1.8 × 1-1.3 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6
bract_margin margin: triangular-denticulate
bract_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 2
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_shape shape: cupular
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 9
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
lenticel_surface surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis multinervis Trees to 12 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, lenticellate. Petiole 1-2.7 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 7.5-15.5 × 2.5-5.5 cm, abaxially grayish green, waxy, and with prostrate simple hairs but glabrescent, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 sharply serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Infructescences 1-2 cm, 2-6-fruited. Cupule cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, outside thinly grayish brown puberulent, inside whitish sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin subentire. Nut oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., flat or convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov of following year from fl.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
infructescence_count low: 2, high: 6
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.5, length_high: 15.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: white
nut_count low: 10, high: 15
nut_shape shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, oblong, convex. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-11 × 1.8-4 cm, abaxially whitish farinose but dark gray when dry, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 1/2 serrulate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, usually almost reaching margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish pubescent, inside glabrous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin entire. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.4-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous, apex rounded; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium conspicuous, 5- or 6-ringed. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 5, high: 6
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 14
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: gray
color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
shape: convex
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis neglecta Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown sericeous, glabrescent. Leaves crowded toward branchlet apex; petiole 2-5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-11 × 0.5-1.8 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish and glabrous or basally villous, base cuneate, margin entire or indistinctly 1- or 2-crenate toward apex, apex rounded; midvein adaxially slightly raised or flat; secondary veins 7-14 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Female inflorescences 5-10 mm, rachis grayish brown tomentose when young; cupules 2-many. Infructescences 5-10 mm, usually 1-fruited. Cupule saucer-shaped to cupular, 5-10 mm × 1.3-1.5(-1.8) cm, covering base of nut, outside grayish brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-6 rings, margin entire or triangular denticulate. Nut obovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.6 cm, puberulent, glabrescent; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, evident. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 4, high: 6
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: triangular-denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: sericeous
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 14
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 1
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_count low: 1, high: 2
leaf_apex_margin margin: crenate
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white, location: basal
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous, location: basal
surface: villose, location: basal
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_color color: gray-brown
rachis_count low: 2
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis ningangensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets gray, sparsely hairy. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, dark when dry, basally tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 8-13 × 2-4 cm, abaxially densely with gray, shortly stellate hairs, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein impressed; secondary veins 13-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly raised, fusing at serration. Female inflorescences borne in axil of a higher leaf, solitary, 1.5-2 cm, cupules 7-10 but usually only 2 or 3 fertile. Cupule cupular, ca. 5 mm × 1 cm, outside sparsely gray hairy, inside gray sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings. Nut tawny, oblong-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., subrounded; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray
branch_surface surface: hairy
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 15
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_margin_surface surface: glandular
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: oblong-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose, location: basal
solitary_color color: gray
color: gray
solitary_count low: 7, high: 10
solitary_shape shape: cupular
solitary_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
solitary_surface surface: hairy
surface: sericeous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis obovatifolia Trees or shrubs (2-)5-11 m tall. Petiole 2-8 mm, hairy when young, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblong-elliptic, 2.5-6(-9) × 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm, abaxially pruinose and loosely covered with stellate hairs but glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire or apically slightly repand, apex rounded to sometimes shortly acute or shortly acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 5-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Infructescences 1-2 cm, with 1-3 fruit. Cupules with a stalk 3-8 mm, bowl-shaped, 6-10 mm × (1.1-)1.5-2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown velutinous, inside grayish brown sericeous; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin of basal and apical ones denticulate, others dentate. Nut oblate to subglobose, 0.8-2 × 1-1.6 cm, glabrous; scar 5-8 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 9
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: apical
margin: dentate
fruit_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 5, high: 8
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 1.1, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: hairy
shrub_size height_min: 2.0, height_low: 5.0, height_high: 11.0, height_units: m
stalk_shape shape: saucerlike
stalk_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, soon glabrescent. Petiole 2.5-4 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 12-22 × 3-8 cm, abaxially pruinose to whitish farinose and with adnate simple and furcate hairs but soon glabrescent, adaxially green, base rounded to broadly cuneate and usually oblique, margin serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-24 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 2-5 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.5-2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside thinly grayish brown tomentose, inside white sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-2.2 × 1.2-1.7 cm, glabrous or rarely pilose at apex; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium ca. 4 mm in diam., with 3 or 4 rings. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_count low: 3, high: 4
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 24
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_furcate_color color: white
leaf_furcate_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
surface: pilose, subpart_as_loc: at apex
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma Trees to 17 m tall. Branchlets orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade obovate, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2-5 cm, leathery, orangish woolly hairy when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm, densely brown tomentose, with 2-5 cupules. Cupule semiglobose to campanulate, (1-)2-3 × 1.5-3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3-2/3 of nut, outside usually densely tawny, tomentose, inside tawny thickly feltlike tomentose, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or dentate. Nut ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid, or obovoid, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., densely tawny tomentose when young but glabrescent, apex rounded; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, 2-3 cm in diam. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 8
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: orange-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_color color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 5
inflorescence_shape shape: campanulate
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: orange
leaf_count low: 8, high: 11
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_min: 1.0, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 17.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets conspicuously angular when young; grayish brown, sparsely lenticellate by 2nd year, glabrous. Petiole 2-4.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 × 2.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and with stellate hairs when young but glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to rarely subrounded and sometimes oblique, margin shortly and sharply serrate with serration somewhat incurved, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, inconspicuous to evident. Female inflorescence 2-3 cm; cupules 3-5. Fruit solitary. Cupule shallowly cupular, 6-8 mm or rarely shallower, 2-3 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside pale grayish brown puberulent, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin dentate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-2.8 cm, grayish brown puberulent; scar 1.5-2 cm in diam., impressed or flat; stylopodium persistent, ca. 4 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate, location: apical
margin: entire, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 3, high: 5
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 11
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_color color: gray-green
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_margin_shape shape: incurved
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
color: gray-brown
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: impressed
petiole_count low: 2
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
solitary_shape shape: cupular
solitary_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis pentacycla Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets thick, grayish brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, 10-14 × 4-6 cm, leathery, abaxially whitish chaffy or with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially green and glabrous, base subrounded and slightly oblique, margin serrulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 13-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupule obconic, ca. 6 mm × 1.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish tomentose, inside prostrate sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in (4 or)5 rings, margin dentate. Nut reddish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.7 × 1.2 cm, shiny; scar ca. 7 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count min: 4, low: 5
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
habit: prostrate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_color color: white
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_shape shape: chaffy
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_color color: white
color: red-brown
nut_count low: 13, high: 15
nut_shape shape: obconic
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
petiole_shape shape: sulcate
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis phanera Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade bright green, oblong-elliptic to somewhat obovate, 5-15 × 2-6 cm, thickly leathery, glabrous, base cuneate and oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially flat; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 5 mm, cupules usually 1. Infructescences ca. 1 cm; rachis thick, lenticellate. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, outside pale grayish brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts in 8-12 rings, middle 4 or 5 wider and margin deeply dentate, apical 3 narrowest. Nut cylindric to ellipsoid, 3-4 × 2-2.5 cm, villous; scar 8-10 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 3 mm in diam., base ringed. Fr. Dec-Jan.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 12
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 10
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
nut_count low: 3, location: apical
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 4, high: 5
nut_shape shape: cylindric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: villose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis poilanei Trees to 16 m tall. Branchlets densely pale orangish brown feltlike tomentose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 4-8 × 3-6 cm, tawny stellate tomentose when young, abaxially hairs persisting or glabrescent, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apically few serrulate or entire, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous to inconspicuous, ± parallel. Female inflorescences borne apically on new shoots, 1-2 cm; cupules 3-7. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, outside tawny to ashy tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1.8 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or basal 1 or 2 denticulate and apical ones crenate. Nut ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid, or globose, 1.5-2 × 1.3-1.5 cm; scar 5-7 mm in diam., flat. Fl. Apr, fr. Apr of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 8
bract_margin margin: entire, location: basal
margin: denticulate, location: basal
margin: crenate, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 1.8, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: orange-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 3, high: 7
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 10, high: 15
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_color color: orange-brown
nut_margin_count low: 1, high: 2, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 16.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis rex Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets pale brown tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves often crowded apically on branches; petiole 2-3 cm, brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate to obovate-oblanceolate, 15-20(-27) × (4-)6-9 cm, densely brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apically remotely minutely serrate, apex shortly acuminate to acute; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed or flat; secondary veins 18-22 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Cupule saucer-shaped, 1.5-1.8 × 3.5-5(-6) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall to 4 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or sinuate, basal ones free from wall. Nut oblate, 2.5-3.5 × 3.5-5 cm, pale grayish orange tomentose when young, apically and basally hairy with age, apex rounded to impressed; scar 2-2.5 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium often deciduous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 7, high: 8
bract_margin margin: entire
margin: sinuate
bract_size thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 27.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 4.0, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_apex_venation venation: impressed
nut_color color: gray-orange
nut_count low: 18, high: 22
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
surface: hairy, location: basal
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis saravanensis Trees to 50 m tall. Branchlets slender, sulcate, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 10-14 × 2.5-4.5 cm, papery, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin entire, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins (6-)9 or 10 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous. Cupule campanulate to obconic, ca. 1.5 × 2 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, outside gray villous, inside orangish tomentose, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin entire. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 9
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf_count min: 6, low: 9
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_color color: gray
color: orange
nut_count low: 10
nut_shape shape: campanulate
shape: obconic
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: villose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 50.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis semiserrata Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-oblong to obovate-oblanceolate, 13-25 × 3-7 cm, thinly papery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent and adaxially slightly raised or flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, curving near margin. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.2 × 2.5 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, outside brown velutinous, inside brownish tomentose, wall thin; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin undulately denticulate. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, 3.5-4 × ca. 2.2 cm, pilose, apex rounded; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 9
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_count low: 9, high: 12
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.2, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pilose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets waxy, glaucous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded, hairy, glabrescent. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 7-15 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery, subconcolorous, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or apically 2-4 serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescence ca. 1.5 cm. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, inside grayish brown feltlike tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 denticulate, others subentire. Nut obovoid to ellipsoid-obovoid, 1.7-2.4 × 0.8-1.5 cm, base with a few rings; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, raised. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: basal
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: glaucous
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_margin_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
lenticel_surface surface: hairy
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: basal
nut_shape shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid-obovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis sichourensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets thick, slightly sulcate, sparsely hairy, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded, raised. Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm, brown tomentose when young; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 12-21 × 5-9 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially whitish, pilose, and barbate in vein axils, adaxially bright green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin beyond basal 1/4 remotely serrate, apex shortly acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule oblate, ca. 2.5 × 3.5-5 cm, enclosing nearly all of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 9 or 10 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, ca. 2 × 3-4 cm, pale orangish tomentose, apex impressed and umbonate; scar slightly narrower than nut diam., convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 9, high: 10
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: hairy
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: green
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 21.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_apex_venation venation: impressed
nut_color color: brown
color: orange-brown
color: orange
nut_count low: 15, high: 18
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: sericeous
surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides Trees to 17 m tall. Branchlets slender, gray, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially farinose and with prostrate simple hairs but usually glabrescent, adaxially green, base narrowly acute to rounded, margin with short, awnlike serrations, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, extending into serration; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Female inflorescences 2-2.5 cm, cupules 6 or 7. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 × ca. 1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 or less of nut, outside and inside grayish velutinous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.7-2 × ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, 3-ringed. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 3
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 7
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
nut_count low: 11, high: 13
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 17.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Trees to 12 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-4 cm, sericeous and simple hairy when young, abaxially whitish (browning when dry) and sparsely hairy or glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely shallowly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, and adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences borne in axil of new shoots, solitary, ca. 2 cm; rachis and bracts brown tomentose. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside whitish pilose but glabrescent, inside grayish brown tomentose; bracts in 5-9 rings, loosely arranged, margin dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, 0.8-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Jul, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 9
bract_margin margin: dentate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_duration duration: persistent
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 10
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: white
color: green
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: sericeous
surface: hairy
surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
color: gray-brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pilose
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_bract_color color: brown
rachis_bract_shape shape: cupular
rachis_bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
rachis_bract_surface surface: tomentose
solitary_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis subhinoidea Trees to 13 m tall. Branchlets with yellowish brown, 6-8-furcate, stellate tomentose hairs when young, soon glabrescent; dark brown and sparsely lenticellate with age. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade grayish green, oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, 7-12 × 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, glabrous, base broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin sharply serrate with serrate points callose, apex acuminate to somewhat caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins (15-)17-22 on each side of midvein, fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule saucer-shaped, 1-1.5 × ca. 3 cm, outside velutinous; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, basal ones wider and erose, middle 3 or 4 denser, apical ones incurved at cupule rim. Nut oblate, 1-1.5 × 2.5-3 cm, apex impressed; scar ca. 1.8 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, yellowish gray puberulent. Fr. Aug-Dec (on 1-year-old branchlets).
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 9
bract_rim_shape shape: incurved
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
branch_count low: 1
branch_furcate_count low: 6, high: 8
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
branch_hair_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_callose_margin margin: serrate
leaf_color color: gray-green
leaf_count min: 15, low: 17, high: 22
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate-elliptic
shape: saucerlike
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_venation venation: impressed
nut_color color: yellow-gray
nut_count low: 3, high: 4
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 13.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets whitish, glabrous, slightly sulcate, densely lenticellate; lenticels whitish. Petiole 2-4 cm, black when dry, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-25 × 5-10 cm, papery, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially glossy-green, base broadly cuneate, margin entire to remotely crenate and apically serrate, apex somewhat caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, parallel; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence 2-6 cm; cupules 3-5. Infructescence ca. 10 cm, with 1-5 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.5 × 2-4 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, outside thinly grayish velutinous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin undulately denticulate. Nut oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, apex depressed; scar 2-2.5 cm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, slightly raised. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: white
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 1, high: 5
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: glossy-green
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: crenate
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: parallel
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
nut_color color: gray
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: black
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis thorelii Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, densely with tawny stellate hairs when young, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels whitish, small. Petiole 1-3 cm, hairy, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 12-17 × 3.5-7 cm, subleathery, light orangish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, abaxially grayish brown, adaxially bright green, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire near base but otherwise spinose serrate, apex acute to caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, branching near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupule bowl-shaped to cupular, 1.5-2 × ca. 3 cm, enclosing most of nut and ca. 0.5 mm longer than it, apically incurved, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9(-12) rings, margin subentire. Nut oblate, 1-1.5 × 2.5-3 cm, densely light brown tomentose, apex depressed; scar ca. 2 cm in diam., flat. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
habit habit: branching
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_margin margin: serrate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: orange-brown
color: gray-brown
color: green
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 13, high: 16
low: 9, max: 12
nut_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cupular
shape: incurved
nut_size length_low: 0.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hairy
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis tiaoloshanica Trees to 12 m tall. First-year branchlets minutely angular, with light brown woolly floss; 2nd-year branchlets indistinctly lenticellate. Leaves crowded apically on branchlets; petiole 6-8 mm, pale brown woolly when young; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 4-10 × 1.2-3 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially light brown floccose-tomentose when young, base cuneate, margin entire or apically 2-5-crenate, apex acute; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 5-7 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 5-15 mm; cupules 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown pubescent, inside brown villous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal ones denticulate, apical 2 or 3 ones narrow and with margin entire. Nut ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.2 × 1.4-1.6 cm, puberulent, glabrescent but apically remaining puberulent with age; scar 6-9 mm in diam., flat or impressed; stylopodium persistent, slightly raised. Fl. Jan-Feb, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: apical
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
branch_count low: 2
branch_shape shape: angular
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: crenate
leaf_margin_count low: 2, high: 5
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
nut_count low: 5, high: 7
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: apical
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: villose
surface: puberulent
surface: puberulent
nut_venation venation: impressed
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis tomentosinervis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, villous when young, soon glabrescent. Petiole 2-3.5 cm, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 7-15 × 3-5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish brown tomentose (denser so along veins), adaxially bright green and glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire or apically indistinctly serrulate, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences 5-7 cm; rachis villous. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.3-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside pubescent, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of apical 2 entire, others triangular denticulate. Nut ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-1.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar 5-8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: triangular-denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: villose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 15
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-brown
color: green
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: orange-brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_margin_count low: 2, location: apical
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: sericeous
surface: glabrous
petiole_shape shape: sulcate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: villose
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis xanthotricha Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets slender, dark purple, finely sulcate, sparsely lenticellate by 2nd year; lenticels white, small. Petiole 5-10 mm, puberulent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5-8 × 1.5-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially grayish green and with simple hairs and base of midvein with brown sericeous hairs, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescences 2-5 cm. Cupule obconic, 4-6 × 6-10 mm, enclosing ca. 2/5 of nut, outside puberulent, inside pale brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, margin denticulate to subentire. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.9-1.3 × 0.7-1 cm; scar 4-6 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, raised, puberulent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 5, high: 6
bract_margin margin: denticulate
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: purple
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: sulcate
infructescence_count low: 8, high: 10
infructescence_shape shape: obconic
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_color color: gray-green
color: brown
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: sericeous
leaf_margin margin: serrulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: white
lenticel_count low: 2
nut_color color: brown
nut_duration duration: persistent
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: sericeous
surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: puberulent
tree_size height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis yin-qianii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis yingjiangensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slender, dark purple when dry, slightly sulcate, subglabrous, lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole slender, 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 9-12 × 3-4 cm, abaxially green, farinose, sparsely with stellate hairs, and glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Fruit solitary. Cupule saucer-shaped, ca. 3 cm in diam., wall ca. 2 mm thick. Nut ovoid-conical, ca. 2 × 3 cm.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: purple
branch_shape shape: slender
shape: sulcate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: green
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: cm
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
solitary_shape shape: saucerlike
solitary_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, thick. Petiole 2.5-4 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, 13-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous when young, abaxially glabrous but glaucous with age, base ± truncate to somewhat auriculate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate. Infructescence rachises basally ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule funnelform, 0.6-1.2 × 1.4-1.8 cm; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 rings irregularly denticulate but others entire, outside yellowish brown pilose and with scalelike trichomes, inside densely yellowish brown appressed tomentose. Nuts ovoid-ellipsoid to appressed orbicular, 1.2-1.8 × 1.4-1.8 cm; scar 6-11 mm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_count low: 6, high: 7
bract_margin margin: denticulate, location: basal
margin: entire, location: basal
bract_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: tomentose
bract_trichome_color color: yellow-brown
bract_trichome_surface surface: pilose
branch_color color: purple-brown
infructescence_count low: 14, high: 17
infructescence_shape shape: funnelform
infructescence_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: truncate
shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
nut_margin_count low: 2, high: 3, location: basal
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Fagaceae Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Trees or rarely shrubs, monoecious, evergreen or deciduous. Stipules usually early deciduous. Leaves alternate, sometimes false-whorled in Cyclobalanopsis. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous with female cupules at the base of an otherwise male inflorescence. Male inflorescences a pendulous head or erect or pendulous catkin, sometimes branched; flowers in dense cymules. Male flower: sepals 4-6(-9), scalelike, connate or distinct; petals absent; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; with or without a rudimentary pistil. Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, and Formanodendron), without endosperm; embryo large. Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900-1000 species: worldwide except for tropical and S Africa; seven genera and 294 species (163 endemic, at least three introduced) in China. Many species are important timber trees. Nuts of Fagus, Castanea, and of most Castanopsis species are edible, and oil is extracted from nuts of Fagus. Nuts of most species of this family contain copious amounts of water soluble tannin. Members of the Fagaceae are the main element of both broad-leaved evergreen and mixed mesophytic forests from 500-3200 m. Huang Chengchiu, Chang Yongtian, Hsu Yongchun & Jen Hsienwei. 1998. Fagaceae. In: Chun Woonyong & Huang Chengchiu, eds. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 22: 1-332.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
catkin_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
shape: branched, sex: male
filament_shape shape: filiform
flower_count low: 1, high: 7, location: subtended
head_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, subpart_as_loc: at base
inflorescence_reproduction_unisexual reproduction: androgynous, sex: unisexual
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: evergreen
nut_count low: 294
ovary_count low: 3, high: 6, max: 9
low: 2, per_part: locule
perianth_count low: 1, high: 7
petal_count low: 0
pistil_count low: 1
seed_count low: 12
sepal_count low: 4, high: 6, max: 9
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_count low: 1
tree_count low: 163
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Fagaceae Fagus Trees deciduous. Bark smooth. Winter buds elongated, reddish brown, apex acute. Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, plicate in bud; secondary veins ± parallel. Male inflorescence in leaf axils toward base of branchlets, a lax pedunculate head; flowers many; perianth 4-7-lobed; stamens 8-16; rudimentary ovary pubescent. Female inflorescences in axils of leaves; flowers usually 2, subtended by a single (3-or)4-parted cupule and surrounded by numerous bracts; styles 3, recurved. Cupules woody, (3 or)4-valved; bracts leaflike or filiform to short, triangular. Nuts (1 or)2(or 3), ovoid to 3-sided. Germination epigeal; cotyledons plicate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark_surface surface: smooth
bract_count min: 3, low: 4, location: subtended
min: 3, low: 4
bract_shape shape: recurved
shape: filiform
shape: triangular
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
bud_apex_shape shape: acute
bud_color color: red-brown
bud_leaf_folding leaf_folding: plicate
bud_venation venation: vein
venation: parallel
cotyledon_count low: 3
cotyledon_leaf_folding leaf_folding: plicate
flower_count low: 2
habit habit: epigeal
habit_male habit: lax, sex: male
inflorescence_count low: 3
leaf_count low: 1, location: subtended
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_ranked_count low: 2
nut_count min: 1, low: 2
nut_shape shape: ovoid
ovary_count low: 3
ovary_surface surface: pubescent
perianth_lobe_count low: 4, high: 7
stamen_count low: 8, high: 16
Fagaceae Fagus engleriana Trees to 25 m tall. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, or rarely oblong-ovate, 5-9(-11) cm, abaxially glaucescent and glabrous except for long silky hairs along veins, base broadly cuneate to sometimes rounded or subcordate, margin sinuate, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, curving upward, fusing near margin. Peduncle 2-7 cm. Cupule 1.5-1.8 cm; basal bracts greenish, leaflike, glabrous, veined; apical bracts brownish, filiform, hairy. Nuts slightly exserted, apex with 3 small wings. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: green, location: basal
color: brown, location: apical
bract_shape shape: filiform
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: glabrous
surface: hairy
bract_venation venation: veined
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
surface: silky
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: sinuate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: oblong-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_max: 11.0, length_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_wing_count low: 3
peduncle_count low: 9, high: 14
peduncle_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Fagus hayatae Trees to 20 m tall. Winter buds to 1.5 cm. Leaf blade rhomboid-ovate, 3-7 cm, covered with silky pubescence when young, glabrescent except for glandular dots and tufts of hair on midvein and abaxially on axils of secondary veins, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, apex acute to shortly acuminate; veins blackish when dry; midvein flexuous toward apex; secondary veins 5-9 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth. Peduncle 0.5-2 cm, pilose. Cupule 7-10 mm; bracts linear, recurved, 1-3 mm, pilose. Nut as long as cupule, with very small wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: recurved
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pilose
bud_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_apex_venation venation: midrib
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: black
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_shape shape: rhomboid-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: silky
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_count low: 5, high: 9
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Fagus hayatae subsp. pashanica
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Fagus longipetiolata Trees to 25 m tall. Winter buds to 2 cm. Petiole 1-3.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 9-15 cm, abaxially finely densely pubescent and glaucescent, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, margin remotely serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth. Peduncle 1-10 cm. Cupule 2-2.5 cm; bracts linear, recurved, pubescent, apical ones to 7 mm but basally shorter. Nut as long or slightly shorter than cupule, with narrowed wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: recurved
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bud_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, location: apical
peduncle_count low: 9, high: 15
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Fagus lucida Trees to 25 m tall. Winter buds ca. 1.5 cm. Petiole 0.6-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5-11 cm, lustrous green and glabrous except for silky pubescence abaxially on midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin slightly sinuate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, ending in minute teeth. Peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous. Cupule 1-1.5 cm; bracts tuberculate, closely appressed, triangular mucronate, 1-2 mm, rarely apical ones slightly ascending. Nut slightly exserted, with minute or hardly evident wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular-mucronate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
bud_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
habit habit: ascending, location: apical
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: green
leaf_margin margin: sinuate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: silky
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
peduncle_count low: 8, high: 12
peduncle_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Formanodendron Trees. Winter buds ovoid; scales imbricate. Stipules free. Leaves alternate. Inflorescences axillary, male, female, or androgynous. Male inflorescences borne on basal part of branches, initially erect then becoming ± pendulous and flexuous; flowers in fascicles of (1-)3-7, each cluster subtended by 1 bract and 2 bractlets; perianth basally connate, imbricate, 6-lobed; stamens 6 and opposite to lobes, anthers ± basifixed but not versatile. Female or androgynous inflorescences erect, borne on apical part of branches. Female flowers solitary or in fascicles of 3-7, subtended by 3-5 bracts; perianth imbricate, lobes 6 and adnate to ovary; staminodes 6, morphologically similar to stamens and often appearing fertile; ovary 3-loculed; styles 3, curved; stigma capitate. Cupules splitting into 3-5 valves; bracts scalelike, transversely arranged. Nuts 1-3(-7) per cupule, prismatic, apex with persistent perianth and styles; pericarp winged; endocarp tomentose. Germination epigeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 1, location: subtended
low: 2, location: subtended
low: 3, high: 5, location: subtended
bract_valve_count low: 3, high: 5
branch_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
bud_shape shape: ovoid
endocarp_surface surface: tomentose
fascicles_count min: 1, low: 3, high: 7
low: 3, high: 7
habit habit: epigeal
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
missing missing_part: not versatile
nut_count low: 1, high: 3, max: 7
ovary_count low: 3
ovary_shape shape: curved
perianth_apex_duration duration: persistent
perianth_lobe_count low: 6
low: 6, part_as_loc: adnate to ovary
stamen_count low: 6, subpart_as_loc: to lobes
low: 6
stigma_count low: 3
stigma_shape shape: capitate
Fagaceae Formanodendron doichangensis Trees to 21 m tall. Young branchlets rust-colored pubescent but dark brown with age. Stipules triangular, pubescent; scar not clear. Petiole 5-12 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
stipule_shape shape: triangular
stipule_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 21.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen. Winter buds terminal, ovoid to ellipsoid, scales spirally imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves spirally arranged. Inflorescences male, female, or androgynous, in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in a dense paniculate cluster on subterminal shoots, ± erect. Male inflorescences erect, simple or branched; flowers usually 3-5(-7) in dichasial clusters; perianth 4-6-lobed; stamens 10-12; rudimentary pistil small, enclosed by hairs. Female flowers solitary or in clusters of (2 or)3(-5), 1 or 2(or 3) well developed; perianth 6-lobed; staminodes 10-12; ovary 3(-6) loculed; styles (2 or)3(-5), (0.5-)1-2(-3) mm; stigmas a terminal pore. Cupules grouped together in cymes on rachis but often many aborted, corky, horny, woody, or crustaceous, completely or partly enclosing nut; bracts variously shaped. Nut 1 per cupule. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons flat-convex (although surface between cotyledons may not be completely flat).
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
cotyledon_shape shape: convex
cotyledon_surface surface: surface
cyme_count min: 2, low: 3
flower_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7
low: 5
inflorescence_count_male low: 1, sex: male
inflorescence_shape_male shape: branched, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
nut_count low: 1
ovary_count low: 3, max: 6
perianth_lobe_count low: 4, high: 6
low: 6
pistil_count low: 1, high: 2, max: 3
rachis_woodiness woodiness: woody
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_count min: 2, low: 3, count_group: cluster
stamen_count low: 10, high: 12
low: 10, high: 12
stigma_count low: 5
stigma_size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus amoenus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate; branchlets and inflorescences densely tawny to grayish brown tomentose. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 12-18 × 4-8 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially covered with ± loose, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially tomentose and with pulveraceous scalelike trichomes when young, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed adaxially, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially usually conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3 in a panicle. Cupule globose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., usually completely enclosing nut; bracts of young cupules linear, 3-6 mm, slightly incurved, cross section terete to nearly so, grayish puberulent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts of mature cupules reduced to scars or apical ones to shortly linear scales. Nut subglobose, 1.6-2.2 × 1.6-2 cm, densely covered with tawny appressed minute hairs; scar at most covering ca. 1/4 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_scales_shape shape: linear
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: incurved
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_inflorescence_color color: gray-brown
branch_inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_count_male low: 3, sex: male
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
panicle_shape shape: spheric
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus amygdalifolius Trees to 30 m tall; young shoots and young leaf blades abaxially densely covered with tawny crisp hairs, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 8-15 × 2.5-4 cm, ca. 20 × 9 cm on young shoots, thickly leathery, abaxially often oily when young and dry, grayish and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes in mature leaf blades, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely undulate near apex to obtusely undulate-dentate, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or obscure. Male inflorescencess solitary or in a panicle; rachis densely pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., smooth, completely enclosing nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts usually fused with cupule into intercepted concentric rings, triangular to multilateral. Nut subglobose 1.8-2 cm in diam., puberulent at apex, wall 1.5-2 mm and slightly thicker than wall of cupule; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Mar-Sep, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
margin: undulate-dentate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 10, high: 16
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
nut_surface surface: smooth
surface: puberulent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_count low: 3
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus apricus Trees 2-5 m tall. Branchlets grayish puberulent at apex, blackish when dry, densely lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 8-15 × 3.5-6 cm, subleathery, with reddish brown, lamellate, glaucous, pulverulous scalelike glands when young, base acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, usually fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences racemose or rarely paniculate, 8-12 cm. Infructescences 5-12 cm; rachis 6-12 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.2 × 1.4-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/2 or slightly more of nut, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, with reddish, lamellate scalelike glands and short hairs. Nut depressed globose, 1.1-1.6 × 1.4-2.2 cm, usually with longitudinal fissures, glabrous, apex ± flat, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar at basal part of nut, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., slightly convex. Fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: red
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: gray, subpart_as_loc: at apex
color: black
branch_surface surface: puberulent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12
infructescence_size_male length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 12.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 2.0, height_high: 5.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus arcaula Trees to 30 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets dark purplish brown. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong, 10-20 × 5-8 cm, papery, concolorous, without scalelike glands, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Male inflorescences in a panicle or sometimes solitary, 15-30 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences 25-40 cm; rachis pubescent; cupules in clusters of (3-)5-7. Infructescences 20-40 cm; rachis base 8-18 mm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2 cm, wall ± woody; bracts imbricate or sometimes basal ones connate into concentric rings, sometimes triangular, appressed, obscure. Nut depressed conical, 1.4-2 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, ± white farinose, wall thin; scar 8-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
branch_color color: purple-brown
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_count low: 12, high: 15
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 8.0, thickness_high: 18.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
rachis_woodiness woodiness: woody
solitary_size_male length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus areca Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets grayish, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, 13-25 × 3.5-5.5 cm, papery, concolorous, both surfaces glabrous or with tuft of hairs at axils of veins, both ends attenuate, base decurrent on petiole, margin with a few sharp teeth from middle to apex or sometimes entire; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein and usually adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary or rarely in a panicle, 5-8 cm, densely flowered; rachis slender. Female inflorescences 4-10 cm, often androgynous with female flowers on basal part of rachis; cupules in clusters of 3-5, usually 1 developed. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 1.6-1.8 cm in diam., covering base of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-4 mm when young, to 8 mm when mature. Nut ellipsoid to long conical but flat at apical part, 4-5 × 2-3.5 cm, with 3 longitudinal obtuse ridges, glabrous, apex pointed, wall 2-3 mm thick; scar 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct, fr. Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: gray
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, location: basal
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface, subpart_as_loc: at axils
surface: glabrous, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 3
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obtuse
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_count low: 9, high: 15
petiole_hair_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
petiole_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_tooth_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: slender
shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus attenuatus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of last-year growth white farinose. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 7-13 × 2-4 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially glaucous when dry and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or sometimes undulate, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or obscure. Male inflorescences axillary, paniculate or racemose, 10-14 cm; rachis with grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes. Female inflorescences racemose, 10-12 cm; rachis sulcate, with grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules often solitary, scattered. Cupule globose, 3-3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, basally slightly narrowed into a stalk, wall less than 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; basal bracts united into concentric rings, triangular, apical ones reduced to a subulate tip or a wartlike appendage, small and obscure. Nut subglobose, 2-2.5 × 1.8-2.8 cm, white farinose, base flat, apex slightly narrowed and obtuse, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 7-12 mm in diam., concave to 1-1.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Jun-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
bract_tip_shape shape: subulate
branch_color color: white
fruit_shape shape: concave
fruit_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: obtuse
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 13
petiole_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_color color: gray
color: gray
rachis_shape shape: sulcate
rachis_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
solitary_shape shape: spheric
stalk_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus bacgiangensis Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or occasionally ovate, 10-15 × 3-6 cm, papery, ± rigid, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3-5 arranged in a panicle; rachis densely scurfy. Female and androgynous inflorescences with cupules in cluster of 2 or 3. Infructescences 8-18 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.5-1 × 1.2-2 cm, enclosing rarely 1/2 of nut, basally with a stalk 3-5 mm, wall to 2 mm and woody near base; bracts triangular, small, densely tawny scurfy. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1-2 × 1.2-2.5 cm, densely covered with tawny minute hairs, apex rounded to pointed; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Mar, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_base_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: scurfy
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
infructescence_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_axil_count_male low: 3, high: 5, sex: male
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
stalk_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
stalk_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, location: basal
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus balansae Trees to 30 m tall. Branches of last-year growth yellowish gray, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 10-38 × 5-13 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially glaucous when dry and with waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and ± decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins reticulate, conspicuous on both surfaces. Male inflorescences paniculate; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 5-7 scattered on rachis. Infructescences ca. 15 cm; rachis base 6-10 mm thick. Cupule obovoid, subglobose, or irregularly shaped, to 5 × 8 cm, completely enclosing nut, wall 0.5-1.5 cm thick and corky; bracts reduced to spiral or concentric lines. Nut subglobose, 2.5-3.5 × 2-3 cm, wall 2-3 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Cotyledons plicate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: yellow-gray
cotyledon_leaf_folding leaf_folding: plicate
infructescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 38.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: surface
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_count low: 5, high: 7, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: obovoid
shape: subglobose
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus bonnetii Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets stout, terete, tawny tomentose. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, thick; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, 15-24 × 6-9 cm, leathery, abaxially tawny tomentose when young, base narrowed, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex acute; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, apical ones abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous, ± parallel. Infructescences 6-13 cm; rachis tawny tomentose. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but only 1 or 2 devel- oped, 0.8-1 × 1.6-1.8 cm, enclosing slightly more than 1/2 of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-3 mm, puberulent. Nut depressed conical, 1.2-1.4 × 1.4-1.6 cm, apex narrowed, wall less than 0.5 mm thick; scar 8-9 mm in diam., deeply concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_shape shape: terete
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_count low: 12, high: 16
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus brachystachyus Trees 3-8 m tall; bud scales and young leaf blades often with brown ± translucent resin when dry. Branchlets dark brown to blackish when dry, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 3-7 × 1-3 cm, rigidly leathery, dark brown when dry, abaxially with grayish adherent waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to caudate-acuminate with tip obtuse to rounded. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, rarely in clusters of 2-4, 3-5 cm; rachis slender, 1-2 mm thick. Female inflorescences rarely over 5 cm; rachis grayish scurfy; cupules 3-10 or solitary; cupule stalks ca. 1 mm, 4-7 mm in fruit. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ± united into concentric rings from base to middle of cupule, triangular, obscure. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1-1.4 × 1.2-1.6 cm, glabrous, base flat; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Nov or Feb, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: brown
color: black
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: disk
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_scales_color color: brown
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: gray
rachis_shape shape: slender
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm, sex: male
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
solitary_count low: 3, high: 10
stalk_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 3.0, height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown, sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade usually ovate, sometimes elliptic, oblong, or suborbicular, 6-15 × 4-6.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with pulverulent scalelike glands, base broadly cuneate, subrounded, or acute, ± auriculate, and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute, acuminate, or long caudate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous, reticulate. Male inflorescences arranged in a panicle, 4-8 cm; rachis tawny puberulent. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary. Cupule disc-shaped to cupular, rarely to 7 mm, 1.4-2 cm in diam., enclosing 1/8-1/6 of nut, outside tawny puberulent, wall to 3 mm and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, squamose. Nut broadly conical, 1.4-2.2 cm in diam., often ± white farinose, apex shortly pointed or flat, wall ca. 3 mm thick near base; scar at base of nut, 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
disk_shape shape: cupular
disk_size length_low: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 13
low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: auriculate
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_base_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
panicle_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus calolepis Trees ca. 15 m tall. Young branchlets dark purplish brown, conspicuously sulcate. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, 8-15 × 2.5-5 cm, rigidly papery, base shortly cuneate to broadly so, margin entire, apex shortly to long acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female and androgynous inflorescences 6-18 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 6-10 mm thick, basally minutely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.5-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, basally narrowed; bracts triangular to rhomboid, squamate, appressed, with grayish puberulent scalelike glands, sometimes basal ones connate into 2 or 3 concentric rings. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 2-2.5 cm, apex rounded to ± flat, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_gland_color color: gray
bract_gland_surface surface: puberulent
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 16
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_count low: 2, high: 3, location: basal
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus calophyllus Trees to 28 m tall. Young branchlets sparsely puberulent above middle; branchlets of last year growth blackish, lenticellate. Petiole 2.5-5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 8-15 × 4-9 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely tawny to rusty scurfy when young and ± glaucous with age, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded to slightly auriculate and sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to acuminate with a caudate tip; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, less than 3 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis 5-6 mm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary on basal part of rachis. Cupule 0.5-1 × 1.5-2.5 cm, shallowly cupular, enclosing 1/6-1/5 of nut, wall to 3 mm thick and thickly woody near base. Nut 1.5-2 × 1.8-2.6 cm, often slightly white farinose, apex flat with a ± concave to shortly pointed center, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: black
branch_surface surface: puberulent, location: above
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 11
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: caudate
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_base_size thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
panicle_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 28.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus carolineae Trees to 20 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences and leaf blade vein axils. Branchlets of current year sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, 13-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, dark brown when dry, with tuft of stellate hairs on axils of veins, base cuneate, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex shortly caudate; secondary veins 15-20 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth or abruptly curving apically near margin and gradually obscured. Infructescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-1.5 × 3-4 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, dark brown when dry, basally with a short stalk; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, base rhomboid, midvein thickened. Nut depressed globose, 2.4-3 × 4-4.5 cm, ± glossy, apex flat with a ± concave center, wall 6-10 mm thick; scar 2.5-3 cm in diam., margin concave but center ± convex. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_base_shape shape: rhomboid
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_venation venation: midrib
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_leaf_axil_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 15, high: 20
nut_margin_shape shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus caudatilimbus Trees 15-25 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate. Petiole 3-4 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 7-14 × 3-8 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex abruptly acute, shortly caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 6-10 cm. Female inflorescences solitary or in pairs, terminal on branches; cupules stalked, often solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2.5-3 × 2-2.5 cm including stalk, enclosing 1/2-3/4 of nut, wall (0.5-)1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, wartlike, apical ones reduced to scars. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-1.8 × 1.8-2.3 cm, glabrous, base flat, wall. ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_min: 0.5, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 6, high: 10
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
solitary_shape shape: stalked
stalk_shape shape: subglobose
stalk_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus chifui Trees to 20 m tall. Young branchlets slightly sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2.8 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 15-30 × 6-12 cm, leathery, abaxially with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish brown when dry, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, often fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate, basal spike 3-4 cm; rachis tawny scurfy. Female inflorescences 10-18 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 17 cm; rachis base 6-10 mm thick, basal part lenticellate and without fruit. Cupule globose, 2.5-3 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts squamose when young, in 3-5 thin concentric ridges on mature cupule. Nut subglobose, 1.8-2 cm in diam., apex with minute tawny hairs, wall 2-2.5 mm thick and woody; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 5
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
missing missing_part: without fruit
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_count low: 10, high: 14
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
petiole_trichome_color color: gray-brown
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
spike_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: basal
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus chiungchungensis Trees 5-10 m tall; branchlets and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny pubescent. Petiole 0.8-1.2 cm; leaf blade obovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 6-15 × 2-5 cm, rigidly papery, pubescent but early glabrescent, abaxially ± glaucous and with waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate, apex caudate-acuminate; midvein pilose abaxially; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous or not visible. Male inflorescences sometimes androgynous, 2-5 cm; rachis with short, tomentose hairs. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences 9-15 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule globose to ± depressed, 1.5-2 cm in diam., usually completely enclosing nut, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous when dry; bracts triangular to shortly subulate, small. Nut depressed globose, 0.7-1.2 × 1.2-1.8 cm, glabrous, apex flat; scar ± concave. Fl. Jul, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: subulate
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
inflorescence_surface surface: pubescent
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: caudate-acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 10, high: 14
petiole_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_hair_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus chrysocomus Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets of current year and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny puberulent and with scurfy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or rarely lanceolate, (6-)8-15 × (1.5-)2.5-5.5 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely covered with lax yellowish brown to reddish brown, scurfy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in paniculate clusters, usually androgynous. Female inflorescences in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences less than 5 cm; developed cupules 2-6. Cupule subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, puberulent and with rust-colored scalelike trichomes when young, apex subulate and spreading. Nut subglobose but broadest apically, 1.7-1.8 × 1.2-2 cm, densely covered with tawny, appressed minute hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: subulate
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 13
inflorescence_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_shape shape: subglobose
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_count low: 2, high: 6
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cinereus Trees. Branches glabrous; branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 8-11 × 2-3.5 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially grayish green, dark grayish brown when dry, and with waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or obscurely undulate near apex and ± recurved, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescences 8-10 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick, basally lenticellate; lenticels brown; cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but only 1 developed. Cupule cupular, 1.6-2.2 × 2-2.5 cm, broadest slightly from middle to apex, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, basally narrowed, wall 2-4 mm thick; basal bracts fused to wall except for a subulate tip, triangular, with lax dark grayish brown waxy scalelike trichomes, apical ones smaller, imbricate. Nut broadly conical, 1.6-2 × 1.6-2 cm, densely covered with tawny appressed minute hairs, wall 1-1.5 mm; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex but margin impressed. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
bract_tip_shape shape: fused
shape: subulate
bract_trichome_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
habit habit: lax
infructescence_count low: 11, high: 15
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: recurved
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-green
color: gray-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_count low: 3
lenticel_shape shape: cupular
nut_margin_shape shape: convex
nut_margin_venation venation: impressed
nut_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 1
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cleistocarpus Trees 5-10 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong, 9-16 × 3-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, laxly spaced. Male inflorescences solitary in a paniculate cluster; rachis with lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Female and androgynous inflorescences with cupules in clusters of 3-5 scattered on rachis. Infructescences 7-10 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose or turbinate, 2-2.5 cm in diam., enclosing 2/3 to most of nut, apically flat, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick at middle; basal bracts fused to wall and reduced to scars, apically triangular, appressed, and covered with tawny or grayish brown, minute, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut turbinate, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, apex slightly concave, ± flat, or arcuate-convex; scar covering 1/2-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. summer to winter of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
infructescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: arcuate-convex
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_count low: 7, high: 10
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cleistocarpus var. cleistocarpus Young leaves usually with oily resin when dry. Cupule globose, enclosing most of nut, wall with tawny scalelike trichomes. Nut hairy; scar covering more than 2/3 of nut. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. autumn and winter of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_surface surface: hairy
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cleistocarpus var. omeiensis Young leaves without oily resins when dry. Petiole 1-2 cm or rarely longer. Cupule turbinate, enclosing 2/3-4/5 of nut, wall with grayish brown scalelike trichomes. Nut glabrous; scar covering 1/2 to essentially all of nut. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_trichome_color color: gray-brown
petiole_shape shape: turbinate
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus collettii Trees 8-25 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown, sulcate, sparsely hairy and with early glabrescent, stellate scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, (6-)15-28 × 3.5-5(-11) cm, thinly papery to rigid and crustaceous, abaxially with scalelike trichomes when young and glaucous with age, base attenuate, decurrent on petiole, and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute, acuminate, or shortly caudate; midvein sparsely hairy abaxially; secondary veins (6-)14-20 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick, obscurely lenticellate; cupules in clusters of 3-5 but 1 or 2 developed. Cupule cupular, 4-10 mm × 1.5-2.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts broadly triangular, with grayish minute hairs. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, apex flat to rounded; scar 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_hair_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: hairy
branch_trichome_shape shape: stellate
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 15.0, length_high: 28.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 11.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_count min: 6, low: 14, high: 20
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hairy
petiole_trichome_color color: glaucous
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus confinis Trees to 10 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets blackish when dry. Petiole rarely to 1 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 5-13 × 1.2-3.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially ± glaucous and with scalelike glands, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate to obtuse; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, irregularly spaced, sometimes ramified far from margin; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle; rachis glabrous or subglabrous. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2-6 at apex of branches; rachis ± puberulent, with tawny scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 4-7 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-3 mm × 1-1.6 cm, covering only base of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, very small, appressed, with puberulent scalelike glands. Nut depressed globose to rarely conical, 1-1.8 × 1.4-2 cm, sometimes ± white farinose, apex ± flat with a concave center to rarely shortly pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 5-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_gland_surface surface: puberulent
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: black
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 6, count_group: cluster, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_gland_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 12, high: 16
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
shape: slender
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus Trees usually less than 15 m tall. Branchlets light tawny, dark gray, or silver-gray, glabrous or pubescent, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels raised. Leaves usually congested at apex of branches; petiole 0.5-4.5 cm; leaf blade (5-)10-15 × 2-4.5 cm, papery to leathery, concolorous, with ± translucent, minute (visible under hand lens) scalelike glands, base cuneate to subrounded and symmetric or oblique, margin dentate, shallowly undulate, or rarely entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9-26 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences often with female flowers borne at base of rachis; Female inflorescences less than 10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescences 5-7; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule cupular to subglobose, 2.2-4.5 × 2.5-5.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall (1-)2-3 mm thick, woody, and basally thickened; bracts triangular to rhomboid, center and margin ridged or fused with cupule and ± united into concentric rings. Nut subglobose to turbinate, rarely glabrous, apex rounded, flat, or slightly concave, wall ± horny and usually thicker than wall of cupule; scar covering 1/2 to most of nut, convex. Cotyledons 4-8-lobed. Fl. almost all year around but mainly May-Jul, fr. maturing on 1-year-old branchlets.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_margin_shape shape: fused
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch_color color: gray
color: silver-gray
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
cotyledon_lobe_count low: 4, high: 8
fruit_count low: 1
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 26
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 5, high: 7
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf_margin margin: dentate
margin: undulate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: slender
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: turbinate
shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_min: 1.0, thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
solitary_count low: 3
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. angustifolius Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 2.5-3.8 × 1-2.3 cm, abaxially with branched, short hairs when young, usually sparsely pilose on midvein, occasionally with tuft of hairs at axils of veins. Cupule 2-3 cm in diam. Nut hairy at apex, wall thicker than that of cupule.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: branched
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: hairy, subpart_as_loc: at apex
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. corneus Petiole 0.5-4 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-oblong, or ovate, 4-20 × 1.5-7 cm, with ± translucent, minute (visible under hand lens) scalelike glands. Cupule 2.2-4.5 × 2.5-5.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts triangular to rhomboid, center and margin ridged. Nut subglobose to turbinate, rarely glabrous, apex rounded, flat, or slightly concave, wall ± horny and usually thicker than wall of cupule; scar covering ca. 1/2 to most of nut.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: turbinate
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.2, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. fructuosus Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade abaxially with tuft of hairs at axils of veins. Cupule 1.5-2.5 cm in diam. Nut rounded, 1.5-2 cm in diam., apex pointed, wall 2-4 mm thick and slightly thicker than wall of cupule.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
nut_shape shape: orbicular
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. hainanensis Petiole 1-2(-3.5) cm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-oblong, or rarely elliptic, abaxially sparsely covered with short, early glabrescent stellate hairs, sometimes short hairs remaining on midvein and secondary veins. Cupule apically flat or slightly convex, outside densely hairy. Nut wall much thicker than cupule wall.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: convex
leaf_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. rhytidophyllus Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade adaxially bullate. Cupule less than 2 cm in diam. Nut convex at apex.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_shape shape: bullate
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus var. zonatus Petiole 2-4.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, variable in size, large blades ca. 20 × 6 cm, small blades ca. 7 × 2 cm, sparsely pubescent on midvein or sometimes abaxially at axils of veins. Cupule 3.5-4.5 × 4-5 cm. Nut with appressed minute hairs, glabrescent, apex flat but with center slightly impressed, wall rigidly horny and 2-4 × thicker than wall of cupule.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 6.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: at axils
venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
nut_apex_venation venation: impressed
nut_hair_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus craibianus Trees to 20 m tall; young branchlets, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of female inflorescences covered with tawny to grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 12-19 × 4-7 cm, leathery, adaxially oily when young and dry, base acute to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to very slender. Male inflorescences axillary or rarely paniculate, to 15 cm. Female or androgynous inflorescences to 30 cm; cupules in clusters of 5-7. Cupule globose to slightly depressed, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apically with a short, convex nipple, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, subulate, appressed, with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut subglobose, 1.3-1.8 cm, 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., sparsely covered with appressed minute hairs especially at apex, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: subulate
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence_color color: gray
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12
low: 5, high: 7, count_group: cluster
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_shape shape: spheric
inflorescence_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: convex
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus crassifolius Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when dry, lenticellate. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 5-9 × 3-5 cm, rigidly leathery, yellowish brown when dry, abaxially covered with appressed hairs on midvein and with waxy scalelike trichomes when young, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and slightly recurved, apex rounded, obtuse, or rarely acute; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, sometimes ramified near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick, glabrous, lenticellate; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.2 × 1.5-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, with loose, rust-colored, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed, 1-1.2 × 1.5-1.8 cm, glabrous; scar covering 1/4-1/3 of nut, convex but margins ± impressed. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: brown
infructescence_count low: 6, high: 9
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_margin_shape shape: convex
nut_margin_venation venation: impressed
nut_shape shape: cupular
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cryptocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 18-25 × 6-8 cm, papery, concolorous or abaxially ± glaucous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis base 7-10 mm thick, scurfy. Cupule depressed globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 2.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, grayish brown when dry. Nut slightly depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., glabrous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar slightly concave, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: concave
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 18.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: glaucous
petiole_count low: 10, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cucullatus Trees ca. 15 m tall; young branchlets and young leaf blades tawny tomentose. Branchlets of last-year growth blackish, obscurely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 6-11 × 1.5-3 cm, rigidly papery, adaxially with a thick layer of tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes and sometimes with minute wrinkles when dry, base cuneate, margin entire or sometimes shallowly undulate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Androgynous inflorescence to 18 cm; rachis densely tawny tomentose with short hairs. Female inflorescences 6-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 4-5 cm. Cupule obconic, ca. 1.7 cm, enclosing most of nut, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; basal bracts fused to wall and reduced to scars, apically separate from wall by a subulate apex, appressed, and ovate-triangular, tawny puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes when young, glabrescent. Nut broadly conical, ca. 1.4 cm in diam., with appressed minute hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: subulate
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: ovate-triangular
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: black
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_shape shape: obconic
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.4, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_hair_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus cyrtocarpus Trees 10-18 m tall. Branchlets densely pubescent and with early glabrescent, brown long hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 5-10 × 2-4 cm, papery, concolorous, abaxially covered with stellate, minute scalelike trichomes and sparsely pilose on midvein, adaxially crisply pubescent when young, base acute and sometimes ± asymmetric, margin with a few undulate teeth, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, 3-6 cm; rachis slender, sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-5 cm; cupules solitary or in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule disc- to bowl-shaped, 1-2 × 3.5-4.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thickly woody; bracts clawlike, woody when dry, apex curved. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2.2 × 4-5 cm, densely tawny pubescent, apex flat, wall 1-1.5 cm thick and horny; scar 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., concave but with center conspicuously convex. Fl. Apr and Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: curved
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_hair_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
disk_count low: 3
disk_shape shape: saucerlike
disk_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: stellate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_margin margin: undulate
leaf_trichome_surface surface: pilose
leaf_trichome_venation venation: midrib
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: slender
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus damiaoshanicus Trees 5-9 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate; branchlets of last-year growth dark gray to blackish when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels tawny. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, white farinose when dry; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, 5.5-13 × 2-6 cm, often asymmetric, thickly leathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially white farinose when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate and falcate; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident to inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary; rachis covered with lax, rust-colored, lamellate scalelike trichomes. Female inflorescence: cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but usually 1 or 2 developed. Infructescences rarely over 10 cm; rachis 4-8 mm thick, basally without fruit and sparsely lenticellate. Cupule broadly turbinate, 2-2.5 × 2-3 cm, completely or almost completely enclosing nut, apically flat, wall 3-5 mm thick in middle; basal bracts reduced to scars but apically imbricate to ± arranged in rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly depressed turbinate, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., puberulent, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering 1/2-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Nov-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: gray
color: black
branch_shape shape: sulcate
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count low: 3
infructescence_count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 5.5, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
missing missing_part: without fruit
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: falcate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: white
color: white
petiole_count low: 6, high: 9
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 9.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus dealbatus Trees rarely to 20 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, rachis of inflorescences, and scales of cupule tawny tomentose with short hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2-5 cm, thickly papery to leathery, concolorous or abaxially grayish and with waxy scale, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely apically shallowly undulate, apex acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially slightly raised and usually sparsely pubescent; secondary veins (8-)10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, ± parallel. Male inflorescences clustered at apex of branches, rarely to 15 cm. Female inflorescences sometimes androgynous, rarely to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences usually 5-8 cm. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.4 × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/2 to most of nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed or a few spreading. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, slightly smaller than cupule, apex rounded, ± flat, or rarely convex, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 (-1/2) of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count min: 8, low: 10, high: 13
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_scales_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius Trees ca. 10 m tall. Young shoots ± sulcate; branchlets of last year growth obscurely lenticellate. Petiole 4-8 mm, base ± thickened; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 5-14 × 1-2 cm, rigidly leathery, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or acute and usually slightly recurved; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially inconspicuous, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins not visible. Male inflorescences unknown. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis slender, 1.5-3 mm thick, conspicuously lenticellate. Cupules solitary, scattered on rachis, discoid, 3-6 mm × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thickly woody; bracts spirally arranged or basal ones united into concentric rings, triangular, small, appressed, tawny tomentose. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 1-1.4 cm, base flat, apex pointed; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_apex_shape shape: obtuse
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 8, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: recurved
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: slender
shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
tree_shape shape: sulcate
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus ducampii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinophorus Trees ca. 15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences covered with early glabrescent, short hairs. Branchlets blackish when dry, inconspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, 9-15 × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescences ca. 10 cm; rachis ca. 1.2 cm thick; immature cupules in clusters of ca. 3, oblong when young, apically flat. Cupule enclosing all of nut or occasionally only 1/2, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts linear to subulate, ± curved. Nut depressed globose; scar concave but center ± convex. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: subulate
shape: curved
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: black
infructescence_count low: 10, high: 17
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
shape: convex
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: oblong
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.2, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinophorus var. bidoupensis Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-14 × 2-4 cm, abaxially with sparse and slender hairs; secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein, not fusing. Cupule depressed globose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts linear to subulate, 2-3 mm, curved to appressed, with tawny waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut glabrous, apex ± flat; scar concave, 1.5-2 cm in diam. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: subulate
shape: curved
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_count low: 12, high: 14
leaf_hair_shape shape: slender
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinophorus var. chapensis Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 10-12 × 3 cm, glabrous; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin. Cupule depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 3-3.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ca. 3/4 of nut, wall crustaceous; bracts many, curved linear, 5-8 mm. Nut depressed globose, 2.2-2.5 cm in diam.; scar 1.5-1.8 cm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: spheric
shape: curved-linear
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf_count low: 10, high: 15
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinophorus var. echinophorus Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 9-15 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially pubescent at least on midvein when young, glabrescent, glaucous, and with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein. Cupule usually enclosing all of nut; bracts imbricate, linear, ± curved, basal ones ca. 1.5 mm, apical ones 3-4 mm, scurfy. Nut depressed globose, 1-1.2 × 1.4-1.8 cm. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
bract_surface surface: scurfy
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 13, high: 17
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, location: apical
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus echinotholus Trees 10-20 m tall; young branchlets and leaf blades abaxially covered with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to rarely obovate-elliptic, 15-35 × 5-11 cm, rigidly papery, brown to brownish gray when dry, base acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences axillary, 8-12 cm. Female inflorescences 10-15 cm; rachis slender, densely pubescent, sometimes with a few male flowers near apex; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose, 1-2 × 2-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, often apically split, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts linear, curved, 3-5 mm, tawny appressed pubescent. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.5 × 2-2.8 cm, with tawny appressed ± glossy long hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
leaf_color color: brown
color: brown-gray
leaf_count low: 11, high: 14
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_shape_male shape: slender, sex: male
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface_male surface: pubescent, sex: male
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year covered with early glabrescent, tawny crisp hairs; branches of last-year growth blackish brown, with gray to pale yellowish brown, lamellate wax layer, densely and minutely lenticellate. Petiole 5-8(-10 or more) mm, base thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to sometimes narrowly oblanceolate, 7-15 × 1-2.5 cm, rigidly papery, with tawny crisp hairs on both surfaces when young, soon glabrescent, adaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences terminal panicles, 3-7 cm; rachis tomentose with tawny, short hairs. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 18 cm. Female inflorescence with rachis 2-3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 1-1.2 × 1.4-1.7 cm, enclosing 3/4-4/5 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, squamose, appressed, tawny scurfy. Nut ± depressed globose, 1-1.2 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous, apex ± pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: scurfy
branch_color color: black-brown
color: gray
color: yellow-brown
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.1, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 10
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray-brown
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_count low: 5, high: 8
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus elizabethiae Trees 9-15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 9-17 × 2-4 cm, thickly papery, concolorous to ± glaucous abaxially, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences 3-many in a panicle, sometimes solitary in axils of leaves; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-4 congested at apex of branches; cupules usually in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 4-6(-10) mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 1.5-3 × 1.5-2.8 cm, usually enclosing nut, apically abruptly narrowed and slightly elongated into a nipple, wall apically ca. 2 mm thick and basally to 4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular to rhomboid, apical ones incurved. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 1.4-2.4 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.3-1.6 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
shape: incurved
bract_size thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
branch_leaf_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 4, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_count_male low: 3, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: glaucous
petiole_count low: 13, high: 16
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_max: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 9.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus elmerrillii Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, glabrous, dark brown when dry. Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-elliptic, 10-17 × 3-6 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with adherent waxy scale and glaucous when dry, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically; tertiary veins slender, evident. Female inflorescences rachis 6-7 mm thick; cupules solitary, scattered above middle of rachis. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.6-1 × 1.7-2.5 cm, basally narrowed into a stalk, wall woody; basal bracts usually united into concentric rings, others imbricate, triangular, appressed, apical ones smaller. Nut subglobose to depressed globose, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall to 2.5 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.6 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_color color: glaucous
petiole_count low: 9, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
stalk_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
stalk_woodiness woodiness: woody
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus eriobotryoides Trees 10-15 m tall; branches of current year and leaf blades abaxially with tawny stellate or forked long hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, obovate, or sometimes elliptic, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, base cuneate to broadly so and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, partly fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, ± parallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences ca. 12 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.8-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/8-1/5 of nut, wall to 2 mm thick and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, puberulent. Nut conical to ellipsoid, 2.5-3 × 1-1.5 cm, apex ± flattened, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar ca. 1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 12.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_base_size thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 12, high: 16
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: parallel
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus fangii Trees 8-15 m tall. Branchlets ± sulcate, tawny tomentose. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade obovate, elliptic, oblanceolate, or oblong, 5-10(-16) × 2-3(-4) cm, ± thickly papery, abaxially covered with appressed hairs more densely along midvein, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute and shortly caudate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences congested at apex of branches, to 12 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences terminal, to 15 cm. Female inflorescence with rachis 3-4 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule bowl-shaped, 7-9 mm × 1.8-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed, tawny scurfy. Nut subglobose, glabrous, apex ± narrowed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: scurfy
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size_male length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: terminal
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 11
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, location: terminal
inflorescence_size length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus farinulentus Trees 6-12 m tall. Branches glabrous, light brown, ± oily when dry. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to elliptic, 8-15 × 3-7 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially ± glaucous and with appressed, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Female inflorescences often with a few male flowers above middle of rachis, 8-22 cm; rachis 1.5-2.5 mm thick, glabrous or pulverulous; cupules in clusters of 2 or 3 but often solitary on basal part of rachis. Infructescences to 20 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 3-5 × 8-10 mm, enclosing basal part of nut, basally with a stalk 3-4 × 3-4 mm, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; bracts almost fused with cupule wall, basal ones united into 6-8 concentric rings, triangular, small. Nut broadly conical, 7-10 × 7-12 mm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall ca. 5 mm thick; scar 4-5 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 6, high: 8, location: basal
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 8, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
rachis_size_male length_low: 8.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
solitary_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster, location: basal
stalk_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: mm, location: basal
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus fenestratus Trees 25-30 m tall. Branchlets of current year pubescent or with tawny lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 5-10 mm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 5-22 × 2-7 cm, papery to thickly papery, abaxially with yellowish gray to gray, adherent, waxy or lamellate scalelike trichomes, base cuneate to narrowly so and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein, sometimes adaxially impressed, abruptly arcuate apically near margin, apical ones often fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, numerous, subparallel. Male inflorescences usually in a panicle. Female inflorescences to 25 cm. Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3, only 1 or 2 developed. Cupule depressed globose, 1-2.8 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, sparsely covered with minute hairs and brown waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, wall 0.4-1 mm thick; scar 1-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_hair_color color: brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_trichome_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.4, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: yellow-gray
color: gray
petiole_count low: 12, high: 17
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_margin_shape shape: arcuate
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 25.0, height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus fenzelianus Trees to 30 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, 10-18 × 3-6 cm, leathery, leaf blades of last year abaxially brownish gray to grayish and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate from middle to apex, apex caudate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, usually impressed adaxially; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescence ca. 15 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 10 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule globose to depressed globose, 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular when young, fused into 6-8 concentric rings on mature cupules, squamose. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., apex puberulent, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar covering more than 2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: fused
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_color color: brown-gray
color: gray
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_surface surface: puberulent
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 7, high: 10
petiole_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus floccosus Trees 7-10 m tall; young branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely floccose-tomentose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, abaxially with minute scalelike glands and floccose-tomentose but glabrescent, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute to shortly caudate and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Inflorescences usually androgynous, 8-15 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 5-9 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing 1/5-1/3 of nut, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick but basally × thickened; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, sparsely puberulent. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam., ± white farinose; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., ± concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 9
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_surface surface: floccose
surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus fohaiensis Trees to 25 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences and nuts. Petiole 1-3 cm, base thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, 15-24 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base broadly cuneate, decurrent on petiole, and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary or clustered; rachis densely tawny pubescent or sometimes glabrescent. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2 or 3 at apex of branches, to 25 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 0.8-1.3 × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts ± connate into concentric and ± raised rings, broadly triangular, densely rusty puberulent. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1.4-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, densely tawny to rusty farinose. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_size length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_nut_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 11, high: 16
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus fordianus Trees usually less than 10 m tall; branchlets, leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences rachis tawny pilose and with stellate hairs. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-25 × 3-9 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin at least near apex remotely dentate, apex acute, caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins (15-)20-28 on each side of midvein, basal ones fusing near margin, apical ones ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Inflorescences usually androgynous, 3-10 cm; male flower on distal 1/2. Female inflorescence cupules fewer than 10, in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 2-3 × 2.5-3.5 cm, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular to rhomboid, center and margin ridged, tawny puberulent and scurfy or rarely glabrescent. Nut turbinate, ca. 2 × 3 cm, hairy, apex rounded or flat, wall 4-10 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
inflorescence_count min: 15, low: 20, high: 28
low: 10
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: dentate
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: turbinate
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_hair_shape shape: stellate
rachis_hair_surface surface: pilose
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
solitary_count low: 3
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus formosanus Trees tall. Young shoots ± sulcate, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.3 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic and ± recurved, 5-8 × 2-3 cm, thickly leathery, rigid and crustaceous when dry, abaxially glaucous, turning grayish brown when dry, and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex rounded; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised or not; tertiary veins not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences congested at apex of branches, 3-6 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 3 cm; rachis equaling branches in thickness. Cupule discoid, ca. 3 mm × 1.2 cm; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, grayish tomentose. Nut broadly conical, ca. 1.3 × 1.6 cm, glabrous, apex pointed; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_shape shape: disk
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: gray-brown
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: recurved
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.3, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 7, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
tree_shape shape: sulcate
tree_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Lithocarpus gaoligongensis Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets of current year densely dark gray puberulent. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 15-20 × 5-8 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely pilose and scurfy on midvein when young, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, obscure. Infructescences to 7 cm; rachis ca. 9 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule shallowly cupular, 1-1.4 × 2-2.6 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, wall basally woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, thickened, adaxially ± raised, gray puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.4 cm, apex rounded; scar concave. Fl. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: gray
branch_surface surface: puberulent
infructescence_count low: 12, high: 15
infructescence_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 9.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus garrettianus Trees ca. 20 m tall. Branchlets stout, densely tawny tomentose. Petiole 1-2 cm, stout, hairy; leaf blade oblanceolate to sometimes ovate, 12-22 × 4-8 cm, leathery, tawny tomentose when young, abaxially glabrescent but with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes with age, base cuneate, apex acute; midvein abaxially pilose; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences spicate or paniculate; rachis tomentose. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule ca. 1.5 × 2-2.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ± 2/3 of nut, outside hairy, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts 4-6 mm, squamose when young but elongating after flowering and linear and curved in fruit. Nut depressed globose, 0.8-1.2 × 1.2-1.5 cm, apex ± pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. in Autumn of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_shape shape: linear
shape: curved
fruit_size length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 13
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_shape_male shape: spicate, sex: male
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: hairy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hairy
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus glaber Trees to 15 m tall; branchlets and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny tomentose. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose when young; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, 6-12 × 2.5-5.5 cm, leathery to thickly papery, abaxially with dense scalelike glands and shortly tomentose when young, base cuneate, margin entire or with 2-4 teeth on apical part, apex abruptly acute, shortly acute, or long acuminate; secondary veins rarely over 10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially usually not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle or solitary in leaf axils, to 15 cm. Female inflorescences often with a few male flowers; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences ca. 6 cm; rachis usually pubescent. Cupule plate- to cupular, 5-10 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/5-2/5 of nut, wall to 1.5 mm and woody near base; bracts imbricate or connate into concentric rings, triangular, small, appressed, densely puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 1.2-2.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, ± white glaucous, apex pointed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 3-5(-8) mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Nov, fr. Jul-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 10
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_count low: 2, high: 4, location: apical
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_base_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_color color: white-glaucous
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus grandifolius Trees 10-15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, or sometimes oblong, 15-40 × 5-15 cm, leathery to rigidly papery, concolorous, base often oblique and ± auriculate, subrounded, or rarely cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 13-20 on each side of midvein, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences usually solitary, occasionally 3-many in a panicle; rachis tomentose with short hairs, rarely glabrescent. Female inflorescences terminal, usually in pairs, to 20 cm; rachis base 1-1.6 cm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, usually 1 or 2 developed. Cupule cupular, ca. 2.6 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-2/3 of nut, wall to 4 mm near base and woody; basal bracts often connate into horizontal ridges, broadly ovate to broadly rhomboid, puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2.2 × 2-2.6 cm, apex flat and ± concave or rarely rounded and pointed, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; scar 1.6-2 cm in diam., concave but center sometimes convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: rhomboid
bract_size length_low: 2.6, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 20
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
shape: auriculate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
shape: orbicular
nut_base_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.6, thickness_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_hair_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
solitary_count_male low: 3, sex: male
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus gymnocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches and glabrous. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 11-13 × 3-5 cm, papery, concolorous, abaxially with early glabrescent stellate hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin usually entire or rarely apically with 1-3 obtuse teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 16-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis base 7-10 mm thick, scurfy. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 3 cm in diam., covering basal 1/4 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, appressed, warty, grayish brown when dry. Nut slightly depressed globose, 2-2.5 × (3-)4.5 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 5 mm thick; scar concave but rarely with convex center, ca. 2 cm in diam. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_shape shape: convex
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 18
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 11.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_min: 3.0, width_low: 4.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_tooth_count low: 1, high: 3
petiole_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus haipinii Trees to 30 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely with grayish to tawny long hairs. Petiole 2-3.5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, obovate, or obovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 4-8 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely pilose, margin recurved, apex rounded to acute, sometimes shortly cuneate, and often asymmetric; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, secondary and tertiary veins adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, densely brown tomentose. Female inflorescences shorter than male, usually terminal at apex of branches, 6-14 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Young cupules completely enclosing nut; bracts linear. Mature cupules plate-shaped, 3-6 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, wall ± woody; bracts reflexed, tip hooked. Nut subglobose but slightly depressed, 1.8-2.6 × 2-3 cm, white farinose when young, base flat; scar 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_size_male length_low: 6.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 13
inflorescence_hair_color color: gray
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
nut_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
panicle_color_male color: brown, sex: male
panicle_surface_male surface: tomentose, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus hancei Trees usually less than 15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets ± tawny to gray, usually with a thin layer of translucent wax. Petiole 0.5-4 cm; leaf blade variable in shape and size, ovate, broadly elliptic, obovate-elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, thinly papery to rigidly leathery, concolorous and sometimes adaxially white farinose when dry, base usually decurrent on petiole, margin entire and ± recurved, apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 6-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially obscure, reticulate. Male inflorescences usually in a panicle, sometimes with female flowers from base to middle, rarely longer than 10 cm; rachis sometimes twisted. Female inflorescences 2-many congested at apex of branches; cupules usually in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary. Infructescence 6-8 cm; rachis less than 8 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to plate-shaped, 3-7 mm × 1-2 cm, enclosing nearly 1/3 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate and appressed or connate into a few concentric rings, triangular, squamose. Nut depressed globose, subglobose, or broadly conical, 0.8-2 × 0.6-2.5 cm, apex rounded, pointed, or rarely flat, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 5-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: gray
branch_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
fruit_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_color color: white
petiole_count low: 6, high: 13
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_margin_shape shape: recurved
petiole_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
rachis_shape shape: twisted
shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus handelianus Trees to 28 m tall. Branchlets of current year stout, conspicuously sulcate, grayish brown pubescent; branchlets of previous year with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes. Leaves congested at apex of branchlets; petiole 2-3 cm, sturdy with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes; leaf blade elliptic to rarely ovate, 15-20 × 6-9 cm, ca. 45 × 17 cm on stump sprouts, thickly leathery, abaxially pubescent when young, with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes, and pale yellowish gray, usually oily, and shiny when dry, adaxially pubescent on midvein or glabrous, base broadly cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-19 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially subparallel. Male inflorescences terminal or rarely axillary, solitary, ca. 20 cm; rachis covered with appressed short hairs. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis stout. Cupule subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apex narrowed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular-subulate, 2-4 mm, thickened, apex ± curved. Nut conical, 1.6-1.7 cm in diam., with tawny appressed minute hairs, apex narrowed; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., covering base of nut, ± concave at margin but conspicuously convex at center. Fl. May and Aug-Oct, fr. summer-autumn of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: curved
bract_shape shape: triangular-subulate
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: gray-brown
color: yellow-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size length_low: 45.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 17.0, width_units: cm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 19
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
solitary_size_male length_low: 20.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
tree_size height_high: 28.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus harlandii Trees to 18 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets purplish brown, dark brown when dry, sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 7-18 × 3-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with scalelike glands, base often asymmetric and attenuate-cuneate to rarely acute or subrounded, margin obtusely undulate-dentate on apical part or rarely entire, apex caudate and often falcate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Inflorescences terminal at apex of current year's branches. Male inflorescences arranged in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 10-15 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 6-10 mm × 1.4-2 cm, enclosing 1/10-1/6 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, lamellate, puberulent, margin and midvein ± ridged. Nut conical to broadly ellipsoid, 2.2-2.8 × 1.6-2.2 cm, apex rounded to obtuse, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; scar 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_margin_venation venation: midrib
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: purple-brown
color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 13
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: falcate
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate-cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_margin margin: undulate-dentate, location: apical
margin: entire, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
solitary_count low: 3
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus henryi Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 12-22 × 3-6 cm, leathery to rigidly leathery, abaxially with scalelike glands and grayish when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, ± adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in leaf axils, racemose, 10-14 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis tawny puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 7-12 cm; rachis 6-9 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.4 × 1.5-2.4 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall to ca. 1.5 mm thick and ± woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, apical ones often separated. Nut depressed globose, 1.6-2 × 1.8-2.2 cm, often white farinose, apex rounded, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: purple-brown
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 15
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_color color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_base_size thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 9.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus howii Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year terete, densely pubescent; branchlets of 2 or 3 year's growth with scars of bud scales and leaf blades, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to oblong, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, when young abaxially with stellate hairs especially on axils of veins, base cuneate, margin shallowly undulate to obtusely dentate, apex obtuse to acute; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Inflorescences androgynous, spicate; ca. 10 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5), rarely solitary. Infructescence 2-3 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule pear-shaped to subglobose, 5-6 × 4.5-5.5 cm including bracts, completely enclosing nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts clawlike, basally reflexed, apically erect. Nut subglobose, 3-3.5 × ca. 4 cm, apex ± flat, wall 6-10 mm thick but basally ca. 1.5 cm thick, horny; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: subglobose
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
branch_scales_count low: 2, high: 3
branch_shape shape: terete
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 15, high: 18
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_shape shape: spicate
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: undulate
margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus hypoglaucus Trees 10-20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 7-15 × 2-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous when young, abaxially glaucous and often with scurfy scalelike glands with age, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate-cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle, 6-15 cm. Female inflorescences at apex of branches, 7-15 cm; rachis with scurfy scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of (2 or)3. Cupule plate-shaped when mature, 1.5-5 mm × 1.2-1.8 cm, covering on base of nut, wall 0.5-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, with tawny, scurfy scalelike glands. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-2 cm, apex slightly concave to pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_gland_surface surface: scurfy
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, subpart_as_loc: at apex
leaf_gland_color color: glaucous
leaf_gland_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate-cuneate
petiole_count low: 7, high: 9
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_count min: 2, low: 3, count_group: cluster
rachis_gland_surface surface: scurfy
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus irwinii Trees ca. 10 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate, densely tawny pilose, glabrescent; lenticels raised. Petiole usually less than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 7-12 × 2-4 cm, thickly and rigidly leathery, abaxially with reddish brown, scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes and when young sparsely pilose on midvein, adaxially dark brown and often oily when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate from middle to apex and ± recurved, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident to inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves, or 2 or 3 in panicles; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescences 2-5 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule turbinate, 2-2.6 × 1.8-2.4 cm, completely enclosing nut, apically broadest and ± flat, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, center and margin thickened in ridges. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., densely covered with appressed minute hairs, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: pilose
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: scurfy
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
panicle_count_male low: 2, high: 3, sex: male
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_count low: 10, high: 15
petiole_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: undulate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
petiole_margin_shape shape: recurved
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_trichome_surface surface: pilose
petiole_trichome_venation venation: midrib
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_count low: 3
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus iteaphyllus Trees 5-10 m tall. Branchlets of current year conspicuously sulcate, dark reddish brown, glabrous. Petiole 5-8 mm, sometimes to 3 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 8-13 × 2.5-4.5 cm, thick to rigidly papery, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, slender, conspicuous on both surfaces; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence solitary or congested at apex of branches of last-year growth, usually androgynous; rachis with early glabrescent, tawny minute hairs. Male flowers above middle of inflorescence, solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-8 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/8-1/5 of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick with basal part woody; bracts reduced and united into 6-8 irregular concentric rings, with tawny, waxy scalelike glands and sparsely puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 1-1.8 × 1-1.4 cm, glabrous, apex pointed to rounded, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar 5-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 6, high: 8
bract_gland_surface surface: puberulent
bract_shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 6, high: 10
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: surface
surface: surface
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus ithyphyllus Trees to 15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branches of current year conspicuously sulcate. Petiole rarely to 3 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 1-2 × 5-20 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially often white farinose, base rounded to auriculate, margin entire and recurved, apex narrowed and obtuse; secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences sometimes androgynous, often congested at apex of branches, to 10 cm; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-8 cm; rachis puberulent, ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule plate- to shallowly bowl-shaped, 2-4 × 5-8 mm, covering base of nut, wall to 1 mm thick near base; bracts imbricate and appressed or sometimes connate into 3 or 4 concentric rings, triangular, small. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1-1.2 cm, often ± white farinose, base flat, apex pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 3-4 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size_male length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: white
leaf_count low: 12, high: 18
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_margin_shape shape: recurved
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: slender
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_base_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface: puberulent
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus jenkinsii Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets of current year sturdy, lenticellate, glabrous. Petiole ca. 3 cm, base ca. 4 mm thick; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 25-30 × 8-10 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially covered with minute scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and symmetric, margin entire, apex acute and oblique; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins subparallel. Female inflorescences ca. 3; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 15 cm, rachis lenticellate, glabrescent, base 0.9-1.4 cm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3.5-4.5 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall 4-6 mm thick and ± woody when dry; bracts subulate, 6-10 mm, woody and multiangular, base 4-8 mm in diam., apex shortly pointed. Nut subglobose but flat at apex, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., wall ca. 4 mm thick; scar covering more than 3/4 of nut, convex. Fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: subulate
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 15.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_base_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_base_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 0.9, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
solitary_count low: 12, high: 16
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus kawakamii Trees; trunk to 70 cm d.b.h. Branchlets grayish, densely lenticellate. Petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong, 12-25 × 5-7.2 cm, papery to thinly leathery, with scalelike glands when young, abaxially rusty scurfy along midvein, adaxially glabrous, base acute to attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin with a few obtuse teeth near apex or sometimes entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-25 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicles to 20 cm; rachis and branches stout, with grayish scalelike glands. Female inflorescence rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick, lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 7-10 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/5-1/4(-1/3) of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick and woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, with puberulent-scalelike glands. Nut chestnut brown, depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.6-2.2 × 2-2.8 cm, apex flat or pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_gland_surface surface: puberulent
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch_color color: gray
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.2, width_units: cm
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
panicle_count low: 12, high: 25
panicle_size_male length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_apex_margin margin: entire
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous
petiole_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_branch_gland_color color: gray
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
trunk_size dbh_high: 70.0, dbh_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus konishii Trees usually less than 5 m tall. Spring shoots glabrous, autumn shoots tawny pubescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, obovate, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 4-9 × 1-4 cm, papery and slightly rigid, concolorous, abaxially with tufts of hairs at axils of veins, base cuneate, margin with 3-6 obtuse teeth, apex acute to caudate-acuminate; midvein puberulent adaxially; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins slender, evident. Female flowers borne on basal part of androgynous inflorescences; rachis tawny tomentose; cupules 1(or 2). Infructescences 2-3 cm; rachis 1.5-2 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule discoid, 4-8 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, covered with grayish brown, shortly tomentose hairs, midvein ridged. Nut depressed globose, 1-1.8 × 2-3 cm, glabrous, apex rounded or flat, wall 3-6 mm thick and horny; scar 1.3-2.4 cm in diam., margin impressed but center ± convex. Fl. Apr and Aug, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_hair_surface surface: tomentose
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_venation venation: midrib
flower_count low: 7, high: 10
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, location: basal
infructescence_count low: 1, max: 2
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
leaf_tooth_count low: 3, high: 6
leaf_tooth_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_margin_shape shape: convex
nut_margin_venation venation: impressed
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_units: m
tree_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
Fagaceae Lithocarpus laetus Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of current year tawny pubescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 7-11 × 1.5-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially pubescent, glabrescent, and with lax, rust-colored scalelike trichomes, adaxially pubescent when young but glabrescent except for midvein with age, base broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule obconic to cupular, 1-1.2 × 2-2.2 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, 1.8-2 × 1.6-1.8 cm, with appressed, rust-colored minute hairs, base broadest, gradually narrowed apically, apex pointed, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex but margin ± impressed. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_surface surface: pubescent
habit habit: lax
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_shape shape: obconic
shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_count low: 13, high: 16
nut_margin_shape shape: convex
nut_margin_venation venation: impressed
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus laoticus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets of current year blackish when dry; branches of previous year growth and rachis of infructescences conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 12-20 × 4-9 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially light gray and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially dark gray when dry, base broadly cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, sometimes fusing near margin on apical part of leaf; tertiary veins abaxially ± visible. Male inflorescences terminal clusters on branchlets of current year, 4-10 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 10-15 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis base 4-6 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, ca. 3.5 × 2-2.5 cm, completely enclosing nut, with many concentric ridges and inconspicuous bract scars between ridges, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts scalelike. Nut subglobose, 2-2.5 × 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., glabrescent, apex rounded, wall less than 1 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: black
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_color color: gray
color: gray
leaf_count low: 10, high: 13
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
rachis_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus lepidocarpus Trees tall. Branchlets of last-year growth with a thin layer of grayish wax, conspicuously lenticellate near nodes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate-oblong to obovate, 15-32 × 4-10 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or undulate-dentate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3, rarely solitary. Cupule subglobose, 3-3.2(-5) × 2.9-3(-3.8) cm, completely enclosing nut, apically flat; bracts imbricate to spirally arranged apically on cupule, rhomboid, squamose, with grayish waxy scalelike trichomes; midvein slightly raised and conspicuous. Nut subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diam.; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: rhomboid
bract_trichome_color color: gray
bract_venation venation: midrib
branch_color color: gray
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_count low: 13, high: 17
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: undulate-dentate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate-oblong
shape: obovate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 32.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.2, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.9, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Lithocarpus leucodermis Trees to 25 m tall. Branches of last-year growth covered with a ± translucent, longitudinally splitting, thin waxy layer. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 14-20 cm, leathery, concolorous, glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate with tip obtuse; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing. Inflorescences unknown. Fruit solitary, sessile; rachis 4-5 mm thick, grayish, glabrous or glabrescent. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, basally ± flat, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts linear, 1-3 mm, ± curved. Nut depressed globose, 1.6-2 × 1.7-2.4 cm, densely covered with appressed, short hairs; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., concave; stylopodium to 4 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 10
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_color color: gray
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus levis Trees 10-15 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate; branches of last year's growth dark brown, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to elliptic, 13-20 × 4-7 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, 6-9 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-8 cm; rachis 7-8 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule ellipsoid, 0.5-2 × 1.2-1.6 cm, completely enclosing nut, outside with yellowish brown to dark gray, waxy scalelike trichomes, both ends narrowed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts united into concentric lines. Nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1-1.4 cm in diam., apex with appressed minute hairs, wall 1.5-3 mm thick and thickened gradually from apex to base; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, subpart_as_loc: from apex
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: ellipsoid
rachis_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_size_male length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus listeri Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, glabrous, dark brown when dry, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 3-5 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 20-35 × 8-12 cm, leathery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 2-3 cm; rachis densely pubescent. Female inflorescences with cupules in clusters of ca. 3; bracts of young cupules imbricate, ovate-triangular. Mature cupules unknown. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
panicle_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus litseifolius Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets and petioles sometimes ± white farinose when dry. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, ovate, or rarely narrowly elliptic, 8-18 × 3-8 cm, papery to subleathery, concolorous to ± glaucous abaxially, base cuneate to broadly so, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, lax, reddish to yellowish brown when dry. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary, to 25 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences usually 2-6 congested at apex of branches, spiciform, to 35 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 30 cm; rachis slender, rarely over 5 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., covering base of nut, outside glabrous, wall 0.5-1 mm thick and woody basally; bracts imbricate but basal ones connate into concentric rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, subglobose, or rarely depressed globose, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-2 cm, glabrous or often ± white farinose, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar ca. 1.1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Apr-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_petiole_color color: white
branch_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 1.1, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 11
low: 2, high: 6, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, subpart_as_loc: at apex
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: red
color: yellow-brown
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: slender
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus litseifolius var. litseifolius Branchlets glabrous. Rachis of infructescences glabrous. Cupule 0.8-1.4 cm in diam. Fr. Jun-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Lithocarpus litseifolius var. pubescens Branchlets puberulent at apex. Leaf blade secondary veins adaxially impressed when young. Rachis of infructescences densely pubescent. Cupule 5-8 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm. Fr. Apr-May.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_surface surface: puberulent, subpart_as_loc: at apex
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: impressed
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus longanoides Trees 8-18 m tall. Young branchlets covered with tawny, crisp, short hairs, blackish when dry. Branches of last-year growth densely lenticellate; lenticels visible only under lens. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 4-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially at least along midvein densely covered with tawny, early glabrescent, short hairs and with tiny, grayish glandular dots, adaxially reddish brown to dark brown when dry, base decurrent on petiole, margin entire or rarely ± undulate near apex, apex narrowly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 8-15 cm; rachis densely tawny puberulent. Androgynous inflorescences often with male flowers above middle; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule globose to ± depressed, 1-1.8 cm in diam., usually almost completely enclosing nut, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous when dry; bracts fused to cupule except for subulate apex ca. 1 mm, triangular, reddish brown when dry. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 0.8-1.6 cm in diam., glabrous; scar 6-12 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: fused
shape: subulate
bract_apex_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_color color: red-brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_color color: black
flower_count low: 3
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male, location: above
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_size_male length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_apex_margin margin: undulate
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
petiole_color color: gray
color: red-brown
color: brown
petiole_count low: 6, high: 8
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glandular
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus longipedicellatus Trees to 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, subleathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or sometimes undulate, apex acuminate to acute with tip obtuse to rounded; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but usually not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle or solitary in axils of leaves; rachis light yellowish gray scurfy. Female inflorescence 3-5 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis soon after anthesis. Infructescence rachis base 8-10 mm thick, thicker than branches. Cupule discoid, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing basal part or rarely to middle of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts sometimes entirely or partly united into concentric rings, triangular, tiny but visible under lens, tawny scurfy. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 1-1.4 × 1.2-2.2 cm, ± white glaucous, base flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 0.7-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Jan, Fl. Oct-Jan of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: scurfy
branch_shape shape: disk
branch_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 14
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white-glaucous
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 8.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_color color: yellow-gray
rachis_flower_morphology flower_morphology: anthesis
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus longzhouicus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Lithocarpus lycoperdon Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, dark brown to blackish when dry, base ± thickened; leaf blade oblong to sometimes ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially rust-colored to tawny pulverulent-scurfy, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, sometimes ramified near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary in leaf axils. Female inflorescences sometimes androgynous, 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences usually less than 10 cm; rachis base 7-12 mm thick; lenticels yellowish brown. Cupule turbinate to cupular, 2-2.5 × 2.4-2.8 cm, broadest at middle, enclosing most of nut, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts triangular-subulate, appressed, puberulent and scurfy. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, ca. 1.5 × 2 cm, appressed puberulent and scurfy, apex narrowed, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular-subulate
bract_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
lenticel_color color: yellow-brown
lenticel_shape shape: turbinate
shape: cupular
lenticel_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.4, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: brown
color: black
petiole_count low: 8, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 12.0, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus macilentus Trees 7-12 m tall; branches of current year, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences tawny tomentose. Petiole under 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to rarely oblanceolate, 6-11 × 2-3 cm, thinly leathery, with tufts of minute crisp hairs on both surfaces when young, abaxially scurfy, narrowed at both ends, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate with a caudate tip; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thin but basally ± thickened. Nut broadly conical to depressed globose, 1.3-1.5 × 1.5-1.7 cm, glabrous; scar 7-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 8
low: 3
inflorescence_shape shape: saucerlike
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_hair_surface surface: surface
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: scurfy
petiole_tip_shape shape: caudate
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_low: 7.0, height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus magneinii Trees 5-25 m tall. Young parts with oily resin when dry; branchlets and petioles drying blackish. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to elliptic, 8-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute with a blunt tip to caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, obscure, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle. Female inflorescences usually 6-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3, rarely solitary, scattered on basal part of rachis; stalk of cupule clusters 3-8 mm × 3-4 mm, to 7 mm thick in fruit. Infructescence rachis thicker than branches from which it arises, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels conspicuous. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1-1.5 × 1.6-2.2 cm, enclosing 2/3-4/5 of nut, with 6-8 linear concentric rings, wall 1.5-2.5 mm thick. Nut broadly conical to depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 1.8-2 cm, covered with tawny, appressed, silky minute hairs, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Feb-Apr of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_petiole_color color: black
fruit_count low: 3, high: 8, count_group: cluster
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tip_shape shape: caudate
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_shape shape: saucerlike
lenticel_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_count low: 6, high: 8
nut_hair_surface surface: silky
nut_shape shape: linear
shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus mairei Trees rarely to 10 m tall, glabrous except branchlets and inflorescences covered with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery to papery, yellowish brown when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences paniculate, 4-8 cm, sometimes spicate. Female inflorescences 5-8 cm; rachis covered with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 3-5 cm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed, covered with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut broadly conical to ± depressed globose, 1-1.5 × 1.1-1.8 cm, glabrous, apex ± flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 6-8 mm in diam., slightly concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branchlets_missing missing_part: except branch and inflorescence
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_shape_male shape: spicate, sex: male
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_count low: 7, high: 10
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
tree_surface surface: glabrous
Fagaceae Lithocarpus megalophyllus Trees 15-25 m tall. Branchlets glaucous, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2.5-6 cm, 3-6 mm thick; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, or elliptic, 14-30 × 6-13 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially with grayish, pulverulent scalelike glands (visible under hand lens), adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein, abaxially strongly raised, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicle to 20 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent when young. Female inflorescences usually at apex of branches; cupules in clusters of 3(-5), sometimes solitary. Infructescences 10-14 cm; rachis 1-1.5 cm thick. Cupule plate-shaped to cupular, 4-10 mm × 2-3 cm, enclosing 1/6-1/3 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts 1-1.4 mm. Nut conical and 2.4-2.8 × 2-2.5 cm to depressed globose and 1.6-1.8 × 2.8-3.2 cm, slightly shining, sometimes ± white farinose, apex flat or with a ± concave center, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. May-Jun of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: mm
branch_color color: glaucous
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 13.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.8, width_high: 3.2, width_units: cm
panicle_count low: 14, high: 18
panicle_size_male length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
solitary_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus mekongensis Trees ca. 10 m tall. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-5 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, apical ones fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary, axillary, 8-15 cm; rachis scurfy, puberulent, or glabrous. Female inflorescences 8-15 cm; cupules of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescence rachis 5-6 mm thick, lenticellate; lenticels small. Cupule bowl-shaped, 3-5 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, small. Nut depressed globose, 5-8 mm × 1.1-1.4 cm, sparsely puberulent, apex ± flat or sometimes concave; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
fruit_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_shape shape: saucerlike
lenticel_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
solitary_count low: 3
solitary_size_male length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus melanochromus Trees 8-15 m tall; young branchlets and petioles tawny pilose, soon glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 4-11 × 1-3.5 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially tawny pilose when young, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire and ± recurved, apex acuminate to abruptly acute and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous to ± conspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 3-5 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 3-8 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1.2-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed. Nut covered with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, apex pointed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 8-11 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_petiole_surface surface: pilose
fruit_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
panicle_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 10, high: 15
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_margin_shape shape: recurved
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus mianningensis Trees to 25 m tall. Young branchlets purplish brown, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, sparsely pubescent when young; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 4-6 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially with silky scalelike glands, sparsely pubescent along midvein when young, and grayish brown to ± purplish when dry, base broadly cuneate and sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein, abaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Inflorescences terminal at apex of current year's branches; Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis 0.7-1.3 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.7-1.2 × 2.5-3 cm, wall basally woody; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular to rhomboid, densely puberulent. Nut broadly ellipsoid, 2-2.6 × 2-3 cm, densely puberulent, apex rounded to flat or sometimes with a ± concave center; scar concave. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 16
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-brown
color: purple
leaf_gland_surface surface: silky
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: concave
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
rachis_size thickness_low: 0.7, thickness_high: 1.3, thickness_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
rachis_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
solitary_count low: 3
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus microspermus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches and leaf blades. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 15-25 × 5-8 cm, abaxially with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein raised adaxially; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3-5 arranged in a panicle; rachis densely scurfy. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3. Infructescences 10-18 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 3-5 × 8-10 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; bracts inconspicuous, imbricate or united into rings at base of cupule, triangular. Nut depressed globose, 5-7 mm, rarely over 1 cm in diam., sparsely pulverulous, apex flat, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar 4-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 16, high: 22
infructescence_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_count_male low: 3, high: 5, sex: male
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus naiadarum Trees 4-10 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets with a thin translucent wax layer. Leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, (5-)10-15(-30) × (0.7-)1-1.5 (-2.5) cm, rigidly papery, concolorous and without waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate and decurrent on a very short petiole, apex shortly acuminate and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis densely tawny pubescent. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule discoid, 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., enclosing basal part of nut, outside puberulent, wall to 1 mm thick and ± woody near base; bracts usually connate into concentric rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical to rarely subglobose, 1-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, apex pointed or flat; scar concave to almost flat. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 0.7, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_base_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: attenuate
petiole_count low: 11, high: 15
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 4.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus nantoensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets chestnut brown, glabrous, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole usually less than 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 7-14 × 2-4.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially glaucous to light green and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially slender, evident and adaxially conspicuously raised; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences arising near apex of branchlets of current year; rachis with scalelike glands, sparsely waxy. Female inflorescences 10-16 cm; cupules solitary, scattered, glabrous. Infructescence rachis ca. 3 mm thick. Cupule enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut when young; discoid when mature, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing only basal part of nut, basally narrowed; bracts reduced and united into concentric rings, with tawny, waxy scalelike glands. Nut conical, 1-2 cm; scar 5-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
color: green
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: disk
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
solitary_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus nitidinux Trees to 18 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 10-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, abaxially slender, conspicuous on both surfaces. Infructescence rachis 1-1.4 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels small. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3, cupular, enclosing 1/5-1/4 of nut, wall ± woody and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, grayish puberulent. Nut depressed globose, ca. 1.4 × 2.5 cm, apex ± flat; scar ca. 1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 11, high: 16
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
lenticel_count low: 3
lenticel_shape shape: cupular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus oblanceolatus Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to sometimes oblong, 15-30 × 4-7 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially with grayish, pulverulent scalelike glands (visible under lens), adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences paniculate; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescences to 20 cm, often with a few male flowers near apex; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescence rachis 6-10 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped to cupular, 5-8(-13) mm × 1.5-3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, wall to 2.5 mm thick and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, grayish puberulent. Nut conical, 2.4-3 × 1.8-2.8 cm, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3, max: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_base_size thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
nut_base_woodiness woodiness: woody
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus obovatilimbus Trees to 15 m tall; branches and rachis of inflorescences pubescent. Petiole 3-10 mm; leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 4-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially with grayish scalelike glands and pubescent on basal part of midvein when young, base broadly cuneate to cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse, acute, shortly caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 7-9(-13) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 2 or 3, congested at apex of branches; rachis pubescent. Cupule cupular, 4-7 mm × 0.8-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and basally woody; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, puberulent. Nut ellipsoid to broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.4 cm, often ± white farinose; scar 4-7 mm in diam., concave. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 9, max: 13
low: 3
inflorescence_surface surface: pubescent
infructescence_count low: 2, high: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_gland_color color: gray, location: basal
leaf_gland_surface surface: pubescent, location: basal
leaf_gland_venation venation: midrib, location: basal
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: basal
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus obscurus Trees to 30 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets blackish brown when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 3-7 mm; leaf blade 10-19 × 4-8 cm, papery, concolorous, without scalelike glands, base rounded to auriculate, sometimes obtuse, and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 10-35 cm; rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 35 cm; rachis 0.8-1.4 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing hardly 1/2 of nut, dark gray when dry, wall basally thickened; bracts imbricate, small, appressed, usually only subulate apex conspicuous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.4 × 1.5-2 cm; scar concave. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: subulate
branch_color color: black-brown
inflorescence_count low: 9, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: glabrous
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 0.8, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus oleifolius Trees 8-15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences rusty pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 8-16 × 2-4 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially with appressed hairs and waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely ± undulate on apical part, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences 3-many in a panicle, rarely solitary. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 8-12 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule globose, depressed globose, or pear-shaped, 2.6-3.2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut or sometimes 3/4 of nut, wall to 2 mm thick near base; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, with lanceolate, ± lax scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., glabrous; scar 1.4-2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: lanceolate
fruit_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count_male low: 3, sex: male
inflorescence_surface surface: pilose
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: undulate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_base_size thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.6, length_high: 3.2, length_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_count low: 11, high: 14
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pachylepis Trees 10-20 m tall; branchlets of current year, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences covered with short stellate hairs. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong, 20-35 × 6-11 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, abaxially covered with short, stellate hairs along veins and sometimes with tuft of hairs on axils of veins, base broadly cuneate, margin serrate-dentate, apex obtuse to acute; secondary veins 25-30 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle. Female inflorescences 3-5 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence ca. 7 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule turbinate when young, discoid when mature, 1.5-3 × 4.5-6 cm, covering base of nut, wall 7-9 mm thick and woody; bracts ovate-triangular to oblique rhomboid margin and midvein ridged, apex subulate and incurved. Nut broadly conical when young and densely tawny puberulent, depressed globose when mature, 1.5-2.5 × 4-6.5 cm, apex flat but slightly concave in center, wall horny and 7-10 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/2 of nut, ± convex. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: subulate
shape: incurved
bract_margin_shape shape: ovate-triangular
shape: oblique-rhomboid
bract_margin_venation venation: midrib
inflorescence_count low: 25, high: 30
inflorescence_hair_shape shape: stellate
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 7.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_venation venation: vein
leaf_margin margin: serrate-dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 9.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pachyphyllus Trees to 25 m tall. Young branchlets covered with lamellate, rust-colored, waxy scalelike trichomes, sulcate. Petiole 1.2-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 4-7 cm, thinly or thickly leathery, abaxially dark red when young, glaucous with age, and with minute lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and ± decurrent on petiole, margin entire and usually emarginate, apex caudate with tip blunt to rounded; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or terminal panicles. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2 or 3, to 15 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences 3-6 mm. Cupule cupular, 0.5-2.5 × 1.5-4.6 cm, variable in size, enclosing most of nut or sometimes only 1/3-1/2 when mature, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts fused with cupule and reduced to scars or triangular, irregularly multilateral, with rust-colored, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-2 × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex rounded to slightly pointed, wall 1-1.2 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., convex with impressed margin. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 15.0, width_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf_color color: red
color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_margin_shape shape: convex
nut_margin_venation venation: impressed
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.6, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: caudate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 15
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_margin_shape shape: emarginate
petiole_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_tip_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pachyphyllus var. fruticosus Leaf blade thickly leathery. Cupule 2.2-2.8 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut; bracts united into 3-5 continuous or interrupted rings, basal ones almost completely fused with cupule. Scar covering 1/3-1/2 of nut.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 5
bract_shape shape: fused
leaf_size length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pachyphyllus var. pachyphyllus Leaf blade thinly leathery. Cupule 1.5-4.6 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut when young but only 1/3-1/2 when mature; bracts fused with cupule and reduced to scars or triangular, irregularly multilateral. Scar only at base of nut.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.6, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
Fagaceae Lithocarpus paihengii Trees to 15 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 2-3 cm, stout, sometimes white farinose; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or rarely obovate-elliptic, 15-25 × 4-9 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially tawny to reddish brown scurfy when young, adaxially dark brown to reddish brown, glabrous, and often glossy, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to shortly acute; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle, to 20 cm; rachis sparsely tawny pubescent. Androgynous inflorescences 7-13 cm, with a few male flowers at apex. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-10 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule globose to depressed globose, 2-2.8 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, outside grayish scurfy, wall 1.5-2.5 mm thick; basal bracts obscure, sometimes united into concentric rings but with a subulate tip, apical ones triangular, appressed. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-2 × 1.4-2.4 cm, covered with tawny minute hairs; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
bract_tip_shape shape: subulate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: red-brown
leaf_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: scurfy
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: scurfy
panicle_size_male length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: white
color: brown
color: red-brown
petiole_count low: 8, high: 13
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 6.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pakhaensis Trees to 25 m tall; branchlets of current year and petioles dark brown to blackish and slightly white farinose when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-3 cm, thinly leathery, concolorous, adaxial surface of young leaves oily glossy when dry, base narrowly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins not visible. Female inflorescences rachis 4-6 mm thick, tomentose and with small. waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules mostly solitary, scattered on rachis, sometimes in clusters of ca. 3 near apex of rachis. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; with 2-5 fruit. Cupule discoid, 0.8-1.2 × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, basally abruptly narrowed, wall to 3 mm near base; basal bracts usually united into 3 or 4 concentric rings, triangular, lax and obscure, appressed. Nut conical, rarely depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 1.6-2 cm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 3, high: 4, location: basal
bract_shape shape: triangular
fruit_count low: 2, high: 5
fruit_shape shape: disk
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
habit habit: lax
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: adaxial
nut_base_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: brown
color: black
color: white
petiole_count low: 8, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_apex_count low: 3
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus paniculatus Trees to 15 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, and rachis of inflorescences hairy. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 6-15 × 2.5-5 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially hairy along midvein when young, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute to caudate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences paniculate. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 4-7 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 0.8-1.8 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing most of nut or occasionally completely enclosing nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts imbricate, triangular, rarely longer than 1 mm. Nut broadly conical to slightly depressed, 1.6-2.3 cm in diam., apex pointed to rounded, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.3, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: hairy
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pasania Trees to 20 m tall. Leaves not seen. Infructescences 14-28 cm; rachis terete, light brownish gray, 1-2 cm thick, epidermis flaky, reticulate, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Cupules 5-9 fused in clusters, only 1 or 2 developed, globose or nearly so, 3.5-5 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apically flat or rounded, wall 2-5 mm thick and spongy; bracts ± imbricate in young cupules and squamose but united into 8-12 concentric rings and inconspicuous with age. Nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, adnate to cupule except apically, apex flat, wall 1.5-4 mm thick and firmly woody.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 8, high: 12
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
epidermis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: cm
epidermis_venation venation: reticulate
infructescence_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 28.0, length_units: cm
lenticel_count low: 5, high: 9
lenticel_shape shape: fused
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: orbicular
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody
rachis_color color: brown-gray
rachis_shape shape: terete
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus petelotii Trees to 28 m tall. Branchlets and rachis of inflorescences tawny pubescent. Petiole 2.5-4 cm, pubescent when young; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic or sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, 9-15 × 3.5-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with rust-colored, scurfy scalelike trichomes and stellate hairs, base subrounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-13 on each side of midvein, abaxially pubescent; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, less than 3 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis ca. 8 mm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary on basal part of rachis. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 0.8-1.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm, covering base of nut, basally narrowed and slightly elongate into a short stalk, wall 3-6 mm thick and woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, densely tawny puberulent; midvein ridged. Nut subglobose, 3-7.5 × 2.5-3.8 cm, often white farinose, apex shortly pointed; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
bract_surface surface: puberulent
bract_venation venation: midrib
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 13
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_trichome_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.8, width_units: cm
panicle_size_male length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 8.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
stalk_shape shape: elongate
stalk_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
stalk_woodiness woodiness: woody
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 28.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus phansipanensis Trees ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 3-5 mm, white farinose when dry; leaf blade broadly obovate, 4-6.5 × 2.5-4 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with dense scalelike glands and ± glaucous when dry, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, apex rounded; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein, ending at margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Female inflorescences 2-4, congested at apex of branches, 4-7 cm; rachis ± with scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Mature cupules unknown. Fl. Feb.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_shape shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: white
petiole_count low: 10, high: 12
petiole_gland_color color: glaucous
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 3
tree_size height_low: 3.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus propinquus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches glabrous, dark brown when dry, lenticellate with age. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade oblong, 10-15 × 3-4.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or arranged in a panicle; rachis scurfy. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3; clusters stalked. Infructescences 8-12 cm; stalk of fruit clusters 3-6 mm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-7 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm; basal bracts united into obscure concentric rings, triangular, small, with scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 0.8-1.1 × 1.2-1.6 cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Dec-Jan of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: scurfy
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 3, high: 6, count_group: cluster
fruit_shape shape: saucerlike
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 13
inflorescence_shape shape: stalked
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: scurfy
surface: glabrous
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.1, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardtii Trees ca. 20 m tall; branchlets of current year and young leaf blades brownish black and oily glossy when dry. Branches sulcate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute with a tip blunt to caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences 10-15 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis and cupule stalks grayish scurfy; cupules solitary, rarely in clusters of 2, stalk 2-4 mm but 8-10 mm in fruit. Young cupules shortly tubular, concave in center, apex flat; mature cupules basin-shaped, 1-1.2 × 1.6-2.4 cm excluding stalk, enclosing more than 3/4 of nut, with ca. 8 concentric rings, tawny scurfy, wall ca. 1 mm thick. Nut depressed globose, ca. 1 × 1.4-1.8 cm, with tawny appressed minute hairs, base flat, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Mar-Jun of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_shape shape: sulcate
fruit_shape shape: tubular
shape: concave
fruit_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: brown-black
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_tip_shape shape: caudate
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_count low: 8
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: scurfy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
stalk_color color: gray
stalk_count low: 2, count_group: cluster
stalk_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
stalk_surface surface: scurfy
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pseudovestitus Trees to 25 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, leaf blade lanceolate to rarely oblong, 8-18 × 2-4 cm, thickly papery, abaxially gray and with a thick layer of waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse, subrounded, or rarely acute; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially sometimes slightly impressed, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle; rachis scurfy. Female inflorescences with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3, rarely solitary; base of cupule clusters narrowed, stalklike, to 5 mm. Infructescence rachis to 1 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 1-2 cm, covering base of nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; basal bracts united into concentric rings, small, tawny puberulent. Nut broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.6-2 cm, tawny puberulent, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 4-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 3, count_group: cluster
infructescence_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: gray
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_apex_shape shape: obtuse
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 9, high: 14
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: acute
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: scurfy
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus pseudoxizangensis Trees ca. 20 m tall. Petiole ca. 2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 15-25 × 10-12 cm, abaxially with sparse appressed hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex cuspidate; midvein flat above or slightly impressed; secondary veins ca. 11 on each side of midvein. Infructescence rachis 7-12 cm, ca. 1 cm thick. Cupule globose, completely enclosing nut, wall 4-6 mm thick; bracts ca. 1 cm, curved, sericeous-puberulent. Nuts turbinate, ca. 2.5 × 2.8 cm, appressed tomentulose, base narrow, apex depressed; scar covering ca. 2/3 of nut, convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: curved
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: sericeous
surface: puberulent
infructescence_count low: 11
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 10.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: turbinate
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 6.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentulose
petiole_apex_shape shape: cuspidate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_venation venation: midrib, location: above
venation: impressed, location: above
venation: vein
venation: midrib
rachis_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_low: 20.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus qinzhouicus Trees; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely tomentose with short hairs. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 8-12 × 2-3 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence_hair_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus quercifolius Trees 5-6 m tall. Branchlets of current year pubescent. Leaves usually congested at apex of branches; petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 4-11 × 1-3 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, abaxially usually with tuft of hairs in axils of veins, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with a few acute teeth, apex acute; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, branched near margin with outer branch ending in a marginal tooth; tertiary veins conspicuous, slender. Male inflorescences ca. 5 cm. Female flowers solitary, scattered above middle of male inflorescence rachis; rachis tawny pubescent. Infructescences 2-3 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut; bracts imbricate, lanceolate when young, rhomboid to broadly triangular when mature, appressed, midvein ridged. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.4 cm, covered with appressed minute hairs; scar 1.6-2 cm in diam., margin concave but center ± convex. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: rhomboid
shape: triangular
bract_venation venation: midrib
branch_count low: 8, high: 11
branch_margin margin: tooth
branch_margin_shape shape: branched
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
branch_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
fruit_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_tooth_shape shape: acute
nut_margin_shape shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_low: 5.0, height_high: 6.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus rhabdostachyus subsp. dakhaensis Trees 8-15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with rust-colored simple and branched hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic on sterile shoots, sometimes elliptic on fruiting branches, 16-30 × 5-12 cm, subleathery, rusty pilose, adaxially with hairs crisp and early glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 11-17 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male panicle terminal or rarely solitary spikes in axils of leaves, to 25 cm. Female inflorescences to 30 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis to 1 cm thick. Cupule depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 2.5-3 cm, entirely or almost completely enclosing nut, wall 0.5-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, ovate-triangular, appressed, puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 2.2-2.7 cm in diam., glabrous, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., ± concave. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_apex_shape shape: acute
branch_base_shape shape: cuneate
branch_margin margin: entire
branch_shape shape: elliptic
shape: slender
branch_size length_low: 16.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: cm
branch_surface surface: pilose
branch_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
inflorescence_hair_shape shape: branched
inflorescence_size length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size_male length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_count low: 11, high: 17
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus rosthornii Trees 10-15 m tall; branchlets and petioles covered with crisp, early glabrescent hairs and tawny, lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or sometimes elliptic, 12-30 × 4-10 cm, ± thickly papery, abaxially pilose along midvein when young but soon glabrescent, margin entire, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate; secondary veins 14-22 on each side of midvein, adaxially conspicuously impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, numerous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate or rarely spicate, to 15 cm. Female inflorescences usually with a few male flowers near apex; cupules in cluster of ca. 3. Infructescences 10-12 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule 1-1.6 × 2-3 cm, enclosing 1/2-3/4 of nut, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, covered with tawny waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-2 × ca. 2.8 cm, glabrous, apex ± narrowed and pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 0.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_apex_size_male length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
inflorescence_count low: 14, high: 22
inflorescence_shape_male shape: spicate, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus shinsuiensis Trees. Branchlets grayish brown, densely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8-18 × 2-5 cm, abaxially glaucous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate; midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 6-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 1-3, usually only 1 developed. Cupule subglobose, ca. 1.8 × 2.2 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, basally narrowed into a stalk to 7 mm, wall thin and crustaceous; basal bracts imbricate or in concentric rings, squamose, tawny puberulent. Nut subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diam.; scar concave. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_surface surface: puberulent
branch_color color: gray-brown
inflorescence_count low: 1, high: 3, count_group: cluster
inflorescence_shape shape: subglobose
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 1
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_apex_shape shape: caudate-acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 6, high: 12
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: surface
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
stalk_size length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, location: basal
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus silvicolarum Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tawny pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3.5-6 cm, papery, abaxially with scalelike glands and tawny pilose along side, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate on apical part, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, inconspicuous to conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 2-3.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally ± woody; bracts dark reddish brown, fused with wall of cupule or sometimes only subulate apex free, broadly triangular to rhomboid. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded or flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.8(-2.5) cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: fused
shape: subulate
bract_color color: red-brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch_surface surface: pilose
fruit_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_max: 2.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, location: basal
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 10, high: 12
petiole_gland_surface surface: pilose
petiole_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: undulate, location: apical
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus skanianus Trees to 20 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences tawny tomentose. Petiole rarely to 1 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or rarely elliptic to oblong, 6-20 × 4-9 cm, thickly papery, abaxially pilose on midvein but otherwise pubescent with simple and branched hairs, base cuneate, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex shortly caudate-acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially usually slightly impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicle terminal or rarely solitary spikes in axils of leaves, to 25 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 1-1.2 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 1.4-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, almost completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts subulate to linear and 2-3 mm or triangular-squamiform and appressed, puberulent and scurfy. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1.4-2.2 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1.1-1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: subulate
shape: linear
shape: triangular-squamiform
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
fruit_size length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
inflorescence_surface surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate-acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_shape shape: branched
leaf_hair_surface surface: pilose
surface: pubescent
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
panicle_count low: 9, high: 14
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
rachis_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus Trees 10-20 m tall. Branchlets dark gray when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous and surface of young leaves oily glossy when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, sometimes solitary in axils of leaves. Female inflorescences 10-20 cm; cupules in clusters of (2 or)3, rarely solitary near base of rachis; stalk of cupule clusters 3-7 mm, with tiny triangular bracts. Infructescence rachis 7-12 mm thick. Cupule globose to ± depressed globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, outside grayish puberulent, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, small, lax. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 1.4-1.9 cm, densely tawny scurfy; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_count min: 2, low: 3, count_group: cluster
inflorescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: surface
missing missing_part: rarely solitary
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.9, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_count low: 14, high: 18
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_shape shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
rachis_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
rachis_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 12.0, thickness_units: mm
stalk_count low: 3, high: 7, count_group: cluster
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus tabularis Trees to 30 m tall; branchlets and petioles sparsely covered with brownish early glabrescent long hairs when young. Branchlets of current year and petioles dark brown when dry; branchlets of last-year growth lenticellate; lenticels raised. Petiole 3-4 cm; leaf blade oblong, 15-25 × 6-8 cm, leathery, adaxially with dense, tawny, puberulent scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm, sometimes androgynous and to 16 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-10 cm; rachis 7-9 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule broadly turbinate, 1.5-2 × 2.5-2.8 cm, broadest apically, enclosing most of nut, wall 2-5 mm thick; bracts triangular, thickened, usually ridged in center. Nut ± depressed globose, 1.2-1.5 × 1-2 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat; scar covering 2/3-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_petiole_hair_color color: brown
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 14
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_shape shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
nut_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 7.0, thickness_high: 9.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
solitary_size length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus taitoensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branches of current year glabrous, sparsely puberulent, or densely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with lamellate scalelike glands and oily and shiny when young, base broadly cuneate to sometimes cuneate and often ± asymmetric, margin entire, apex abruptly acuminate and shortly caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, usually adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or rarely slender, reticulate. Male inflorescences usually solitary in leaf axils, 4-6 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 3-7 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-1.5 cm in diam., covering base of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts usually connate into concentric rings but apical ones imbricate, triangular, small, appressed. Nut conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1-1.5 cm, often white farinose, apex shortly pointed or rarely flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 5-9 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: pubescent
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_woodiness woodiness: woody, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus talangensis Trees 15-25 m tall; branchlets of current year and leaf blades abaxially densely pubescent. Branchlets of last-year growth glabrescent, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, leathery, abaxially covered with dark gray, minute, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; midvein slightly raised and pilose; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially ± conspicuous. Male inflorescences paniculate, to 27 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-4 congested above middle of branches, 5-15 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule turbinate, 2-2.4 × 1.8-2.6 cm, broadest slightly apical from middle, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular to rhomboid, from base to middle of cupule fused with wall, grayish puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut subglobose, 1.5-1.8 × 1.6-2.6 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex flat or concave; scar covering 1/2-2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
shape: fused
bract_trichome_color color: gray
bract_trichome_surface surface: puberulent
branch_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 14
low: 2, high: 4, location: above
inflorescence_size_male length_high: 27.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: concave
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus tenuilimbus Trees to 25 m tall; apex of young branchlets, petioles, and young leaf blades sparsely covered with early glabrescent long hairs. Branchlets of last-year growth sparsely lenticellate; lenticels conspicuously raised. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially ± glaucous when dry and with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes and usually sparsely pilose from base to middle of midvein when young, base cuneate and usually asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically and gradually obscured; tertiary veins abaxially visible, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or paniculate; rachis densely tawny puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 8-10 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule turbinate, 2-3 × 2-2.8 cm, broadest apically, usually enclosing most of nut, outside pubescent when young, basally narrowed into a stalk, wall 2-3.5 mm thick; bracts basally enclosing and ± fused with cupule, apically triangular and thick. Nut subglobose, 1.5-2.2 cm in diam., with appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat, wall 1-2 mm thick on sides and ca. 3 mm near apex; scar covering 3/4-5/6 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: fused
shape: triangular
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_surface surface: pilose, subpart_as_loc: from base
leaf_trichome_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from base
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
rachis_size thickness_low: 8.0, thickness_high: 10.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
stalk_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus tephrocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall; branchlets, bud scales, young leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with ± rough brown long hairs. Branches stout, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, 5-7 mm thick; leaf blade spatulate, obovate-oblong, or oblong, 30-50 × 9-10 cm, leathery to thickly papery, ± glaucous and abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes when mature, base rounded to auriculate, margin entire or with a few teeth from middle to apex, apex acute with a blunt tip; secondary veins 21-26 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins subparallel. Infructescences 8-12 cm; rachis basally ca. 1 cm thick, hairy. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but 1 or 2 developed, subglobose, 3-4 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apically narrowed and nipple-shaped, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, ovate-triangular, brownish pubescent. Nut subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., sparsely covered with appressed hairs, wall ca. 2 mm thick; scar covering base of nut, slightly convex. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: brown
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
bract_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
inflorescence_hair_color color: brown
infructescence_count low: 21, high: 26
infructescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: spatulate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_count low: 2
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_count low: 3, high: 1
rachis_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True, location: basal
rachis_surface surface: hairy
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus thomsonii Trees 8-10 m tall; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences densely covered with grayish, crisp minute hairs. Branches of last year dark brown to blackish when dry, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly elliptic or sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, 9-20 × 4-6.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base acute to cuneate, margin usually undulate, apex obtuse to acuminate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, ramified near margin but rarely fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves, 5-10 cm. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3; young cupules depressed globose, apically flat. Infructescence ca. 10 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., outside and nut densely covered with grayish crisp minute hairs and scurfy scalelike trichomes. Nut 1.3-1.4 × 1.4-1.6 cm; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch_color color: brown
color: black
inflorescence_color color: gray
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 13
low: 3
inflorescence_shape shape: spheric
inflorescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 10.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray
nut_hair_color color: gray
nut_hair_surface surface: scurfy
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 8.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus trachycarpus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, sparsely covered with early glabrescent long hairs. Leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 8-15 × 2-6 cm, rigidly papery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; midvein abaxially covered with early glabrescent long hairs; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate, 5-9 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule globose to depressed, 1.5-2 cm, completely enclosing nut, outside with oily scalelike glands, reddish brown when dry, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; bracts subulate, 1-1.5 mm. Nut ± depressed globose, 1-1.3 × 1.6-1.8 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar at basal part of nut, ca. 1 cm in diam., slightly concave. Fl. Nov-Mar, fr. Nov-Mar of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: subulate
bract_size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 16
inflorescence_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: red-brown
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_surface surface: puberulent
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus triqueter Trees tall; Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate-elliptic, 15-25 × 5-7 cm, thickly papery, leaf blades abaxially and rachis of inflorescences with lamellate, appressed, waxy scalelike trichomes, abaxially grayish brown, adaxially dark brown when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, curving apically, obscure near margin. Male inflorescences in a panicle, to 20 cm. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis stout, base ca. 1 cm thick. Cupule subglobose, ± asymmetric, 2.2-2.6 cm in diam., enclosing nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, gray to light brown when dry, densely scurfy. Nut subglobose, 1.6-2.4 cm, depressed on 1 or 2 sides, obtusely ridged from middle to apex, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
color: brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: scurfy
inflorescence_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.6, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
panicle_size_male length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
petiole_apex_shape shape: acuminate
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: gray-brown
color: brown
petiole_count low: 8, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: entire
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
petiole_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_shape shape: subglobose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Lithocarpus truncatus Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of last year growth lenticellate; lenticels yellowish gray, ± raised. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, basally dark brown to blackish when dry; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 10-25 × 3-7 cm, thinly leathery, concolorous, abaxially glaucous and with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxial surface of young leaves glossy when dry, base cuneate to narrowly so, margin entire, apex narrowly attenuate with apiculate-caudate tip; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially visible. Male inflorescences solitary in leaf axils or congested at apex of branches; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences solitary or congested; cupules in clusters of 3-5(-7). Infructescence rachis base 4-7 mm thick. Cupule turbinate to obconic, 2.5-3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, enclosing most of nut, apically usually flat; bracts conspicuous, imbricate and triangular or united into interrupted rings, appressed, from base to middle of cupule, densely tawny puberulent. Nut subglobose, ca. 3 × 2.6 cm, with tawny appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat or slightly convex, wall ca. 1 mm thick on sides and ca. 1.5 mm thick near apex; scar covering 2/3-4/5 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: puberulent
inflorescence_count low: 11, high: 15
infructescence_count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7, count_group: cluster
leaf_apex_shape shape: attenuate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: adaxial
leaf_tip_shape shape: apiculate-caudate
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: yellow-gray
nut_apex_shape shape: convex
nut_apex_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_color color: brown, location: basal
color: black, location: basal
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: turbinate
shape: obconic
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus truncatus var. baviensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Lithocarpus truncatus var. truncatus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Lithocarpus tubulosus Trees ca. 15 m tall; branchlets, bud scales, and infructescences densely grayish brown tomentose. Petiole rarely to 1 cm, stout, hairy; leaf blade elliptic, 20-25 × 7-10 cm, both surfaces with simple and branched hairs but more densely so on midvein and secondary veins, base rounded, apex shortly caudate and falcate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving near margin, apical ones often fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate. Female and androgynous inflorescences 6-8 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick, tawny tomentose. Cupules solitary, scattered on rachis, ca. 3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, apically abruptly narrowed and ± elongate, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts clawlike, reflexed. Nut chestnut brown, depressed globose, 1.2-1.7 × 2-2.3 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex shortly pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.3 cm in diam., concave Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
fruit_shape shape: concave
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
inflorescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_color color: gray-brown
infructescence_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_apex_shape shape: caudate
shape: falcate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_shape shape: branched
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: elongate
shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: hairy
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_units: m, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Lithocarpus uvariifolius Trees 10-15 m tall or shrubs 1-4 m tall; young branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely with tawny to rust-colored, ± coarse long hairs. Branches with large and conspicuous bud scars. Petiole 1-3.5 cm; leaf blade 4-22 × 2-10 cm, leathery to thickly papery, concolorous, base subrounded, margin dentate to undulate near apex or entire, apex acute, shortly caudate, or rarely shortly acuminate; secondary veins 22-35 on each side of midvein, abaxially pilose, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel, pilose. Male inflorescences spicate, solitary in axils of leaves or clustered at apex of branchlets; rachis stout. Female flowers usually borne on base of male inflorescence rachis, in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescence with 1-4 developed cupules. Cupule cupular to subglobose, 2-3.5 × 3.5-5 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, outside puberulent and scurfy or rarely glabrescent, wall 2-5 mm thick; bracts narrowly oblong to lanceolate when young, rhomboid to multilateral with age. Nut subglobose, densely covered with appressed minute hairs, apex rounded, flat, or rarely concave, wall 4-8 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: rhomboid
bract_size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence_shape_male shape: spicate, sex: male
infructescence_count low: 1, high: 4
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
shape: subglobose
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
margin: entire
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_count low: 22, high: 35
leaf_margin margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: concave
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 4.0, thickness_high: 8.0, thickness_units: mm
nut_surface surface: puberulent
surface: scurfy
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
shrub_size height_low: 1.0, height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
solitary_count low: 3
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus uvariifolius var. ellipticus Shrubs or small trees, 1-4 m tall. Leaf blade ovate, 4-10 × 2-4.5 cm, abaxially with short hairs, margin entire, apex acuminate. Cupule rarely over 3.5 cm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
tree_size height_low: 1.0, height_high: 4.0, height_units: m
length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus uvariifolius var. uvariifolius Trees 10-15 m tall. Leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, or rarely elliptic, 9-22 × 5-10 cm, abaxially with 2-4-branched, stellate, short hairs, margin dentate to undulate near apex or rarely entire, apex rounded, obtuse, abruptly acute, or sometimes shortly caudate; secondary veins 25-35 on each side of midvein. Cupule apically 3.5-4.5 cm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_apex_margin margin: undulate
margin: entire
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_margin margin: dentate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: branched
shape: stellate
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_count low: 25, high: 35
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae Lithocarpus variolosus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets blackish when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown. Petiole 1(-1.5) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-15(-24) × 3-5(-7) cm, leathery to thickly papery, abaxially with thick adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous when dry, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate and usually falcate; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or paniculate. Female inflorescences usually terminal clusters, 3-6(-10) cm; rachis stout, usually twisted, with tawny scalelike trichomes; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 4-7 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, usually broadest slightly apically from middle, enclosing 1/2 to most of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts reddish to dark grayish brown, basal bracts usually united in continuous or interrupted rings and obscurely broadly ovate or multilateral, apically triangular and small. Nut depressed globose, 1-2 × 1.2-2.6 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar covering 1/5-1/3(-1/2) of nut, convex but concave at margin. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: red
color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
branch_color color: black
inflorescence_count low: 6, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: falcate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 24.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_trichome_color color: glaucous
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: gray-brown
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
shape: concave
nut_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_max: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: twisted
shape: cupular
rachis_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus xizangensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of last year growth, petioles, and abaxial leaf blade surface pubescent. Petiole 2-4 cm, stout, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 25-40 × 9-15 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, base cuneate, margin entire or sometimes apically undulate, apex acute; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed when young, pubescent, covered with adherent scurfy scalelike trichomes, grayish when dry; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary, ca. 25 cm. Infructescence to 20 cm, rachis lenticellate, base 1-1.2 cm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Cupule globose, (5-)7-9 cm in diam. including bracts, completely enclosing nut; bracts subulate, completely covering cupule, 1.5-2.5 cm, straight or apical ones slightly curved, ± woody, pubescent. Nut broadly conical, ca. 2.5 × 2.8 cm, covered with minute hairs, base slightly narrowed, apex flat or slightly convex, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering ca. 2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: spheric
shape: subulate
shape: straight
shape: curved
bract_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
bract_woodiness woodiness: woody
infructescence_size_male length_low: 25.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_count low: 11, high: 16
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 9.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: surface, location: abaxial
surface: pubescent, location: abaxial
surface: pubescent
surface: pubescent
leaf_trichome_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: convex
nut_shape shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
rachis_count low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster
rachis_size length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus xylocarpus Trees to 30 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate, tawny tomentose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to sometimes lanceolate, 9-15 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially pilose when young and glaucous with age, adaxially lustrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; midvein ± flat to slightly raised on both surfaces and usually pubescent; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences often partly androgynous, solitary, 5-10 cm; rachis tomentose. Female inflorescence rachis 5-8 cm, ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule subglobose but apically slightly narrowed, 3-4.5 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-3 mm, curved inward, densely and completely covered by minute hairs. Nut subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 2-3 cm in diam.; scar covering 4/5-5/6 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
branch_shape shape: sulcate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 15
inflorescence_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: glaucous
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
surface: surface
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_count low: 3
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
solitary_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Lithocarpus yangchunensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Lithocarpus yongfuensis Trees to 16 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, and rachis of inflorescences with sparse and lax, waxy scalelike glands. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 7-13 × 2-4 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially scurfy, base cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins not visible. Female and androgynous inflorescences sometimes congested at apex of branches, 5-15 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis base 3-5 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., covering basal part of nut, basally narrowed into an elongated stalk; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, 1.6-1.8 × 2-2.2 cm, glabrous, base flat, apex pointed; scar 0.7-1.9 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
branch_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.9, length_units: cm
habit habit: lax
inflorescence_reproduction reproduction: androgynous, subpart_as_loc: at apex
infructescence_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf_count low: 10, high: 14
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: concave
nut_size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_base_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 5.0, thickness_units: mm
rachis_shape shape: disk
rachis_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 16.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Trees or sometimes shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Trunk bark deeply splitting or exfoliating longitudinally. Winter buds ovoid-globose, ovoid-conical, or rarely ovoid-ellipsoid; scales few to many, imbricate. Leaves spirally arranged. Stipules extrapetiolar. Male inflorescence pendulous, solitary in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in paniculate clusters on lateral or subterminal shoots; flower solitary and scattered on rachis; perianth calyciform, 4-7-lobed or more lobed; stamens 4-7 or fewer, filaments slender; staminodes small. Female inflorescences in leaf axils toward apex of branchlets, with few to many cupules; flowers solitary; perianth 5- or 6-lobed; staminodes sometimes present, small; ovary (2-or)3(or 4)-loculed; stigmas dilated or ligulate, lining inner faces of styles. Cupules solitary; bracts imbricate, scalelike, linear, or conical, adherent, prostrate, or reflexed. Nut 1 per cupule. Germination hypogeal. About 300 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America (Colombia); 35 species (15 endemic, two introduced) in China. After this treatment was published for the FOC, it came to our attention that Craibiodendron forrestii W. W. Smith (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 160. 1912), described from W Yunnan (Nujiang valley), is a species of Quercus (see FOC 14: 459. 2005).
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 300
bract_shape shape: linear
bud_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
filament_shape shape: slender
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
nut_count low: 1
ovary_count min: 2, low: 3
perianth_lobe_count low: 4, high: 7
low: 5, high: 6
solitary_count low: 35
stamen_count low: 4, high: 7
low: 15
stigma_count low: 4
stigma_shape shape: dilated
shape: ligulate
Fagaceae Quercus acrodonta Trees or sometimes shrubs, to 15 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely yellowish gray shortly stellate tomentose. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly obovate, 2-6 × 1-2.5 cm, abaxially densely yellowish gray stellate tomentose, base rounded to nearly cordate, margin with spiniform scattered teeth from middle to apex, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, densely pubescent; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous beneath indumentum. Female inflorescences axillary on branches toward apex of tree; rachis yellowish brown tomentose; cupules 2 or 3. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 5 mm, densely yellowish gray tomentose. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm, imbricate, crowded, grayish tomentose except for reddish apex. Nut narrowly ellipsoid, 8-10 × 5-8 mm, apex yellowish gray tomentose; scar ca. 2 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: gray
color: red
bract_apex_surface surface: tomentose
bract_shape shape: elliptic
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: yellow-gray
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_count low: 7, high: 11
indumentum_venation venation: vein, location: beneath
infructescence_count low: 2, high: 3
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: yellow-gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_color color: yellow-gray
nut_apex_surface surface: tomentose
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: mm
petiole_color color: yellow-gray
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-gray
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
shrub_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Quercus acutissima Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets 1.5-2 mm in diam., yellowish gray tomentose, glabrescent, yellowish gray with age, lenticellate; lenticels yellowish brown. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 8-19 × 2-6 cm, concolorous, tomentose, glabrescent or only veins abaxially tomentose with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex long acuminate; secondary veins 13-18 on each side of midvein, fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, ± parallel. Cupules on previous year’s branchlets, 1 or 2, cupular to discoid, 1.9-4.2 cm in diam. including bracts, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut; bracts subulate to ligulate, ca. 1.5 , reflexed, canescent. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 1.7-2.2 cm, apex impressed; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 4 mm in diam., pale grayish brown sericeous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 13, high: 18
bract_shape shape: subulate
shape: ligulate
bract_size length_low: 1.9, length_high: 4.2, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: canescent
branch_color color: yellow-gray
color: yellow-gray
branch_count low: 1, high: 2
branch_shape shape: cupular
shape: disk
branch_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: parallel
lenticel_color color: yellow-brown
nut_apex_venation venation: impressed
nut_color color: gray-brown
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: sericeous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus aliena Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets grayish brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, rounded. Petiole 1-1.3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-obovate to obovate, (5-)10-20(-30) × 5-14(-16) cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex slightly obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots; cupules solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 × 1.2-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, crowded, grayish pubescent. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.7-2.5 × 1.3-1.8 cm; scar slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray-brown
fascicles_count low: 2, high: 3
fascicles_shape shape: cupular
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 10, high: 15
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 14.0, width_max: 16.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Quercus aliena var. aliena Leaf blade abaxially grayish brown, margin undulate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_color color: gray-brown
leaf_margin margin: undulate
Fagaceae Quercus aliena var. pekingensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Quercus aquifolioides Trees 10(-20) m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets pale brown stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-5 mm, sometimes nearly sessile; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 2.5-7 × 1.5-3.5 cm, densely with reddish brown to orangish brown glandular hairs (especially abaxially on midvein) when young, abaxially with slender reddish brown to orangish brown stellate hairs and simple hairs or mealy scurfy scalelike trichomes with age, adaxially glabrescent but pubescent along midvein, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; midvein apically flexuous; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences 0.5-2.5 cm; cupules 1-4. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 cm × 0.9-1.2 cm, covering base of nut, outside gray pubescent, inside densely tomentose; bracts ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, apex obtuse and often free from cupule wall. Nut ovoid to narrowly so, 1.2-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
branch_color color: brown
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 1, high: 4
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: red-brown
color: orange-brown
color: red-brown-orange-brown
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_shape shape: slender
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_trichome_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_color color: gray
nut_count low: 6, high: 8
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 10.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus baronii Shrubs or trees to 15 m tall, semievergreen. Branchlets and abaxial surface of blades with grayish white stellate pubescence on 1st-year growth, usually glabrescent. Petiole 3-7 mm, yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 × 1.3-2 cm, loose stellate pubescent when young; midvein abaxially with yellowish gray villous hairs, glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/3 or more sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein and slightly protruding from margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-1.5 cm; cupules 1-several. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis 0.5-1.5 cm, thinly tomentose, glabrescent. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × 1.2-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; bracts subulate, 3-5 mm, inflexed, grayish pubescent. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1-1.2 cm, apex flat or slightly depressed; scar 4-5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm, white pubescent. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: subulate
bract_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_surface surface: surface, location: abaxial
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 6, high: 7, subpart_as_loc: from margin
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray-white, location: abaxial
leaf_count low: 1, location: abaxial
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-gray
leaf_hair_surface surface: villose
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: stellate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: stellate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: from margin
venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: from margin
venation: vein
nut_color color: white
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_color color: yellow-gray
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus bawanglingensis Trees 6-8 m tall, evergreen. Petiole 5-8 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 4-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, thickly papery, base broadly cuneate to rounded and sometimes oblique, margin denticulate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, reticulate. Infructescences 3-6 mm, usually 1-fruited at maturity. Cupule cupular, 3-5 × 0.9-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts ovate to obtusely triangular, appressed imbricate, covered with short, gray hairs and scalelike glands. Nut broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar 5-6 mm in diam.; stylopodium ca. 1 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_hair_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
infructescence_count low: 1
infructescence_shape shape: cupular
infructescence_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_count low: 6, high: 9
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: denticulate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: reticulate
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 8.0, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
Fagaceae Quercus chenii Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. First-year branchlets ca. 1.5 mm thick. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 7-12 × 2-3.5 cm, yellowish brown tomentose, glabrescent or only veins abaxially tomentose at axils, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and slightly oblique, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts from base to middle triangular, adherent to cupule, tomentose, ca. 3 mm, apical bracts linear, ca. 5 mm, rectiserial or inflexed. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1.3-1.5 cm, apex pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised, stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam., pale brown sericeous. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 12, high: 16
bract_shape shape: cupular
shape: triangular
shape: linear
bract_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose, subpart_as_loc: at axils
leaf_venation venation: vein, subpart_as_loc: at axils
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_color color: brown
nut_apex_surface surface: sericeous
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: sericeous
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus cocciferoides Trees to 15 m tall, semievergreen. Young branchlets tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 5-8 mm, tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, 3-8 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, pubescent when young, glabrescent, base rounded to cuneate and often oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences ca. 2.5 cm, cupules 4 or 5. Cupule cupular to kettle-shaped, 1-1.2 × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, usually not adhered to cupule, with appressed grayish hairs. Nut subglobose, 1-1.2 × ca. 1 cm, apex mucronate, tomentose; scar 2-3 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_hair_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 5
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf_count low: 6, high: 8
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: mucronate
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus dentata Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets strong, sulcate, densely yellowish gray stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-5 mm, densely brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, 10-30 × 6-30 cm, abaxially densely grayish brown stellate tomentose, adaxially dark green and pubescent but glabrescent, base rounded, margin with a few undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex with short, blunt tip; secondary veins 4-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 1-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.2-2 × 2-5 cm including bracts, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; bracts reddish brown, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, inflexed or erect, leathery, abaxially with brown filiform hairs, adaxially glabrous. Nut ovoid to broadly so, 1.5-2.3 × 1.2-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: red-brown
bract_hair_color color: brown
bract_hair_shape shape: filiform
bract_shape shape: cupular
shape: lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: glabrous
branch_color color: yellow-gray
branch_shape shape: sulcate
shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 10
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray-brown
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: undulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 30.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus dolicholepis Trees to 16 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets yellowish gray stellate tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 4-5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-spatulate, or obovate-elliptic, 2-8 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery, with yellowish brown simple or fascicled hairs when young, abaxially pubescent or glabrescent, adaxially smooth or rugose, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or cordate, margin entire or apically serrate, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to obscure. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Cupule cupular, ca. 1 × 2 cm including bracts, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut; bracts reddish brown, linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, grayish pilose, apex reflexed. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.2-1.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm, apex tomentose; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: red-brown
color: gray
bract_shape shape: cupular
shape: linear-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pilose
branch_color color: yellow-gray
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 7, high: 8
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-spatulate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: smooth
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: tomentose
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 16.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus engleriana Trees to 25 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets yellowish gray tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic, 6-16 × 2.5-5.5 cm, densely yellowish brown pubescent but glabrescent or abaxially retaining fascicled hairs on axil of veins, adaxially flat to rugose, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or rarely shallowly cordate, margin serrate from middle to apex or sometimes entire, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat or sometimes impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to prominent or obscured by indumentum when young. Female inflorescences axillary on apical portion of young shoots, 1-3 cm. Infructescence 1-5 cm; cupules 1-10. Cupule bowl-shaped, 4-7 × 8-12 mm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, grayish brown pubescent basal to middle, apex purple red and glabrous. Nut narrowly ovoid, 1-2 × 0.6-1 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium 2-3 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: purple-red
bract_apex_surface surface: glabrous
bract_color color: gray-brown, location: basal
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent, location: basal
branch_color color: yellow-gray
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
indumentum_count low: 10, high: 13
indumentum_shape shape: slender
indumentum_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
indumentum_venation venation: vein
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 1, high: 10
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_hair_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
margin: entire, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus fabri Trees or occasionally large shrubs, to 20 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets densely gray to grayish brown tomentose. Petiole 3-5 mm, yellowish brown pubescent; leaf blade obovate to elliptic-obovate, 7-15 × 3-8 cm, both surfaces with yellowish gray stellate hairs, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin undulate to serrate, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-4 cm; cupules 2-4. Cupule cupular, 4-8 × 8-11 mm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, ca. 1.7 × 0.7-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly raised. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
branch_color color: gray
color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
inflorescence_count low: 2, high: 4
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_count low: 8, high: 12
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-gray
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: surface
leaf_margin margin: undulate
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
shrub_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
Fagaceae Quercus franchetii Trees to 15 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely with yellowish gray simple and fascicled hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm, densely yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 5-12 × 2.5-6 cm, thinly leathery, with dense yellowish gray glandular fascicled or simple hairs when young, abaxially densely with yellowish gray and glandular hairs with age, base cuneate to rounded, margin glandular-tipped serrate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to obtuse; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 5 or 6. Infructescence 1-2 cm; rachis densely yellowish gray tomentose. Cupule cupular to sometimes discoid, (0.4-)0.7-1.2 × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing to 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 2 mm, abaxially tuberculate, gray tomentose. Nut subglobose, 1.1-1.3 × 0.9-1.3 cm, sparsely gray tomentose, apex truncate to depressed; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_hair_color color: yellow-gray
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_count low: 5, high: 6
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-gray
color: yellow-gray
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: serrate, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_margin_surface surface: glandular, subpart_as_loc: to apex
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: truncate
nut_color color: gray
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_min: 0.4, length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_color color: yellow-gray
petiole_hair_count low: 1
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: yellow-gray
rachis_shape shape: cupular
shape: disk
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus fulvisericeus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Quercus griffithii Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets yellowish gray pilose or pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1 cm, grayish brown shaggy; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 10-20(-30) × 4-10 cm, abaxially densely with grayish stellate hairs, sometimes glabrescent, base rounded to narrowly cuneate, margin serrulate, apex shortly acuminate to acuminate; midvein abaxially with long simple hairs; secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots; cupules solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts narrowly ovate-triangular. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: ovate-triangular
bract_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: yellow-gray
branch_surface surface: pilose
surface: pubescent
fascicles_count low: 2, high: 3
fascicles_shape shape: cupular
fascicles_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 12, high: 18
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_color color: gray
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_max: 30.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: gray-brown
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
solitary_hair_count low: 1
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus guyavifolia Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E. H. Wilson var. rufescens (Franchet) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; Q. ilex Linnaeus var. rufescens Franchet; Q. pannosa Handel-Mazzetti; Q. pileata Hu & W. C. Cheng; Q. semecarpifolia Smith var. rufescens (Franchet) Schottky. Shrubs or trees to 15 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely reddish to dark brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole (1-)2-4(-7) mm, brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 2-9 × 1.5-5 cm, abaxially with brown spongy glandular hairs and pale brown stellate hairs and not glabrescent, adaxially hairy along midvein, base rounded, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 5-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins often hidden by indumentum. Female inflorescences 2-6 cm. Cupule cuculliform to shallowly cupular, 0.6-1 × 1-3 cm, margin of rim expanded to wavily rugose at maturity, inside with a thick, pale grayish brown indumentum; bracts lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1-2 mm, grayish brown tomentose from base to middle, apex reddish brown, obtuse, distinct from cupule wall, and glabrous. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., glabrous, apex obtuse; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year. * Montane forests to subalpine scrub; 2500-4000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: red-brown
bract_color color: gray-brown, subpart_as_loc: from base
bract_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: obtuse
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: tomentose, subpart_as_loc: from base
surface: glabrous
branch_color color: red
color: brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_color color: gray-brown
indumentum_count low: 5, high: 12
indumentum_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_venation venation: vein
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: brown
color: brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_shape shape: obtuse
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_min: 1.0, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_max: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus kingiana Trees to 12 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets of current year densely with yellowish gray stellate hairs, 2nd-year branchlets glabrous or sparsely hairy. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely yellowish brown tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 7-11 × 3-5 cm, abaxially with yellowish gray stellate hairs, base nearly rounded to oblique, margin apical portion serrate, apex shortly acuminate to cuspidate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised, adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences ca. 1.5 cm; rachis with yellowish gray stellate hairs. Cupule campanulate, ca. 1.5 × 2 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts triangular-ovate, crowded, gray tomentose. Nut ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 cm, apex rounded; scar raised.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular-ovate
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_count low: 2
branch_hair_color color: yellow-gray
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: glabrous
surface: hairy
infructescence_count low: 8, high: 12
infructescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: cuspidate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-gray
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_hair_color color: yellow-gray
rachis_hair_shape shape: stellate
rachis_shape shape: campanulate
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus lanata Trees to 30 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely grayish brown pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, grayish brown tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 9-20 × 3-8.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially densely with grayish stellate hairs but glabrescent, adaxially densely pubescent especially on midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots, 4-14 cm; cupules 10 or more. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1 × 0.8-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, basal bracts abaxially tuberculate, grayish brown pubescent. Nut ovoid-conical, 1.5-2 × 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jun-Jul of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 10
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_count low: 12, high: 17
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: gray
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: gray-brown
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus lodicosa Trees 15-20 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely reddish tomentose, grayish brown with age, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels inconspicuous. Petiole 0.8-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 7-14 × 3.5-5 cm, densely reddish tomentose when young, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose with age; midvein basal portion adaxially pubescent, base broadly cuneate and nearly unequal, margin except basal portion sharply serrate, apex cuspidate to shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein and adaxially impressed. Infructescences short, usually 1-fruited. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 1.8-2.2 cm; bracts broadly ovate, thick and hard, crowded, tomentose. Nut oblate-conical, ca. 2 cm in diam., glabrous or apex slightly brown tomentose; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., flat.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 14, high: 18
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: red
color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
infructescence_count low: 1
infructescence_shape shape: disk
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: cuspidate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: red
color: yellow-gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: basal
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent, location: basal
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: basal
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
nut_apex_color color: brown
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 15.0, height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus marlipoensis Trees to 18 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets ca. 4 mm in diam., yellowish brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate, lenticels brownish, oblong, convex. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, thinly tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate, 15-22 × 6-11 cm, leathery, abaxially stellate tomentose along midvein, base rounded, margin with scattered teeth or entire and slightly inflexed, apex shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-20 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 0.8 × 1.4 cm, inside grayish brown tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts ovate, crowded, purple-red tomentose except for apex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: purple-red
bract_apex_surface surface: tomentose
bract_count low: 16, high: 20
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 0.8, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: gray-brown
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
shape: cupular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 22.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: tomentose
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: oblong
shape: convex
petiole_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 18.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus mongolica Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets purple-brown, angular, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, (5-)7-19(-23) × (2-)3-11 cm, hairy along veins, glabrescent, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with (5-)7-10 undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex truncate, shortly mucronate, or cuspidate; secondary veins (5-)10-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm; cupules 4 or 5 but usually only 1 or 2 fertile. Perianth 6-lobed. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-1.8(-2.8) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts basal from cupule rim triangular-ovate, abaxial surface semiglobose tuberculate, sparsely to densely grayish pubescent; bracts at rim of cupule patent, margin fimbriate. Nut narrowly ovoid, ovoid, or ovoid-ellipsoid, (1.5-)2-2.4 × (1-)1.3-1.8(-2.3) cm, glabrous except for apex; scar 5-8(-13) mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_margin_surface surface: fimbriate
bract_rim_shape shape: triangular-ovate
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: surface, location: abaxial
surface: pubescent
branch_color color: purple-brown
branch_shape shape: angular
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 5
inflorescence_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: truncate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: undulate
leaf_margin_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 10
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: mucronate
shape: cuspidate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 7.0, length_high: 19.0, length_max: 23.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 2.0, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
nut_count low: 1, high: 2
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_min: 1.5, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.0, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_max: 2.3, width_units: cm
perianth_lobe_count low: 6
perianth_shape shape: cupular
perianth_size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_max: 2.8, width_units: cm
petiole_count min: 5, low: 10, high: 18
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus monimotricha Shrubs (0.5-)1(-2) m tall, evergreen. Branchlets nearly whorled, with brown fascicled indumentum. Petiole ca. 3 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 2-3.5 × 1.2-3 cm, with conspicuously stipitate fascicled and floccose hairs when young, abaxially retaining scattered fascicled hairs but sometimes subglabrescent, adaxially glabrescent but base of fascicled hairs remaining evident (under a hand lens), base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin with long spiniform teeth, sometimes entire, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 4-7 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescence rachis 5-10 mm; cupules 1 or 2. Cupule shallowly cupular, 3-4 × ca. 10 mm, covering base of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, grayish brown tomentose, patent at rim of cupule. Nut ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.8-1 cm, glabrous or apex glabrescent; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly raised, stylopodium ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray-brown
bract_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_color color: brown
infructescence_count low: 4, high: 7
infructescence_size length_low: 4.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_surface surface: floccose
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
shrub_size height_min: 0.5, height_low: 1.0, height_max: 2.0, height_units: m
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Quercus multinervis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae Quercus oxyphylla Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, often finely striate. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, densely with yellowish brown stellate hairs; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 5-12 × 2-6 cm, stellate tomentose when young, abaxially pubescent with age, base rounded to cordate, margin apically with shallow teeth or entire, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 6-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Infructescence 1-2 cm, rachis pubescent, with 1 or 2 cupules. Cupule cupular, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, yellowish brown tomentose, apex inflexed. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, 2-2.5 × 1-1.4 cm, apex yellowish brown pubescent; scar 3-5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_shape shape: cupular
shape: linear-lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
branch_venation venation: striate
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
infructescence_count low: 6, high: 12
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: stellate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_color color: yellow-brown
nut_apex_surface surface: pubescent
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_hair_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
petiole_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus palustris Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets brown, glabrous. Petiole 2.5-5 cm, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 10-20 × 7-10 cm, abaxially greenish and glabrous or floccose, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin with 5-7 lobes on each side ending in 10-30 awns, apex acuminate. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm; cupules solitary or 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1-1.2 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, crowded, glabrous. Nut brownish, narrowly ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent, glabrescent, apex rounded; scar flat or slightly impressed; stylopodium present. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_surface surface: glabrous
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
inflorescence_lobe_count low: 10, high: 30
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 7
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: floccose
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: pubescent
nut_venation venation: impressed
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
solitary_count low: 2, high: 3
solitary_shape shape: cupular
solitary_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus phillyreoides Shrubs or trees to 10 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets slender, grayish brown pubescent, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 3-5 mm, pilose; leaf blade green, obovate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly ovate, 2-6(-8) × 1.5-3 cm, glabrescent or midvein abaxially remaining pilose with age, base rounded to nearly cordate, margin glandular serrulate, apex mucronate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to evident but very slender. Female inflorescences 1-4 cm. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, crowded, grayish pubescent except for apex. Nut ellipsoid, 1-2 × 0.5-1 cm; scar 3-4 mm in diam., flat or slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: gray
bract_apex_surface surface: pubescent
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
branch_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 13
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: serrulate
leaf_margin_surface surface: glandular
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pilose
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pilose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus rehderiana Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets pale brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 2-5(-7) mm, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblong, or obovate, 3-8(-13) × 2-5(-6) cm, reddish brown to orangish brown stellate, abaxially glabrescent but usually retaining some stellate hairs, adaxially glabrescent but pubescent along the midvein, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; midvein flexuous; secondary veins 4-8(-12) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences 3.5-16 cm. Infructescences 6-16 cm; rachis brown tomentose. Cupule shallowly cupular, 4-7 mm × (0.6-)1-1.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut; bracts linear-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, densely yellowish gray pubescent, apex obtuse, brown, and glabrous. Nut ovoid, 1-1.2 × 0.7-1.2 cm, glabrous or apex slightly pubescent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: obtuse
bract_color color: yellow-gray
color: brown
bract_shape shape: linear-lanceolate
shape: triangular-ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
branch_color color: brown
branch_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 8, max: 12
inflorescence_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_color color: red-brown
color: orange-brown
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 8.0, length_max: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 7.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
rachis_color color: brown
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_min: 0.6, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus robur Trees 40-50 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets pubescent, soon glabrescent; branchlets reddish brown, glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, rounded. Petiole 2-5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, 5-17 × 2-10 cm, abaxially greenish and hairy along veins but glabrescent, adaxially green, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with 5-7 rounded or retuse lobes on each side, apex truncate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 5-7(-10) on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm. Perianth usually 6-lobed. Cupule shallowly cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, flat or abaxially slightly protruding, sparsely pubescent. Nut ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1-1.3 cm, apex pubescent; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_color color: red-brown
branch_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 5, high: 7, max: 10
leaf_apex_shape shape: truncate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf_color color: green
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_count low: 5, high: 7
leaf_lobe_shape shape: orbicular
shape: retuse
leaf_shape shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 10.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: hairy
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_apex_surface surface: pubescent
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
perianth_lobe_count low: 6
perianth_shape shape: cupular
perianth_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_low: 40.0, height_high: 50.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus semecarpifolia Quercus semecarpifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Quercus obtusifolia D. Don. Trees to 30 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets with prominent stellate hairs, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels narrowly rounded. Petiole 2-6 mm, brown tomentose and with stellate hairs, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly so, 5-12 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially with brown stellate hairs and scurfy powder, adaxially glabrescent or sparsely with stellate hairs, base shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins usually abaxially obscured by indumentum. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules, 2-7 cm, glabrous. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to discoid, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, at maturity inside wall usually in contact with nut ± only in region of scar, inside with a thick pale grayish brown indumentum; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm, grayish pubescent, apex brown. Nut sometimes purple-brown, subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., glabrous or apex glabrescent; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., flat or slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year. Montane forests; 2600-4000 m. S Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan]
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: brown
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: pubescent
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_color color: gray-brown
indumentum_count low: 8, high: 14
indumentum_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_venation venation: vein
infructescence_count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence_shape shape: saucerlike
shape: disk
infructescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
infructescence_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: scurfy
leaf_margin margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
nut_color color: purple-brown
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_hair_color color: brown
petiole_hair_shape shape: stellate
petiole_hair_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus senescens Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. evergreen. Young branchlets densely yellowish grayish brown stellate tomentose, somewhat glabrescent but with a persistent brown indumentum. Petiole 2-4 mm, densely yellowish grayish brown stellate tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, (2.5-)3-5(-8) × 1.2-2.5(-4.5) cm, when young densely with pale grayish brown non-glandular fascicled hairs and fascicled hairs on short stalks, abaxially with pale grayish brown fascicled hairs, adaxially glabrescent but base of fascicled hairs remaining evident (under a hand lens), base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure under thick indumentum. Infructescence ca. 1 cm, rachis densely pale grayish brown tomentose, glabrescent. Cupule cupular, 5-8 × 7-15 mm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, crowded, gray tomentose. Nut ovoid, 1.2-1.8 × 0.8-1.1 cm, glabrous; scar 4-5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: yellow-gray-brown
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
indumentum_color color: brown
indumentum_count low: 6, high: 10
indumentum_duration duration: persistent
indumentum_venation venation: vein
infructescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf_size length_min: 2.5, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 4.5, width_units: cm
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.1, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: yellow-gray-brown
petiole_shape shape: stellate
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: gray-brown
rachis_shape shape: cupular
rachis_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
shrub_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
stalk_apex_shape shape: obtuse
stalk_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
stalk_hair_color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
stalk_hair_surface surface: glandular
stalk_margin margin: entire
stalk_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Fagaceae Quercus serrata Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petiole to 3 cm, glabrous or glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate, (5-)7-17 × (1.5-)3-9 cm, thinly leathery, with adherent single hairs when young, abaxially glabrous or occasionally stellate tomentose, base cuneate to nearly rounded, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, adherent, margin pilose. Nut ovoid to ovoid-globose, 1.7-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm; scar 5-6 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_margin_surface surface: pilose
bract_shape shape: triangular
bract_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 7, high: 12
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_margin_surface surface: glandular
leaf_shape shape: petiolate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 5.0, length_low: 7.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-spheric
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus setulosa Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-11 × 1.5-4.5 cm, abaxially greenish and glabrous or midvein and axil of veins with yellowish brown stellate hairs, adaxially brightly green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin hispidulous, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 5 × 10 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, grayish tomentose. Nut brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × ca. 0.9 cm, glabrous or apex slightly pubescent; scar ca. 3 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium short. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: gray
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_color color: green
leaf_axil_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_axil_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_margin_surface surface: hispid
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
nut_color color: brown
nut_count low: 9, high: 12
nut_shape shape: cupular
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus spinosa Trees 6-10(-20) m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets with yellowish brown stellate hairs, glabrescent. Petiole 1-3 mm; leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 2.5-7(-16) × 1.5-4 cm, rugose or smooth, with glandular simple and fascicled hairs when young, abaxially glabrescent but often some hairs remaining on base of midvein, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded to cordate, margin with spiniform teeth or entire, apex rounded to obtuse (sometimes acute to acuminate in Taiwan); midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; midvein flexuous; secondary veins 4-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences 1-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 4-9 × 7-15 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut; bracts triangular to triangular-ovate, 1-1.5 mm, crowded, gray pubescent except for apex. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.2-2 × 0.7-1.3 cm; scar ca. 5 mm in diam.; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: gray
bract_apex_surface surface: pubescent
bract_shape shape: triangular
shape: triangular-ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
branch_hair_color color: yellow-brown
branch_hair_shape shape: stellate
branch_size length_low: 5.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 4, high: 8
inflorescence_shape shape: cupular
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf_base_venation venation: midrib
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_count low: 1
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, length_max: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: smooth
leaf_tooth_margin margin: entire
leaf_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: impressed
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.0, width_high: 15.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
tree_size height_low: 6.0, height_high: 10.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus tarokoensis Trees to 12 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets slender, grayish brown pubescent, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, orbicular. Petiole 3-5 mm, brown tomentose; leaf blade narrowly ovate, 2-4 × 1.5-2.8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially midvein densely with brown stellate hairs or glabrous, adaxially midvein basal portion sometimes stellate, base shallowly cordate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, 5-7 mm × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, densely grayish brown pubescent except for apex. Nut narrowly ovoid, 1.4-1.8 × 0.8-1 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Nov-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_color color: gray-brown
bract_apex_surface surface: pubescent
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_shape shape: slender
branch_surface surface: pubescent
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cordate
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: brown
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: midrib, location: basal
venation: midrib
venation: vein
lenticel_color color: brown
lenticel_shape shape: orbicular
nut_shape shape: cupular
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
nut_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_color color: brown
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus utilis Trees to 10 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets thin, finely striate, sparsely stellate tomentose, grayish with age, glabrescent. Petiole thin, 2-5 mm, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate, 2.5-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially greenish and with stellate hairs in axil of secondary veins, adaxially brightly green and sparsely stellate on midvein, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin glandular serrulate, apex shortly mucronate; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 5 mm thick, with stellate hairs. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-7 mm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, crowded, densely yellowish brown tomentose. Nut ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 7 mm, brown, glabrous but apex with filiform hairs and acuminate; scar ca. 2 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-brown
bract_shape shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: tomentose
branch_color color: gray
branch_shape shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
branch_venation venation: striate
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_hair_color color: green
leaf_hair_shape shape: stellate
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
nut_apex_surface surface: glabrous
nut_color color: brown
nut_hair_shape shape: filiform
shape: acuminate
nut_shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 10.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, width_low: 7.0, width_units: mm
petiole_apex_shape shape: mucronate
petiole_axil_venation venation: vein
petiole_base_shape shape: cuneate
petiole_color color: green
petiole_count low: 9, high: 11
petiole_margin margin: serrulate
petiole_margin_surface surface: glandular
petiole_shape shape: stellate
shape: slender
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: impressed
venation: vein
rachis_count low: 1, high: 2
rachis_hair_shape shape: stellate
rachis_shape shape: saucerlike
rachis_size thickness_low: 5.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
surface_leader surface_leader: thinly
surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus variabilis Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets grayish brown, glabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 8-15(-20) × 2-6(-8) cm, abaxially densely grayish stellate tomentose, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, ± parallel. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.5 × 2.5-4 cm including bracts, enclosing 2/3 of nut; bracts subulate, inflexed, pilose. Nut subglobose to broadly ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., apex rounded, pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam., pale brown tomentose. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_shape shape: cupular
shape: subulate
bract_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: pilose
branch_color color: gray-brown
branch_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
inflorescence_count low: 13, high: 18
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: gray
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: stellate
shape: slender
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_max: 20.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_max: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
venation: vein
venation: parallel
nut_apex_shape shape: orbicular
nut_color color: brown
color: brown
nut_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
nut_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
nut_surface surface: sericeous
surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Fagaceae Quercus yunnanensis Trees to 20 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets sulcate, densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, lenticellate. Petiole ca. 4-8 mm, densely yellowish brown tomentose; leaf blade elliptic to broadly obovate, (8-)12-25 × (3-)6-20 cm, densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin with 8-10 large serrations on each side, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences borne on apical portion of shoot, 2-4 cm; cupules usually 1-3. Cupule campanulate, (0.5-)1.5-1.8 × 1-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-2/3 of nut; bracts yellowish gray to brown, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.5-8 mm, erect or prostrate, leathery, abaxially with gray filiform hairs. Nut ovoid, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 cm; stylopodium ca. 3 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_color color: yellow-gray
color: brown
bract_hair_color color: gray
bract_hair_shape shape: filiform
bract_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
bract_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
branch_color color: yellow-brown
branch_shape shape: sulcate
shape: stellate
branch_surface surface: tomentose
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
habit habit: prostrate
inflorescence_count low: 8, high: 13
inflorescence_shape shape: campanulate
inflorescence_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_color color: yellow-brown
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin_count low: 8, high: 10
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf_size length_min: 8.0, length_low: 12.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 3.0, width_low: 6.0, width_high: 20.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: vein
venation: midrib
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
nut_shape shape: ovoid
nut_size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
petiole_color color: yellow-brown
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Annamocarya Trees evergreen, monoecious. Branchlets with solid pith, rarely with hollow pith probably due to ants. Terminal buds with false-valved scales. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 7 or 9(or 11), margin entire. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on new growth; male and female inflorescences separate: male spikes in clusters of 5-8, lateral in axils of new foliage leaves, pendulous; female spike terminal on new growth, erect. Flowers anemophilous. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals apparently absent; stamens 5-15, anthers pubescent. Female flowers with an entire bract adnate to ovary; bracteoles 3, adnate to ovary; sepals apparently absent; style possibly present; stigmas commissural, stigmatic disc apparently absent. Fruiting spike erect. Fruit a drupelike nut with a thick, 4-9-valved husk covering a smooth shell 2-chambered at base. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: pubescent
bract_count low: 2
low: 3
bract_margin margin: entire, part_as_loc: adnate to ovary
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
disk_count low: 0
fruit_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at base
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 7, high: 9, max: 11
leaflet_margin margin: entire
nut_count low: 4, high: 9, subpart_as_loc: at base
nut_surface surface: smooth, subpart_as_loc: at base
sepal_count low: 0
low: 0
spikes_count_male low: 5, high: 8, count_group: cluster, sex: male
stamen_count low: 5, high: 15
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Juglandaceae Annamocarya sinensis Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves 30-50 cm; petiole 5-15.5 cm, glabrous; rachis glabrous; leaflets 7 or 9(or 11), peltate scales rare or absent; lateral leaflets with petiolule 2-8 mm, blade long elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 12-23 × 4-9 cm, abaxially glabrous except for a few hairs in axils of midvein and secondary veins, base cuneate or obtuse, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 5-20 mm. Male spikes 13-15 cm; peduncle 3-6 cm. Nuts globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, apex acuminate-beaked, 6-8 × 4-6 cm; husk with prominent, longitudinal ribs or keels; shell without longitudinal ridges, 3-4 mm thick, lacunae absent. Fl. Apr-May, Nov, fr. Aug-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_count low: 0
keel_size thickness_low: 3.0, thickness_high: 4.0, thickness_units: mm
keel_venation venation: rib
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count low: 7, high: 9, max: 11
leaflet_scales_count low: 0
leaflet_scales_shape shape: peltate
nut_apex_shape shape: acuminate
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
peduncle_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 15.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
petiolule_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
spikes_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Carya Trees deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with solid pith. Terminal buds naked or with false-valved scales (or overlapping). Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 3-17, margin serrate. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth; male and female inflorescences separate: male spikes in clusters of 3, lateral at base of new growth or rarely on old growth, pendulous; female spike terminal on new growth, erect. Flowers anemophilous. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals usually absent; stamens (2 or)3-7(-10), anthers pubescent or rarely glabrous. Female flowers with an entire bract adnate to ovary; bracteoles 3, adnate to ovary; sepals absent; style absent; stigmas commissural, stigmatic disc 4-lobed. Fruiting spike erect. Fruit a drupelike nut with a thick, 4-valved husk covering a smooth or wrinkled shell 2-4-chambered at base. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 10
anther_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
bract_count low: 2
low: 3
bract_margin margin: entire, part_as_loc: adnate to ovary
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
disk_lobe_count low: 4
fruit_count low: 2, high: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 3, high: 17
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
nut_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
nut_surface surface: smooth, subpart_as_loc: at base
sepal_count low: 0
low: 0
spikes_count_male low: 3, count_group: cluster, sex: male
spikes_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
stamen_count min: 2, low: 3, high: 7
stigma_count low: 0, location: style
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Juglandaceae Carya cathayensis Trees to 20 m tall. Terminal buds naked, rusty brown. Leaves 16-30 cm; petiole 4-9 cm, glabrous; rachis pubescent; leaflets 5 or 7, lateral ones sessile or with petiolule ca. 1 mm, blade lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10-18 × 2-5 cm, with abundant, peltate scales, abaxially glabrous except for hairs along midvein and in axils of secondary veins, base cuneate or subrounded, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 4-10 mm. Male spikes 10-15 cm; peduncle 1-2 cm. Anthers puberulent. Nuts ellipsoid, 2-3 × 1.5-2.3 cm; husk winged to base; shell with 4 faint, longitudinal ridges, 1-2 mm thick, 4-chambered at base, lacunae absent. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
anther_surface surface: puberulent
bud_color color: brown
fruit_count low: 0
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 16.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 10.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 7
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
petiolule_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spikes_size length_low: 10.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Carya hunanensis Trees to 14 m tall. Terminal buds naked, rusty brown. Leaves 20-30 cm; petiole 4-8 cm, glabrous; rachis pubescent; leaflets (5 or)7 or 9, lateral ones sessile, blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (6-)11-18 × (2-)3.5-7 cm, with abundant, peltate scales, abaxially ± glabrous except for hairs along midvein and in axils of secondary veins, base cuneate, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 0-5 mm. Male spikes unknown. Nuts obovoid, (2-)3-3.7 × 2.3-3 cm; husk winged to middle; shell with 4 faint, longitudinal ridges, 1.5-2.5 mm thick, 4-chambered at base, lacunae absent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Nov
Trait Label Trait Data
bud_color color: brown
fruit_count low: 0
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
length_min: 6.0, length_low: 11.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 2.0, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: obovoid
nut_size length_min: 2.0, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.3, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size_male length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spikes_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
tree_size height_high: 14.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Carya illinoinensis Trees to 50 m tall. Terminal buds with 4 or more false-valved scales, yellowish brown. Leaves 25-35 cm; petiole 4-8 cm, glabrous or glabrescent; rachis generally glabrous or glabrescent; leaflets (7 or)9-13(-17), lateral ones shortly petiolulate or sessile, blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or long elliptic, 7-18 × 2.5-4 cm, with scattered, peltate scales, abaxially pubescent or glabrescent, base oblique, broadly cuneate or subrounded, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 5-25 mm. Male spikes 8-14 cm; peduncle nearly absent. Anthers sparsely pilose. Nuts ovoid-ellipsoid, 3-5 × 2-3 cm; husk without prominent wings; shell without longitudinal ridges, ca. 1 mm thick, 2-chambered at base, lacunae present. Fl. May, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 32, rarely 64.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: pilose
bud_color color: yellow-brown
bud_scales_count low: 4, location: terminal
fruit_count low: 64
fruit_size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_count low: 17
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaflet_count min: 7, low: 9, high: 13
nut_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at base
nut_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
peduncle_count low: 0
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
spikes_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 50.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Carya kweichowensis Trees to 20 m tall. Terminal buds naked, immature leaflets brownish black. Leaves 11-20 cm; petiole 2-4 cm, glabrous; rachis glabrous; leaflets 5, lateral ones with petiolule 1-5 mm, blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (3-)6-14 × 2-7 cm, virtually without peltate scales, abaxially glabrous except for hairs along midvein and clusters in axils of secondary veins, base oblique, obtuse or cuneate, apex obtuse or acute; terminal petiolule 5-10 mm. Male spikes ca. 14 cm; peduncle ca. 1 cm. Anthers glabrous. Nuts compressed-globose, 2-2.5 × 2-2.5 cm; husk wingless; shell without longitudinal ridges, ca. 2.5 mm thick, 4-chambered at base, lacunae present. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: glabrous
fruit_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
fruit_size thickness_low: 2.5, thickness_units: mm, uncertain: True
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 11.0, length_high: 20.0, length_units: cm
length_min: 3.0, length_low: 6.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_color color: brown-black
leaflet_count low: 5
nut_shape shape: spheric
nut_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
petiolule_size_male length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
spikes_size length_low: 14.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Carya tonkinensis Trees to 15 m tall. Terminal buds naked, brown. Leaves 15-25 cm; petiole ca. 6 cm, pubescent; rachis pubescent; leaflets 5 or 7, lateral ones sessile or shortly petiolulate, blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, 7-18 × 2-6 cm, with abundant, peltate scales, abaxially glabrous except for hairs along midvein and in axils of secondary veins, base oblique, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 0-5(-10) mm. Male spikes 12-13 cm; peduncle 1-5 cm. Anthers puberulent. Nuts subglobose, 2.2-2.5 × 2.6-3 cm; husk without prominent wings; shell with 4 faint, longitudinal ridges, 1.2-2.3 mm, 4-chambered at base, lacunae absent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
anther_surface surface: puberulent
bud_color color: brown
fruit_count low: 0
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.3, length_units: mm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obovate-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 7
nut_count low: 4
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.6, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
peduncle_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
petiolule_size_male length_high: 5.0, length_max: 10.0, length_units: mm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spikes_size length_low: 12.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Cyclocarya Trees deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with chambered pith. Terminal buds oblong, naked. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets (5 or)7 or 9(or 11), margin serrate. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth, pendulous; male and female inflorescences separate: male spikes in clusters of 3-5, lateral on old growth; female spike solitary, terminal on new growth. Flowers anemophilous. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals 2; stamens 20-31, anthers pubescent. Female flowers subtended by a small, entire bract, adnate to bracteoles and virtually submerged in wing complex; bracteoles 2, united and adnate to ovary; sepals 4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; style short; stigmas commissural, 2-lobed, plumose. Fruiting spike elongate, pendulous. Fruit a disc-winged nutlet, 2-4-chambered at base. Germination most likely hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: pubescent
bract_count low: 2
low: 2
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
bud_shape shape: oblong
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
leaf_count low: 11
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 9
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
nutlet_count low: 2, high: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
sepal_count low: 2
low: 4
spike_shape shape: elongate
shape: pendulous
spikes_count_male low: 3, high: 5, count_group: cluster, sex: male
stamen_count low: 20, high: 31
stigma_lobe_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Juglandaceae Cyclocarya paliurus Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves 20-25 cm; petiole 2.5-5 cm, tomentose or sometimes glabrescent; rachis tomentose; leaf-
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia Trees deciduous, semievergreen or evergreen, monoecious or rarely dioecious. Branchlets with solid pith. Terminal buds oblong, naked. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate; leaflets 2-14, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth: male and female spikes in androgynous panicles or separate; male spikes solitary or clustered, pendulous; female spike many flowered, erect or recurved in fruit. Flowers anemophilous. Male flowers with a 3-lobed bract; bracteoles 2, rarely absent; sepals 1-4, rarely absent; stamens 3-15, anthers glabrous or pubescent. Female flowers subtended by an enlarged, 3-lobed bract; bracteoles 2, united, reduced to a low rim or forming a conspicuous, anterior prophyll, adnate to base of ovary; sepals 4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; style absent or elongate; stigmas carinal or commissural, 2-lobed, with 2 or 4 plumose branches, or short and 4-lobed. Fruiting spike elongate, pendulous. Fruit a 3-winged nutlet, (2-)4-chambered at base. Germination epigeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 0
anther_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
bract_count low: 2
low: 2
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_count_male low: 3, sex: male
branch_count low: 2, high: 4
branch_shape shape: plumose
bud_shape shape: oblong
flower_count low: 0
fruit_count low: 3
fruit_shape shape: recurved
habit habit: epigeal
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 2, high: 14
leaflet_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
nutlet_count min: 2, low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
ovary_count low: 0, location: style
panicle_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
sepal_count low: 1, high: 4
low: 4
sepal_shape shape: elongate
solitary_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
spike_lobe_count low: 4
spike_shape shape: elongate
shape: pendulous
stamen_count low: 3, high: 15
stigma_lobe_count low: 2
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
reproduction: dioecious
Juglandaceae Engelhardia hainanensis Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, 15-23 cm; petiole 4.8-7 cm, pubescent or glabrescent; rachis pubescent; leaflets 6-10, petiolule 2-3 mm, blade oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 5-10.5 × 2.5-4 cm, abaxially pubescent along midvein and with scattered hairs in vein axils, base oblique, subobtuse or subcordate, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Nutlets obovoid, 8-10 × 5-7 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 5-6 cm, lateral wings 2.5-2.8 cm. Fr. Dec-Jan.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_hair_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_margin margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: oblong-ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: subobtuse
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 6, high: 10
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: obovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_size length_low: 4.8, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
petiolule_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia roxburghiana Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, 1-25 cm; petiole 1-8 cm, glabrous; rachis glabrous; leaflets 2-10, entire, petiolule 2-15 mm, blade elliptic-lanceolate to long elliptic, 4.5-14 × 1.5-5 cm, abaxially glabrous or puberulent, base oblique, apex acuminate or shortly acuminate. Nutlets globose, 3-5 mm, glabrous; wings glabrous, middle wing 1.5-5 cm, lateral wings 0.7-2.7 cm. Fl. Feb-Aug, fr. Jan-Dec. 2n = 32
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 2, high: 10
leaflet_margin margin: entire
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: spheric
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia serrata var. cambodica Trees to 12 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate, 15-25 cm; petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose; rachis tomentose; leaflets 6-14, sessile to shortly petiolulate, blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, (2-)6-13 × (1.5-)2.5-4.5 cm, abaxially tomentose, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margin irregularly serrate or entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Nutlets globose, ca. 3 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 2-2.5 cm, lateral wings ca. 1.3 cm. Fl. Feb, fr. Apr.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 1.3, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_min: 2.0, length_low: 6.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 6, high: 14
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: spheric
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 12.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata Trees to 20 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate, 15-35 cm; petiole 2.5-11.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; rachis glabrous or pubescent; leaflets 4-14, entire, sessile or petiolulate, blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-ovate, 7-15 × 2-7 cm, abaxially glabrous or pubescent, base broadly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate. Nutlets globose or ovoid, 3-6 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 2.5-3.5 cm, lateral wings ca. 1.5-2 cm. Fl. Nov-Apr, fr. Jan-Aug(-Nov). 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-ovate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 4, high: 14
leaflet_margin margin: entire
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 11.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata var. aceriflora Trees to 10 m tall. Leaves 8-15 cm; petiole 4.5-9 cm, glabrous to puberulent; rachis usually slightly pubescent; leaflets 4-10, petiolule sessile to 5 mm, blade narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, abaxially puberulent or glabrous, base oblique, obtuse, apex acuminate. Fruiting spike 15-30(-40) cm, tomentose. Nutlets ovoid, ca. 6 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 3-3.8 cm, lateral wings 1.5-1.8 cm. Fl. Mar, fr. Apr-May, Nov. 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obtuse
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: puberulent
surface: glabrous
leaflet_count low: 4, high: 10
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.8, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: ovoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
petiolule_size length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spike_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: cm
spike_surface surface: tomentose
tree_size height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata var. colebrookeana Trees to 7(-20) m tall. Leaves 15-25 cm; petiole 2-6 cm; petiole and rachis tomentose, rarely glabrescent; leaflets 4-10, petiolule to 1 cm or leaflets rarely sessile, blade broadly elliptic-ovate or broadly elliptic-obovate to long elliptic, 7-15 × 3-7 cm, abaxially tomentose or rarely glabrescent, base oblique, broadly cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse or sometimes acute. Fruiting spike 13-18 cm, densely pubescent. Nutlets globose, 4-6 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 1.9-3 cm, lateral wings 1-1.5 cm. Fl. Jan-Apr, fr. Mar-Aug(-Oct). 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
leaflet_count low: 4, high: 10
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 1.9, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: spheric
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_rachis_surface surface: tomentose
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
spike_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
spike_surface surface: pubescent
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
tree_size height_low: 7.0, height_max: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Engelhardia spicata var. spicata Trees to 20 m tall. Leaves 25-35 cm; petiole 3.5-11.5 cm, glabrous to tomentose; rachis glabrous to tomentose; leaflets (4-)8-14, petiolule 2-10 mm, blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, abaxially glabrous except for slight pubescence along midvein and in secondary vein axils, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or sometimes acute. Fruiting spike (22-) 30-45(-60) cm, glabrous. Nutlets globose, ca. 3.5 mm, hispid; wings hispid at base, middle wing 2.5-3.5 cm, lateral wings ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. Nov, fr. Jan-Feb. 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_wing_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_axil_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_axil_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 35.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 7.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 4, low: 8, high: 14
leaflet_wing_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: spheric
nutlet_size length_low: 3.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: hispid
nutlet_wing_surface surface: hispid, subpart_as_loc: at base
petiole_size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 11.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
petiolule_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
spike_size length_min: 22.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 45.0, length_max: 60.0, length_units: cm
spike_surface surface: glabrous
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen, monoecious or rarely dioecious; bark tight (or exfoliating). Branchlets with solid or chambered pith. Terminal buds subglobose or ovoid to oblong, naked or with scales. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate (or opposite), odd- or even-pinnate, sometimes trifoliolate, rarely simple; leaflets with glandular, peltate scales, often resinous and aromatic, particularly conspicuous abaxially on young leaves and twigs, margin serrate or rarely entire. Inflorescences pendulous or sometimes erect, lateral or terminal, on reduced shoots arising on branchlets of previous year (old growth) or on current year’s growth (new growth), of several types: androgynous panicle with male, lateral spikes and female, central spike; androgynous panicle with male, mainly lateral spikes and female, central spike male at apex; cluster of male spikes and solitary female spike; or solitary male and female spikes. Flowers unisexual, anemophilous, rarely entomophilous. Male flowers subtended by an entire or 3-lobed bract; bracteoles 2 or absent; sepals 0-4, adnate to receptacle when present; stamens 3-40(-100), inserted on receptacle; filaments short to nearly absent, free or united at base; anthers glabrous or pubescent, 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers with an entire or 3-lobed bracts; bracteoles 2 or 3 (or absent); sepals 0-4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; gynoecium of 2 carpels united into an inferior ovary, 1-loculed, but at base 2-4(-8)-loculed; style 1, short or elongate, rarely absent; stigmas 2, carinal or commissural, sometimes 4-lobed, plumose or fleshy; ovule 1, orthotropous. Fruiting spike elongate, and pendulous or short and erect, rarely conelike. Fruit a drupelike nut, 2-4(-8)-chambered at base, with a dehiscent or indehiscent husk, or a 2- or 3-winged or disc-winged nutlet. Seed solitary, without endosperm. Cotyledons 4-lobed, much contorted. Germination hypogeal or epigeal. 2n = (28), 32, (64).
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 2
anther_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
bract_count low: 2
low: 2, high: 3
bract_lobe_count low: 3
bract_lobe_count_male low: 3, sex: male, location: subtended
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male, location: subtended
bud_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
carpel_count low: 2, flower_location: inferior
low: 2, high: 4, max: 8, subpart_as_loc: at base
cotyledon_lobe_count low: 4
dehiscent_count low: 1, location: style
disk_count low: 2, high: 3
filament_count low: 0
flower_count low: 0
low: 0
fruit_count low: 0
habit habit: epigeal
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_shape shape: trifoliolate
leaf_twig_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 1
leaflet_scales_shape shape: peltate
leaflet_surface surface: glandular
nut_count low: 2, high: 4, max: 8, subpart_as_loc: at base
nutlet_count low: 64
ovary_count low: 1
low: 1
ovary_shape shape: elongate
panicle_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
seed_count low: 32
sepal_count low: 0, high: 4
low: 0, high: 4
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_count low: 28
spike_lobe_count low: 4
spike_shape shape: elongate
shape: pendulous
shape: conelike
stamen_count low: 3, high: 40, max: 100
stigma_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
stipule_count low: 0
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
reproduction: dioecious
Juglandaceae Juglans Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with chambered pith. Terminal buds with false-valved scales. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets 5-31, margin serrate or rarely entire. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth; male spike separate from female spike, solitary, lateral on old growth, pendulous; female spike terminal on new growth, erect. Flowers anemophilous. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals 4; stamens usually numerous, 6-40, anthers glabrous or occasionally with a few bristly hairs. Female flowers with an entire bract adnate to ovary, free at apex; bracteoles 2, adnate to ovary, free at apex; sepals 4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; style elongate with recurved branches; stigmas carinal, 2-lobed, plumose. Fruiting spike erect or pendulous. Fruit a drupelike nut with a thick, irregularly dehiscent or indehiscent husk covering a wrinkled or rough shell 2-4-chambered at base. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_count low: 6, high: 40
anther_hair_surface surface: glabrous
bract_count low: 2
low: 2
bract_margin margin: entire, part_as_loc: adnate to ovary
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
branch_shape shape: recurved
indehiscent_count low: 2, high: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 31
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
sepal_count low: 4
low: 4
sepal_shape shape: elongate, location: style
shrubs_missing missing_part: rarely shrub
solitary_shape_male shape: pendulous, sex: male
spike_shape shape: pendulous
stigma_lobe_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Juglandaceae Juglans mandshurica Trees or sometimes shrubs, to 25 m tall. Leaves 40-90 cm; petiole 5-23 cm; petiole and rachis sparsely to moderately glandular pubescent, occasionally densely so; leaflets (7 or)9-19, lateral ones sessile, blade elliptic to long elliptic or ovate-elliptic to long elliptic-lanceolate, 6-17 × 2-7.5 cm, abaxially tomentose or occasionally slightly pubescent, generally without glandular hairs, slightly to densely eglandular and glandular pubescent along midvein, base oblique, subcordate, margin serrate, rarely serrulate, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 1-5 cm. Male spike 9-40 cm. Stamens 12-40. Fruiting spike with 5-10(-13) nuts. Nuts globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, 3-7.5 × 3-5 cm; husk densely glandular pubescent, indehiscent; shell thick, rough, with 6-8 prominent ridges and deep pits and depressions. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 32
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_count low: 6, high: 8
indehiscent_surface surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_hair_surface surface: glandular
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: serrulate
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: subcordate
leaf_size length_low: 40.0, length_high: 90.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 7.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
surface: eglandular
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
leaflet_count min: 7, low: 9, high: 19
nut_count low: 5, high: 10, max: 13
nut_shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
nut_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
petiole_rachis_surface surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 23.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: terminal
shrub_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
spike_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 40.0, length_units: cm
stamen_count low: 12, high: 40
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
Juglandaceae Juglans regia Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves 25-30 cm; petiole 5-7 cm; petiole and rachis glabrescent, without glandular hairs; leaflets (3 or)5-9, entire on mature trees, sometimes obscurely serrulate on young plants; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolule 1-2 mm, blade elliptic-ovate to long elliptic, 6-15 × 3-6 cm, abaxially glabrous except for tufts of hairs in vein axils, without glandular hairs, base oblique, subrounded, apex obtuse or acute to shortly acuminate; terminal petiolule 2.5-6 cm. Male spike 5-10(-15) cm. Stamens 6-30(-40). Fruiting spike usually with 1-3(-38) nuts. Nuts subglobose, 4-6 cm; husk glabrous, irregularly dehiscent; shell thick except in commercial varieties, wrinkled. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct. 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
dehiscent_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf_axil_venation venation: vein
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf_size length_low: 25.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count min: 3, low: 5, high: 9
nut_count low: 1, high: 3, max: 38
nut_shape shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
petiole_rachis_hair_surface surface: glandular
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
petiolule_size_male length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: terminal
plant_margin margin: serrulate
spike_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 15.0, length_units: cm
stamen_count low: 6, high: 30, max: 40
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_margin margin: entire
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Juglans sigillata Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves 15-50 cm; petiole 7-12.5 cm, glabrescent; rachis glabrescent; leaflets 9 or 11(-15), entire or obscurely serrulate; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolule ca. 1 mm, blade ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-18 × 3-8 cm, base oblique, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 2-3 cm. Male spike 13.5-18 cm. Stamens 24-27. Fruiting spike with 1-3 nuts. Nuts ovoid-globose or subglobose, 3.4-6 × 3-5 cm; husk glabrescent, irregularly dehiscent; shell thick, smooth with 2 or more prominent ridges and deep pits and depressions. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
dehiscent_count low: 2
dehiscent_surface surface: smooth
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_low: 15.0, length_high: 50.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_count low: 9
leaflet_margin margin: entire
margin: serrulate
nut_count low: 1, high: 3
nut_shape shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: subglobose
nut_size length_low: 3.4, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
petiole_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.5, length_units: cm
petiolule_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
petiolule_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: terminal
rachis_count low: 11, max: 15
spike_size length_low: 13.5, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm
stamen_count low: 24, high: 27
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Platycarya Trees or occasionally shrubs, deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with solid pith. Terminal buds subglobose to ovoid, with broad, overlapping scales. Leaves odd-pinnate, rarely simple; leaflets (1-)7-15(-23), margin serrate. Inflorescences terminal on new growth, erect at apex of leafy branchlets, an androgynous panicle of male and female spikes, with mainly lateral spikes male, central spike female but male at apex, or occasionally panicle becoming wholly male when female spike aborts. Flowers entomophilous. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles absent; sepals absent; stamens 4-15, anthers glabrous. Female flowers subtended by an entire bract, ± free from ovary; bracteoles 2, adnate to ovary; sepals 2, adnate to bracteoles; style absent; stigmas carinal, 2-lobed, short, minutely plumose. Fruiting spike short, conelike, erect, with rigid, persistent bracts. Fruit a small, flattened, narrowly 2-winged nutlet, 2-chambered at base. Germination epigeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: glabrous
bract_count low: 0
low: 2
bract_duration duration: persistent
bract_margin margin: entire, location: subtended
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
bud_shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
fruit_count low: 2, subpart_as_loc: at base
habit habit: epigeal
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count min: 1, low: 7, high: 15, max: 23
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
nutlet_count low: 2
panicle_reproduction_male reproduction: androgynous, sex: male
sepal_count low: 0
low: 2
shrub_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
spike_count low: 0, location: style
spike_shape shape: conelike
stamen_count low: 4, high: 15
stigma_lobe_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
Juglandaceae Platycarya longzhouensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Juglandaceae Platycarya strobilacea Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. Leaves (6-)8-30 cm; petiole 1.2-9.2 cm, glabrous; rachis glabrous; leaflets 1-15(-23); lateral leaflets sessile, blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 3-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, except for dense cluster of hairs at base and along midvein abaxially, base oblique to cuneate; terminal leaflet with petiolule 0.6-3.5 cm, base rounded or broadly cuneate. Androgynous spike 2-10 cm; central spike female in basal 1-3 cm, male in apical 1-3.4 cm, or sometimes absent. Male spikes 2-15 cm; bracts ovate, 2-3 mm, apex acute to acuminate. Female flowers with bract straight or reflexed. Fruiting spike ovoid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid-cylindric to subglobose, 2.5-5 × (1.2-)2-3 cm; bracts lanceolate, 4-10 × 2-3 mm. Nutlets suborbicular to obovate, 3-6 × 3-6 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 28.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
bract_shape shape: ovate
shape: straight
shape: lanceolate
bract_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm, width_min: 1.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
flower_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.4, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: apical
fruit_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
shape: cuneate
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib, subpart_as_loc: at base
leaf_shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf_size length_min: 6.0, length_low: 8.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 11.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_count low: 1, high: 15, max: 23
nutlet_shape shape: orbicular
shape: obovate
nutlet_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
petiole_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 9.2, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_base_shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
petiolule_size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
shrub_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
spike_reproduction reproduction: androgynous
spike_shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: ellipsoid-cylindric
shape: subglobose
spike_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: cm
spike_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male, location: basal
spikes_count low: 0
spikes_size_male length_low: 2.0, length_high: 15.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
Juglandaceae Pterocarya Trees deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with chambered pith. Terminal buds oblong, naked, or with 2-4 overlapping scales. Leaves odd- or even-pinnate; leaflets 5-21(-25), margin serrate. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth, pendulous; male and female inflorescences separate: male spike solitary, lateral on old growth or at base of new growth; female spike terminal on new growth. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals 4; stamens 5-18, anthers glabrous or pubescent. Female flowers with a small, entire bract, adnate to ovary but nearly free at base; bracteoles 2, adnate to ovary but nearly free above bract on posterior side; sepals 4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; style short; stigmas carinal, 2-lobed, plumose. Fruiting spike elongate, pendulous. Fruit a 2-winged nutlet, 4-chambered at base. Germination epigeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
bract_count low: 2
low: 2
bract_margin margin: entire
bract_margin_male margin: entire, sex: male
bud_shape shape: oblong
fruit_count low: 2
habit habit: epigeal
inflorescence_shape shape: pendulous
leaf_duration leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_scales_count low: 2, high: 4
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 21, max: 25
leaflet_margin margin: serrate
nutlet_count low: 4, subpart_as_loc: at base
sepal_count low: 4
low: 4
spike_shape shape: elongate
shape: pendulous
stamen_count low: 5, high: 18
stigma_lobe_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: plumose
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
Juglandaceae Pterocarya hupehensis Trees to 20 m tall. Leaves odd-pinnate, (18-)20-25 cm; petiole 5-7 cm, glabrous; rachis wingless, glabrous; leaflets 5-11(-15), petiolule to 2 mm, blade long elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 8-12 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially glabrous except for hairs along midvein, in dense clusters in axils, and scattered along secondary veins, base subrounded, oblique, apex shortly acuminate. Fruiting spike 30-45 cm, axis glabrous or slightly pubescent. Nutlets subglobose, slightly ribbed, 7-8 mm, glabrous; wings broad, elliptic-ovate, 1-1.5 × 1.2-1.5 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_shape shape: elliptic-ovate
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaf_hair_venation venation: midrib
leaf_shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblique
leaf_size length_min: 18.0, length_low: 20.0, length_high: 25.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
venation: vein
leaflet_count low: 5, high: 11, max: 15
nutlet_shape shape: subglobose
nutlet_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_venation venation: rib
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
spike_axis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
spike_size length_low: 30.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
surface_leader surface_leader: shortly
tree_size height_high: 20.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya macroptera Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves odd-pinnate, 23-45 cm; petiole 2-13 cm, tomentose; rachis wingless, tomentose; leaflets (5 or) 7-13; lateral leaflets sessile or petiolule to 2 mm, blade ovate, elliptic, or long elliptic, 9-19 × 3-6 cm, abaxially pubescent, base oblique, cordate, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 1-2.5 cm. Fruiting spike 45-60(-70) cm, axis glabrous or tomentose. Nutlets 7-9 mm, base rounded, apex broadly conical, glabrous or pubescent; wings orbicular-ovate to elliptic-rhomboid, 1-3 × 1-2(-2.5) cm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.0, width_max: 2.5, width_units: cm
fruit_wing_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic-rhomboid
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: cordate
leaf_size length_low: 23.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 9.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 13
nutlet_base_shape shape: orbicular
nutlet_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: tomentose
petiolule_size length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm, location: lateral
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: tomentose
spike_axis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: tomentose
spike_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 70.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya macroptera var. delavayi Trees to 15 m tall. Leaves 20-45 cm; petiole 5-13 cm; leaflets 7-13, lateral ones elliptic or elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 7-19 × 3-6 cm, base oblique, slightly cordate or broadly cuneate, apex acute or acuminate. Fruiting spike 50-60 cm, axis tomentose. Nutlets circa 8 mm, tomentose; wings orbicular-ovate to elliptic, 1-2.5 × 1-1.3 cm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaflet_base_shape shape: oblique
leaflet_count low: 7, high: 13
leaflet_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaflet_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 19.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
nutlet_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: tomentose
nutlet_wing_shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
petiole_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 13.0, length_units: cm
spike_axis_surface surface: tomentose
spike_size length_low: 50.0, length_high: 60.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya macroptera var. insignis Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves (20-)30-45 cm; petiole 2-6 cm; leaflets (5 or)7-13, lateral ones ovate to long elliptic, 14-16 × 4-5 cm, base oblique, rounded, apex acuminate. Fruiting spike to 45 cm, axis glabrous or nearly so. Nutlets ca. 8 mm, glabrous; wings orbicular-ovate, 1.5(-2) × 2(-2.5) cm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_max: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf_size length_min: 20.0, length_low: 30.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_base_shape shape: oblique
leaflet_count min: 5, low: 7, high: 13
leaflet_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaflet_size length_low: 14.0, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
nutlet_size length_low: 8.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
nutlet_wing_shape shape: orbicular
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
spike_axis_surface surface: glabrous
spike_size length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 25.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya macroptera var. macroptera Trees to 15 m tall. Leaves 23-30(-43) cm; petiole 4-8 cm; leaflets 7-13, lateral leaflets elliptic or long elliptic, 9-18 × 3-6 cm, base oblique, cordate, apex acuminate. Fruiting spike 45-60(-70) cm, axis tomentose. Nutlets 7-9 mm, tomentose; wings elliptic-rhomboid, 2-3 × ca. 2(-2.5) cm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_max: 2.5, width_units: cm, uncertain: True
leaf_size length_low: 23.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 43.0, length_units: cm
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaflet_base_shape shape: oblique
leaflet_count low: 7, high: 13
leaflet_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: cordate
leaflet_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
nutlet_size length_low: 7.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: tomentose
nutlet_wing_shape shape: elliptic-rhomboid
petiole_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm
spike_axis_surface surface: tomentose
spike_size length_low: 45.0, length_high: 60.0, length_max: 70.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya rhoifolia Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves odd-pinnate, 20-25(-40) cm; petiole 3-7 cm, pubescent; rachis wingless, pubescent; leaflets (7-)11-21; lateral leaflets with petiolule ca. 1.5 mm, blade ovate-oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 6-12 × 1.5-4 cm, abaxially woolly pubescent along midvein and secondary veins, base oblique, rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; terminal petiolule 1.5-2 cm. Fruiting spike 20-30(-49) cm, axis pubescent. Nutlets 8-9 mm, base rounded, apex obtusely conical, glabrous; wings semiorbicular, ca. 1.3-2.1 × 0.9-1.8 cm. Fl. May, fr. Jun-Jul.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 2.1, length_units: cm, uncertain: True, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: acuminate
leaf_base_shape shape: oblique
leaf_shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 25.0, length_max: 40.0, length_units: cm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: odd-pinnate
venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaflet_count min: 7, low: 11, high: 21
nutlet_base_shape shape: orbicular
nutlet_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
petiolule_size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm, uncertain: True, location: lateral
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, location: terminal
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spike_axis_surface surface: pubescent
spike_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, length_max: 49.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya stenoptera Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate, 8-16(-25) cm; petiole 2-6.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; rachis often winged or sometimes only ridged or sulcate on some leaves, sparsely pubescent to tomentose; leaflets (6-)11-21(-25), sessile, long elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-12 × 2-3 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent, base oblique, cuneate or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Fruiting spike 20-45 cm, axis pubescent at first but becoming nearly glabrous. Nutlets long ellipsoid, 6-7 mm, slightly pubescent to glabrescent; wings linear, 1.2-2.5 × 3-6 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 32.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
fruit_wing_shape shape: linear
leaf_shape shape: sulcate
leaf_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 16.0, length_max: 25.0, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaflet_base_shape shape: oblique
leaflet_count min: 6, low: 11, high: 21, max: 25
leaflet_shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaflet_size length_low: 8.0, length_high: 12.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaflet_surface surface: pubescent
nutlet_shape shape: ellipsoid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
spike_axis_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glabrous
spike_size length_low: 20.0, length_high: 45.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Juglandaceae Pterocarya tonkinensis Trees to 30 m tall. Leaves even-pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate, 18 cm or more; petiole 4.5-7 cm, glabrescent; rachis wingless, sometimes ridged or sulcate, pubescent or glabrescent; leaflets 6-14, sessile, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 9-17 × 3-7 cm, abaxially glabrous except for hairs along midvein and secondary veins, base oblique, rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate. Fruiting spike 13-30 cm. Nutlets rhomboid, 6-7 mm, glabrous; wings linear, 1-1.7 cm × 2-6 mm. Fl. Mar, fr. May-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.7, length_units: cm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 6.0, width_units: mm
fruit_wing_shape shape: linear
leaf_size length_low: 18.0, length_units: cm
leaf_venation venation: even-pinnate
venation: odd-pinnate
leaflet_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaflet_base_shape shape: oblique
leaflet_count low: 6, high: 14
leaflet_hair_surface surface: glabrous
leaflet_hair_venation venation: midrib
venation: vein
leaflet_shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaflet_size length_low: 9.0, length_high: 17.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
nutlet_shape shape: rhomboid
nutlet_size length_low: 6.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
nutlet_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm
rachis_shape shape: sulcate
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spike_size length_low: 13.0, length_high: 30.0, length_units: cm
tree_size height_high: 30.0, height_units: m
Myricaceae Myrica Trees or shrubs evergreen or deciduous, dioecious or monoecious, with resinous, peltate glands in young parts. Leaves simple, often aggregated at apex of shoot, margin entire or serrate; stipules absent. Flowering precocious or coetaneous. Inflorescences spicate, simple or paniculate. Male flowers with 2-8(-20) stamens; filaments free or united at base, with bracteoles or not. Female flowers with 2-4 bracteoles adnate to ovary and enlarged, or free and not enlarged; ovary with resinous glands; style short, with 2 relatively long stigmatic branches. Fruit a drupe, often with headlike, wax-covered papillae; endocarp hard. Seeds erect, with membranous testa.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2, high: 4, part_as_loc: adnate to ovary
branch_count low: 2
habit habit: precocious
inflorescence_count low: 1
inflorescence_shape shape: spicate
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
shrub_gland_shape shape: peltate
shrub_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
reproduction: monoecious
stamen_count_male low: 2, high: 8, max: 20, sex: male
stipule_count low: 0
testa_surface surface: membranous
Myricaceae Myrica adenophora Shrubs or trees evergreen, monoecious, 1-3 m tall; trunk to 3 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish. Branchlets and buds densely tomentose or pubescent. Petiole 0-1 cm, pubescent to tomentose; leaf blade elliptic-obovate to cuneate-obovate, 1.5-7 × 0.5-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely golden glandular, adaxially golden glandular when young, midvein pubescent, base cuneate, margin usually serrate or serrate-crenate in apical 2/3, apex acute or obtuse. Male spikes nearly simple, ascending, 1-2 cm; peduncle and rachis pubescent; bracts overlapping, ciliate, densely golden glandular. Male flowers without bracteoles. Stamens 2-6; anthers red(?), ellipsoid. Female spikes solitary in leaf axils or inconspicuously branched at base, to 1.5 cm, 1-3-flowered; rachis pubescent; bracts ciliate and densely golden glandular. Female flowers often with 2 bracteoles. Ovary velutinous in young fruit; stigmas 2, bright red. Drupe usually 1 per infructescence, red or white, usually ellipsoid, papilliferous, 0.7-1 cm in diam. Fl. Oct-Nov, fr. Feb-May of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_color color: red
anther_shape shape: ellipsoid
bark_color color: gray
bract_color color: golden
color: golden
bract_count low: 2
bract_margin margin: ciliate
margin: ciliate
bract_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
branch_bud_surface surface: tomentose
surface: pubescent
drupe_color color: red
color: white
drupe_count low: 1, per_part: infructescence
drupe_shape shape: ellipsoid
flower_count low: 1, high: 3
fruit_size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
habit_male habit: ascending, sex: male
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf_axil_shape shape: branched
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: golden
color: golden
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: serrate, location: apical
margin: serrate-crenate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: cuneate-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
missing missing_part: without bract
peduncle_rachis_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
peduncle_rachis_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
spikes_count_male low: 1, sex: male
stamen_count low: 2, high: 6
stigma_color color: red
stigma_count low: 2
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
trunk_size height_low: 1.0, height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
dbh_high: 3.0, dbh_units: cm
Myricaceae Myrica esculenta Trees evergreen, dioecious, usually (2-)4-10 m tall; trunk to 40 cm d.b.h.; bark gray. Branchlets and buds tomentose. Petiole 0.3-2 cm, pubescent to tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-obovate or lanceolate-obovate to cuneate-obovate, 4-18 × 1.5-4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green, dark punctate, occasionally sparsely golden glandular, adaxially dark green, rarely glandular, pubescent along midvein, base cuneate, margin entire or sometimes serrate in apical 1/2, apex obtuse to acute. Male inflorescences much branched, erect or pendulous at apex, 4-9 cm; individual spikelets to ca. 1 cm; peduncle densely pubescent; bracts overlapping, ciliate and usually golden glandular. Male flowers without bracteoles. Stamens 3-7; anthers red, ellipsoid. Female inflorescences erect, 1-3.5 cm, many flowered; flowers in short, axillary fascicles well spaced at maturity; rachis densely pubescent and golden glandular; bracts ciliate, golden glandular. Female flowers with 2 bracteoles, ciliate and golden glandular. Ovary velutinous; stigmas 2, bright red. Drupes many per infructescence, red at maturity, usually ellipsoid, papilliferous. Fl. Aug-Feb, fr. Nov-May.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_color color: red
anther_shape shape: ellipsoid
bark_color color: gray
bract_color color: golden
color: golden
color: golden
bract_count low: 2
bract_margin margin: ciliate
margin: ciliate
margin: ciliate
bract_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
surface: glandular
branch_bud_surface surface: tomentose
inflorescence_shape_male shape: branched, sex: male
shape: pendulous, sex: male
inflorescence_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence_size_male length_low: 4.0, length_high: 9.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
infructescence_color color: red
infructescence_shape shape: ellipsoid
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: golden
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: lanceolate-obovate
shape: cuneate-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 18.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf_surface surface: glandular
surface: glandular
surface: pubescent
leaf_venation venation: midrib
missing missing_part: without bract
peduncle_size length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm, uncertain: True
peduncle_surface surface: pubescent
petiole_size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
petiole_surface surface: pubescent
surface: tomentose
rachis_color color: golden
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
stamen_count low: 3, high: 7
stigma_color color: red
stigma_count low: 2
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
surface_leader: densely
tree_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
trunk_size height_min: 2.0, height_low: 4.0, height_high: 10.0, height_units: m
dbh_high: 40.0, dbh_units: cm
Myricaceae Myrica nana Shrubs evergreen, dioecious, to 3 m tall; trunk to 3(?) cm d.b.h.; bark dark gray. Branchlets and buds glabrous to puberulent, occasionally hirtellous, golden glandular. Petiole 1-5 mm, glabrous to puberulent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-obovate to cuneate-obovate, 2.5-8 × 1-3.5 cm, leathery or subleathery, glabrous or sometimes puberulent along midvein adaxially, abaxially sparsely to moderately golden glandular, base cuneate, margin serrate, especially above middle, or often entire on smaller leaves, apex acute or rounded. Male spikes simple, solitary in leaf axils, 1-1.5 cm; peduncle and rachis glabrous; bracts suborbicular-deltoid, to 1.5 mm, ciliolate and golden glandular. Male flowers with 1 or 2 bracteoles, or bracteoles absent. Stamens 1-6(-8); anthers red, ellipsoid. Female spikes simple or inconspicuously branched, 0.5-1.5 cm; rachis glabrous to puberulent; bracts ciliate and densely golden glandular, each with 2 flowers. Female flowers with 2 bracteoles. Ovary glabrous, becoming velutinous in fruit; stigmas 2, red. Drupe red, globose to ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm in diam., papilliferous; papillae with apical, golden glands. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Jul.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_color color: red
anther_shape shape: ellipsoid
bark_color color: gray
bract_ciliolate_color color: golden
bract_ciliolate_surface surface: glandular
bract_color color: golden
bract_count low: 2
bract_count_male low: 1, high: 2, sex: male
low: 0, sex: male
bract_margin margin: ciliate
bract_shape shape: orbicular-deltoid
bract_size length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
bract_surface surface: glandular
branch_bud_color color: golden
branch_bud_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: glandular
drupe_color color: red
drupe_gland_color color: golden
drupe_shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
drupe_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
flower_count low: 2
leaf_apex_shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: golden
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: serrate
margin: entire
leaf_shape shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: cuneate-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
surface: glandular
leaf_venation venation: midrib
ovary_surface surface: glabrous
peduncle_rachis_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
rachis_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
shrub_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
spikes_count low: 1
spikes_count_male low: 1, sex: male
spikes_shape shape: branched
spikes_size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
stamen_count low: 1, high: 6, max: 8
stigma_color color: red
stigma_count low: 2
surface_leader surface_leader: densely
trunk_size height_high: 3.0, height_units: m
dbh_high: 3.0, dbh_units: cm, uncertain: True
Myricaceae Myrica rubra Trees evergreen, dioecious, to 15 m tall; trunk to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray. Branchlets and buds glabrous. Petiole 2-10 mm, glabrous to puberulent adaxially; leaf blade cuneate-obovate or narrowly elliptic-obovate, 5-14 × 1-4 cm, leathery, glabrous, abaxially pale green and sparsely to moderately golden glandular, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire or serrate in apical 1/2, apex obtuse to acute. Male spikes simple or inconspicuously branched, solitary or sometimes few together in leaf axils, 1-3 cm; peduncle glabrous; bracts suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous but abaxially golden glandular. Male flowers with 2-4 ovate bracteoles, sparsely ciliate. Stamens 4-6; anthers dark red, ellipsoid. Female spikes solitary in leaf axils, 0.5-1.5 cm, many flowered; rachis pubescent and glandular; bracts overlapping, glabrous and inconspicuously glandular. Female flowers with 4 bracteoles. Ovary velutinous; stigmas 2, bright red, slender. Drupe dark red or purple-red at maturity, globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., to 3 cm when cultivated,
Trait Label Trait Data
anther_color color: red
anther_shape shape: ellipsoid
bark_color color: gray
bract_color color: golden
bract_count low: 4
bract_count_male low: 2, high: 4, sex: male
bract_margin_male margin: ciliate, sex: male
bract_shape shape: orbicular
bract_shape_male shape: ovate, sex: male
bract_size length_low: 1.0, length_units: mm, uncertain: True
bract_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
branch_bud_surface surface: glabrous
drupe_color color: red
color: purple-red
drupe_shape shape: spheric
drupe_size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf_apex_shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf_base_shape shape: cuneate
leaf_color color: green
color: golden
color: green
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_margin margin: entire, location: apical
margin: serrate, location: apical
leaf_shape shape: cuneate-obovate
shape: elliptic-obovate
leaf_size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 14.0, length_units: cm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf_size_male length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm, sex: male
leaf_surface surface: glabrous
surface: glandular
peduncle_surface surface: glabrous
petiole_size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
petiole_surface surface: glabrous
surface: puberulent
rachis_surface surface: pubescent
surface: glandular
spikes_count_male low: 1, sex: male
spikes_shape_male shape: branched, sex: male
stamen_count low: 4, high: 6
stigma_color color: red
stigma_count low: 2
stigma_shape shape: slender
stigma_size length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
tree_reproduction reproduction: dioecious
trunk_size height_high: 15.0, height_units: m
dbh_high: 60.0, dbh_units: cm
Myricaceae Myricaceae Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, monoecious or dioecious, aromatic, often with resinous, peltate glands. Leaves alternate, simple, pinnately veined, entire to irregularly serrate or lobed, rarely pinnatifid; stipules absent or rarely present. Flowers in spikes, usually unisexual, anemophilous, without perianth. Male flowers solitary in axil of each bract, with 2-4 bracteoles or not. Stamens 2-20, often 4-8 on receptacle at base of bract; filaments short, free or slightly united at base; anthers erect, dithecal, extrorse, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers solitary or 2-4 in axil of bract, usually with 2-4 bracteoles. Gynoecium of 2 carpels united into a compound and 1-loculed ovary; styles distinct or united only at base; ovule solitary, basal, erect, orthotropous. Fruit drupaceous, or nearly a nutlet, often with headlike, wax-covered papillae; endocarp hard. Seeds nearly without endosperm; embryo straight; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract_count low: 2, high: 4
bract_count_male low: 2, high: 4, sex: male
carpel_count low: 2
cotyledon_shape shape: convex
leaf_count low: 1
leaf_duration leaf_duration: evergreen
leaf_duration: deciduous
leaf_lobe_margin margin: entire
margin: serrate
leaf_shape shape: pinnatifid
leaf_venation venation: veined
missing missing_part: without perianth
ovary_count low: 1
receptacle_count low: 4, high: 8, subpart_as_loc: at base
seed_shape shape: straight
shrub_gland_shape shape: peltate
shrub_reproduction reproduction: monoecious
reproduction: dioecious
solitary_axil_count low: 2, high: 4
stamen_count low: 2, high: 20
stipule_count low: 0